A robot is an automatically controlled machine that can be programmed to carry out tasks on its own. The field of robotics involves designing, building, and programming robots. Robots are used for tasks that are hazardous, repetitive, or require precision as they can work faster and more accurately than humans. Some key parts of robots include sensors that receive input, effectors and actuators that allow movement, and controllers that direct the robot's behavior. While robots have benefits, they also present issues like potential job losses or use for harmful purposes that need to be addressed.

3. A re-programmable, multifunctional, automatic
industrial machine designed to replace human in
hazardous work is known as a robot .It can be
used as:-
 An automatic machine sweeper
 An automatic car for a child to play with
 A machine removing mines in a war field
 In space
 In military , and many more.

4.  The branch of technology that deals with
the design, construction, operation, and
application of robots, as well as
computer systems for their control,
sensory feedback, and information
processing is robotics.
 Robotics may be easily defined as ”The
study of robots”.
 The aim of robotics is to design an
efficient robot.

5. Robotics is needed because of:-
 To save labor and reduce cost.
 Speed
 Can work in hazardous/dangerous
temperature
 Can do repetitive task
 Can do work with accuracy.
 Can do work with efficiency
 Adaptability

6.  The word robot was introduced to the public by Czech writer
Karel Capek(1890-1938) in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's
Universal Robots), published in 1920. The play begins in a
factory that makes artificial people called robots . Capek was
reportedly several times a candidate for the Nobel prize for
his works .
 The word "robotics", used to describe this field of study, was
coined accidentally by the Russian –born , American
scientist and science fiction writer, Isaac Asimov(1920-1992)
in 1940s.

7. Asimov also proposed his three "Laws of Robotics", and
he later added a “Zeroth law”.
 Zeroth Law : A robot may not injure humanity, or,
through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm
 First Law : A robot may not injure a human being,
or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to
harm, unless this would violate a higher order law
 Second Law: A robot must obey orders given it
by human beings, except where such orders would
conflict with a higher order law
 Third Law : A robot must protect its own
existence as long as such protection does not
conflict with a higher order law.

8. Industrial robots:
Industrial robots are electronically controlled, both
programmable and reprogrammable to carry out
certain tasks with high precision and accuracy.
Aerospace robots:
Robots can be used in aerospace for outer space
exploration .
Healthcare :
A highly possible advancement in healthcare is using
robots in robotic surgery.

9. Military robots:
The worst part of robotics is that it may used in military use
which may curtail human life instead of upholding it.
Robots in music:
Robots now can play various musical instruments .there are
many bands consisting of programmed robots who play
music.
Robots in sports:
Robots are used to examine players biomedical data, physical
fitness and also help trainers and coaches determine the
likelihood of a player . Robots are also used to play sports as
well.

10.  Most industrial robots have at least
the following five parts
 Sensors
 Effectors
 Actuators
 Controllers
 Arms

11. Sensors:
A sensor is a converter that measures a physical
quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read
by an observer or by an (today mostly electronic)
instrument.
Actuator:
An actuator is a type of motor for moving or controlling a
mechanism or system. It is operated by a source of
energy, typically electric current, hydraulic
fluid pressure, or pneumatic pressure, and converts
that energy into motion.

12. Effector:
An effector is the device at the end of a robotic arm,
designed to interact with the environment. The
exact nature of this device depends on the
application of the robot.
Controller:
Controller is used in robotics to control the input and
output of the robot.

13. Arm:
Robotic arm is a type of mechanical arm usually
programmable with a similar functions to a human
arm.

14. Mobile robots:
Mobile robots are of two types:-
Rolling robots-
Rolling robots have wheels to move around.
They can quickly and easily reach a desired place.
However they are only useful in flat areas.
Walking robots:-
Robots on legs are usually brought in when the terrain is
rocky. Most robots have at least 4 legs: usually they
have 6 or more.

15. Stationary robots:-
Robots are not used to explore areas or imitate a
human being.
Most robots perform repeating tasks without ever
moving an inch. Most robots are ‘working’ in industry
settings and are stationary.
Autonomous robots:
Autonomous robots are self-supporting or in other
words self-contained. In a way they rely on their own
‘brains’.

16. Virtual robots:-
Virtual robots don’t exist in real life.
Virtual robots are just programs, building blocks
of software inside a computer.
Remote-control robots:-
A person can guide a robot by remote control.
A person can perform difficult tasks without being at
the spot where the tasks are performed

17.  Giving us information that humans can't
get
 Working at places 24/7 without any
salary and food. Plus they don't get
bored
 They can perform tasks faster than
humans and much more consistently
and accurately

18.  There is also the problem of evil people
using robots for evil purposes.
 People can lose jobs in factories
 It needs a supply of power
 It needs maintenance to keep it running.

19. In future the population of robots will grow
rapidly.
 This growth is lead by Japan that has almost
twice as many robots as the USA.
 All estimates suggest that robots will play an
ever-increasing role in modern society.
 They will continue to be used in tasks where
danger, repetition, cost, and precision prevents
humans from performing.
 Our only hope is that man, along with the
advancement in technology, always promotes
for the well being of mankind.

20.  Some people are concerned that robots will reduce
the number of jobs and kick people out of their jobs
 This is almost never the case. The net affect of
advanced technology such as robots is that humans
become more productive.
 Robotics uses AI techniques to build intelligent
robots for the purpose of efficiency.
 The research of Robotics and AI would lead to a
manufacturing of Robots that will be used in every
industry.
 In future, it is better to use robotics in a appropriate
and useful way, with this we can get peaceful &
effective world .