A Presentation on the Basics of Robotics

1. ROBOTICS

2. • Robotics is the branch of Science that deals with the
design, construction, operation, and application
of Robots.
• As well as computer systems for their control, sensory
feedback, and information processing.
• Take the place of humans in dangerous environments.
• Resemble humans in appearance, behavior, and/or
cognition.
• Many of today's robots are inspired by nature
contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics.

4. • The word robot was introduced to the public by Czech
writer Karel Capek(1890-1938) in his play R.U.R.
(Rossum's Universal Robots), published in 1920. The
play begins in a factory that makes artificial people
called robots . Capek was reportedly several times a
candidate for the Nobel prize for his works .
• The word "robotics", used to describe this field of
study, was coined accidentally by the Russian –born ,
American scientist and science fiction writer, Isaac
Asimov(1920-1992) in 1940s.

5. Asimov also proposed his three "Laws of Robotics", and he later
added a “zeroth law”.
Zeroth Law : A robot may not injure humanity,
or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm
First Law : A robot may not injure a human being, or,
through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm,
unless this would violate a higher order law
Second Law: A robot must obey orders given it by human
beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher
order law
Third Law : A robot must protect its own existence as long as
such protection does not conflict with a higher order law.

6. Why Robotics?
It can work in
hazardous/dangerous
environment
• Capable of carrying out
a complex series of
actions automatically
• To perform repetitive
task

7. Purpose of Robots
 Robots are also used for the following tasks:
• Dirty Tasks
• Repetitive tasks
• Dangerous tasks
• Impossible tasks
• Robots assisting the handicapped
• Can operate equipments at much higher precision
than humans.
• Cheaper on a long term basis.

8. Let’s Meet some Robo Celebrities

9. CLASSIFICATION OF ROBOTS
Bots
Autonomus
Fully
Autonomous
Semi
Autonomous
Manual
Remote
Operated or
Wired

10.  Mobile Robots
 Rolling Robots
 Walking Robots
 Stationary Robots
 Autonomous Robots
 Remote Control Robots
 Flying Robots

11. Mobile robots
Mobile robots are able to move, usually they perform
task such as search areas. A prime example is the Mars
Explorer, specifically designed to roam the mars surface.
Mobile robots are a great help to such collapsed building
for survivors Mobile robots are used for task where
people cannot go. Either because it is too dangerous of
because people cannot reach the area that needs to be
searched.

12. Rolling Robots
• Rolling robots have wheels to move around. These are
the type of robots that can quickly and easily search
move around. However they are only useful in flat
areas, rocky terrains give them a hard time. Flat
terrains are their territory.

13. Walking Robots
• Robots on legs are usually brought in when the
terrain is rocky and difficult to enter with
wheels. Robots have a hard time shifting balance and
keep them from tumbling. That’s why most robots
with have at least 4 of them, usually they have 6 legs
or more. Even when they lift one or more legs they
still keep their balance. Development of legged
robots is often modeled after insects or crawfish..

14. Stationary Robots
• Robots are not only used to explore areas or imitate a
human being. Most robots perform repeating tasks
without ever moving an inch. Most robots are ‘working’
in industry settings. Especially dull and repeating tasks
are suitable for robots. A robot never grows tired, it will
perform its duty day and night without ever
complaining. In case the tasks at hand are done, the
robots will be reprogrammed to perform other tasks..

15. Autonomous Robots
Autonomous robots are self supporting or in other words self contained. In a
way they rely on their own ‘brains’.
Autonomous robots run a program that give them the opportunity to decide
on the action to perform depending on their surroundings. At times these
robots even learn new behavior. They start out with a short routine and adapt
this routine to be more successful at the task they perform. The most
successful routine will be repeated as such their behavior is
shaped. Autonomous robots can learn to walk or avoid obstacles they find in
their way. Think about a six legged robot, at first the legs move ad random,
after a little while the robot adjust its program and performs a pattern which
enables it to move in a direction.

16. Remote Controlled Robots
An autonomous robot is despite its autonomous not a very clever or
intelligent unit. The memory and brain capacity is usually limited, an
autonomous robot can be compared to an insect in that respect.
In case a robot needs to perform more complicated yet
undetermined tasks an autonomous robot is not the right choice.
Complicated tasks are still best performed by human beings with
real brainpower. A person can guide a robot by remote control. A
person can perform difficult and usually dangerous tasks without being
at the spot where the tasks are performed. To detonate a bomb it is
safer to send the robot to the danger area.

17. Flying Robots
It’s a bird, it’s a plane, it’s—a
drone, the invasive new species
that’s making itself quite at home
in the world of the 21st century.
By using sensors on the robots, flying robots can
be sent into areas where it is too dangerous or
unfeasible to send human or canine rescue
teams, and relay information back to a central
hub, who can then direct rescue teams to where
they are most needed

18. Manupilator Robots
 These are robots that have a master-
slave system.
 The slave system replicates or
amplifies the motion input given by
the master system which is controlled
by the human operator.
 The manipulators are manually
controlled and are capable of
working with extreme payloads and
environmental conditions which may
prove harmful to the human beings.
 These manipulators are used where
the machine is supposed to work in
an environment which is not pre-
defined.
• The Space Shuttle’s Remote Manipulator System—known to its
b Builders as Canadarm—is a 50-foot robot arm used to deploy,
retrieve or repair satellites in orbit.

19. Characteristics of robots (Robot Anatomy…
1.Body
• Robots have physical
parts

20. The robot control loop:-
Think
ActSense
Speech, Vision
Acceleration, Temperature
Position ,Distance
Touch, Force
Magnetic field ,Light
Sound ,Position,Sense…
Task planning
Plan Classification
Learn
Process data
Path planning
Motion planning
Output information Move, Speech
Text, Visuals Wheels Legs
Arms Tracks

21. 2.Brain(control unit)
• Receives information
from sensors
• Send command to
actuators

22. • It can gather
information about
the environment
• Send the
information to the
control unit
3.Sensors

23. Sensors Cont…
 Sensors provide awareness of the environment by sensing
things.Sensors are the core of robots.It is the system that alerts the
robots..
 Sensing can be in different forms like-
• Light
• Sound
• Heat
• Chemicals
• Force
• Object proximity
• Physical orientation/position
• Magnetic & Electric Fields
• Resistance

24. The part of the robot create
the motion
4.Actuators

25. • Robots follows the
instructions provided
5.Programme

26. • Robots exhibit behavior
, that is directed by
programme
• Robots are mechanical ,
their behavior will
include movement
6.Behaviour

27. Robotic Applications
 EXPLORATION-
– Space Missions
– Robots in the Antarctic
– Exploring Volcanoes
– Underwater Exploration
 MEDICAL SCIENCE
– Surgical assistant
 ASSEMBLY- factories Parts-
- handling
- Assembly
- Painting
- Surveillance
- Security (bomb disposal,etc)
- Home help (grass cutting,
nursing)

30. Quiz Time
• Who is the Father of
Robotics?
• Entymology of Robotics
• 3 Laws of Robotics

31. Round 2
• Classification of Robots
• Name any three types
of Sensors used in
Robotics.
• Two Actuators used in
Robotics.

32. 3. Identify these Robo Stars