This document provides an introduction to computer networking concepts. It discusses what a network is, the benefits of networks, and different network models including client-server, peer-to-peer, and hybrid models. It also describes common network devices like routers, gateways, and bridges. Various network topologies are defined, such as bus, star, ring, tree and mesh. Finally, it distinguishes between local, metropolitan, and wide area networks. The presentation was given by a group of 4 students in Pakistan on the topic of an introduction to computer networking.

3. PRESENTATOIN TOPIC:
BS URDU
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORKING

4. Introduction to Networking …..
#: 00923448832078
Group Members:
1:Muhammad Abdullah (12)
BS URDU
2:Jibran Manzoor (16)
3:Asif Ahmed (18)
4:Jameel Akhtar (25)
Government Post Graduate College Mirpur Azad Kashmir

5. What is a Network?
 Benefits of Computer Networks?
Workgroup Computing?
BS URDU
Groupware?
Terminal Computer?
NEXT

6. Server Computer?
Client-Server Model?
Peer-to-Peer?
BS URDU
Hybrid Model?
Types of Network Standard?
NEXT

7. De Facto Standard?
De Jure Standards?
What is network topologies?
BS URDU
 Different types of Topologies?
NEXT

8. Bus Topology?
Star Topology?
Ring Topology?
BS URDU
Tree Topology?
Mesh Topology?
NEXT

9.  Devices used to connect networks?
Router?
Gateway?
Bridge?
NEXT
BS URDU

10. Different types of networks?
 LAN (Local Area Network)?
 MAN (Metropolitan-Area Network)?
BS URDU
 WAN (Wide Area Network)?
THANK YOU

11. Introduction to Networking …..
BS URDU
Introduction to Networking

12. Introduction to Networking …..
What is a Network?
A network consists of 2 or more
computers connected BS URDU
together, and
they can communicate and share
resources (e.g. information)

13. Introduction to Networking …..
Benefits of Computer Networks
Some important uses of computer networks are as follows
BS URDU
 Networks are used to access shared data.
 Networks are used to share different devices such as
printers and hard disks etc.
 Networks are used to send Email with attachments of files
etc.
 Networks are used to communicate with different people
all over the world easily.
 One copy of software can be shared over a network by
multiple users.

14. Introduction to Networking …..
Benefits of Computer Networks
BS URDU

15. Introduction to Networking …..
Workgroup Computing:
Workgroup is together on BS group a particular URDU
of persons working
task by sharing
information through a computer network.
The process of sharing information by
using a computer network is called
workgroup computing

16. Workgroup Computing

17. Introduction to Networking …..
Groupware:
Groupware is a software workgroup computing. BS URDU
used for
It is used on
computer network. The researcher can
use to share information about different
projects online.

18. Groupware

19. Introduction to Networking …..
Difference between Terminal & Server Computer
BS URDU

20. Introduction to Networking …..
 Terminal Computer:
Every computer that network is called BS a terminal URDU
is part of a computer
or node. The
user using different terminal computers
can share information and send or receive
data from one terminal to another.

22. Introduction to Networking …..
 Server Computer:
A server is a computer that provides
services to the BS computers URDU
and other
computers in the network. Server
computer is more powerful than other
computers in the network.

23. Introduction to Networking …..
Different Network models
There are three models of computer
networks.
BS URDU
Client-Server Model
Peer-to-Peer Model
Hybrid Model

24. Introduction to Networking …..
Client-Server Model:
In client-server model, computer work BS as URDU
one or more
servers and other
computers work with Clients. The server
computer controls the whole network. It is
used to store data and programs to be
shared among different computers in the
network.

26. Introduction to Networking …..
 Peer-to-Peer:
All computers in peer-same status. That BS is URDU
to-peer model have
no server computer
to control other computer. Each computer
in this network can have access to the
devices and files on the other computer.
Each computer independently store its
own software and information.

28. Introduction to Networking …..
 Hybrid Model
Hybrid model is a Server model BS and URDU
combination of Client-
Peer-to-Peer model.
Many networks use a mixture of both
network models.

30. Introduction to Networking …..
Types of Network Standard:
The two types of network standards are
as follows:
BS URDU
De Facto standard
De Jure standard

31. Introduction to Networking …..
De Facto Standard:
De facto means by tradition or by facts.
These standards BS are URDU
developed without
any planning. These standards come into
existence due to historical development.
These standards are still being used by
organizations in the world.
SNA is an example of De Facto standards.

33. Introduction to Networking …..
De Jure Standards:
De Jure means according regulation. These BS URDU
to law or
standards are
developed with proper research to fulfill
the requirement of data communication.

34. De Jure Standards

35. Introduction to Networking …..
What is network topologies?
A network can be configured or arranged
in different ways. BS URDU
The physical layout or
arrangement of connected devices in a
network is called network topology. It is
the shape of a network.

36. Introduction to Networking …..
 Different types of Topologies:
Bus Topology
BS URDU
Ring Topology
Star Topology
Tree Topology
Mesh Topology

37. Introduction to Networking …..
Bus Topology:
Bus topology is the simplest type of
network. It supports BS URDU
a small number of
computers. In bus topology, all computers
or network nodes are connected to a
common communication medium. The
medium is often a central wire known as
Bus. Bus topology is mostly used in peer-to-
peer networks.

38. Bus Topology

39. Introduction to Networking …..
Star Topology:
BS URDU
All computers in star topology are
connected with a central device called a
hub. Star topology is mostly used in
client-server networks.

40. Star Topology

41. Introduction to Networking …..
Ring Topology:
In ring topology, each connected to BS the URDU
computer is
next computer with the
last one is connected to the first. Thus, a
ring of computer is formed.

42. Ring Topology

43. Introduction to Networking …..
Tree Topology:
A tree topology BS combines characteristics of URDU
the
bus and star topologies.
It consists of different groups of
computers attached in star topology. The
groups are then connected to a bus
backbone cable. Tree topology is used for
the expansion of an existing network.

44. Tree Topology

45. Introduction to Networking …..
Mesh Topology
In a mesh topology, network is physically BS URDU
every device in the
connected to every
other device in the network. A message
can b sent on different possible paths
from source to destination. Mesh network
are not used much in LAN. It is mostly
used in WAN.

47. Introduction to Networking …..
Devices used to connect networks:
BS URDU
Router
Gateway
Bridge

48. Introduction to Networking …..
Routers:
A router is a device that connect multiple
networks that BS use URDU
similar or different
protocols. It manages the best router
between any two communication
networks.
Router are used when several networks
are connected together. They transfer
data in less time.

50. Introduction to Networking …..
Gateway:
Gateway is a device more networks BS with URDU
that connects two or
different types of
protocols. Two different types of networks
require a gateway to communicate with
each other. It receive data from one
network and convert it according to the
protocol of other network.(LAN)

52. Introduction to Networking …..
BS URDU
Bridge:
Bridge is a device that connect network
segments. It is used to connect similar
types of networks. When a bridge receive
a signal, it reads the addresses of sending
and receiving computers. If both
computers are in the same segment,
bridge does not pass the signal to the
other segment.

54. Introduction to Networking …..
Different types of networks:
LAN (Local Area Network)
BS URDU
MAN (Metropolitan-Area Network)
WAN (Wide Area Network)

55. Introduction to Networking …..
LAN (Local Area Network):
LAN stands for Local the most common BS URDU
Area Network. It is
type of network. Is
covers a small area. It usually connects
the computers and other devices within a
one office or a building or group of
buildings.

57. Introduction to Networking …..
MAN (Metropolitan-Area Network):
MAN stands for Metropolitan-This type of BS network URDU
Area Network.
covers an area of a
city. MAN is larger than LAN but smaller
than WAN. It is usually used to connect
two or more LANs in a city or town.

58. PC
TV
MAN
Cable
Drop
Coaxial Cable company
Cable

59. Introduction to Networking …..
WAN (Wide Area Network):
WAN stands for Wide Area Network. This
type of network covers connects computers BS URDU
a large area. It
and other devices in
different cities and countries. WAN usually
consists of several LANs connected
together.

60. Introduction to Networking …..
BS URDU
Student Computer
Centre
Your home
USA

61. Introduction to Networking …..
BS URDU
ASIF AHMED
BS URDU ASIF AHMED
BS URDU