Introduction to network
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Networks connect two or more computers using various mediums like cables or wireless signals. They allow for sharing of files, data, and applications between systems without needing to physically transfer anything. Networks can be configured in a client-server model where some computers act as servers providing resources and other computers act as clients accessing those resources. Alternatively, networks can use a peer-to-peer model where each computer both acts as a client and server, allowing all systems to share directly. Networks can operate within a single location or span multiple geographic areas. Hardware like network interface cards and cables form the physical infrastructure while networking software manages communication and resource sharing.
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UNIT I
Introduction Concepts: Goals and Applications of Networks, Network structure and architecture, The OSI reference model, services, Network Topology Design, connecting devices,
Physical Layer: Transmission Media, Line coding scheme, Basic idea of modulation and multiplexing, Switching methods.
Medium Access sub layer: Medium Access sub layer - Channel Allocations, LAN protocols - ALOHA protocols, CSMA, CSMA/CD, Overview of IEEE standards
UNIT II
Data Link Layer: HDLC and point to point protocol, Error detection and correction, Flow control (sliding window protocol)
Network Layer: Network Layer –IP addressing, Internetworking, Address mapping, introduction to IPv6, transition from IPv4 to IPv6, routing.
UNIT III
Transport Layer: Transport Layer - Design issues, connection management, Flow control, TCP window management, congestion control-slow start algorithm
Session Layer: Design issues, remote procedure call.
Presentation Layer: Design issues, Data compression techniques, cryptography
Application Layer: Application Layer: File Transfer, Access and Management, Electronic mail, Virtual Terminals
Networking
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Networking
Computer network
Types of network
Personal Area Networks (PANs)
Local Area Networks (LANs)
Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)
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Hybrid architecture
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This document provides an overview of networking concepts including the basic components of a network, common network topologies, network devices, network addressing using IP addresses and subnet masks, network models like OSI and TCP/IP, and basic network communication. Key topics covered include LANs, WANs, Ethernet, wireless networks, routers, switches, TCP, UDP, ports, MAC addresses, and the layers of the OSI and TCP/IP models.
unit 1PPT.pptx
This document discusses networking concepts including network hardware, software, and reference models. It describes different types of networks like LAN, WAN, MAN, wireless networks, and home networks. It discusses network hardware components and network software including protocol hierarchies, design issues for layers, connection-oriented and connectionless services, and service primitives. The document also compares the OSI and TCP/IP reference models, describing the layers in each model and their functions.
Computer networks
Computer networks allow interconnected devices to communicate. They have advantages like resource sharing and cost savings but also disadvantages such as reduced productivity if poorly managed or servers fail. Early networks included ARPANET in 1969 and NSFNET in the 1980s, leading to the modern Internet. Networks transmit data via circuits, packets, or messages using techniques like circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. Components include nodes, servers, clients, hardware, software and communication channels. Networks can be LANs, MANs, WANs or PANs depending on their area of coverage. Wired networks use media like twisted pair, coaxial or fiber optic cables while wireless uses radio waves.
Types of computer network
There are several types of computer networks:
- Local area networks (LANs) connect devices within a small geographic area like a home or office using technologies like Ethernet or WiFi.
- Metropolitan area networks (MANs) connect devices within a city using technologies like DSL or cable.
- Wide area networks (MANs) connect LANs over long distances using technologies like leased phone lines or satellites.
Communications
Computer communications involves the transfer of data between devices using a communications channel. Key components of communication include a sender, receiver, encoding/decoding devices, and transmission medium. Networks connect multiple devices to facilitate communication and sharing of resources. Common network types include local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). Standards define how devices communicate over networks and include protocols, topologies, and technologies like Ethernet, TCP/IP, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth.
Types of-networks
There are several types of computer networks:
- Local area networks (LANs) connect devices within a small geographic area like a home or office using technologies like Ethernet or WiFi.
- Metropolitan area networks (MANs) span a larger area like a city using technologies like cable TV networks.
- Wide area networks (MANs) connect LANs over long distances using technologies like leased phone lines or satellites.
- Personal area networks (PANs) connect devices within a short range of an individual's body.
Networking presentationNetworking presentation.pptNetworking presentation.ppt...
This document provides an overview of computer networks. It defines a network as consisting of two or more connected computers that can share resources and information. Networks allow sharing of hardware, software, files and administration. There are different types of networks classified by transmission medium (wired vs wireless), size (LAN, WAN, MAN), management (peer-to-peer, client/server), and topology. Common transmission media are twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and fiber optic cables. Local area networks connect computers within a building while wide area networks connect locations further apart like across cities. Protocols like TCP/IP and domains names are used to transmit data packets across interconnected networks.
Computer Networks: Evolution of Computer Networks.pptx
The document summarizes the evolution of computer networking from early networks like ARPANET in 1969 to the modern Internet. It discusses key concepts like distributed processing, network criteria of performance, reliability and security. It also covers network transmission technologies including unicast, broadcast and multicast. Different types of networks are defined, from local area networks (LANs) to wide area networks (WANs). Common network devices like hubs, switches and routers are also explained.
Types of computer networks
This document discusses different types of computer networks. It describes local area networks (LANs) which connect devices within a building or home, metropolitan area networks (MANs) that span a larger area like a city, and wide area networks (WANs) that connect LANs over long distances, sometimes worldwide. It also discusses personal area networks (PANs) used to connect devices in close proximity, within a few meters of an individual. LANs can use either wired or wireless connections and common standards help ensure compatibility. While networks provide benefits like resource sharing, there are also costs to installing and maintaining them.
Computer network and email basic concepts
The document defines and describes various components of computer networks. It discusses what a network is, types of networks including local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). It also covers network topologies like bus, star and ring topologies. Additionally, it summarizes common networking hardware such as hubs, routers, gateways and modems. The document also touches on network protocols, architectures, and characteristics of data transmission over networks.
Typesofcomputer 130403035730-phpapp02
This document defines and describes different types of computer networks. It discusses local area networks (LANs) that connect devices within a building using cables or wirelessly, metropolitan area networks (MANs) that span a larger area like a city using technologies like DSL, and wide area networks (WANs) that connect LANs over long distances using technologies like fiber optics or satellites. It also covers personal area networks (PANs) used to connect devices in close proximity, within a few meters of an individual.
Types of-networks(1)
There are several types of computer networks depending on their geographical reach: local area networks (LANs) which span a small area like a home or building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) which connect devices within a city or campus, wide area networks (WANs) which connect LANs over large distances like countries or continents, and personal area networks (PANs) for connecting devices within a few meters of an individual.
Basics of Computer Network
This document provides an overview of basic computer network concepts. It defines a computer network as interconnecting two or more computers to enable communication and sharing of resources. It describes common network applications like sharing printers, software, databases and exchanging information. It also outlines components of a network like servers, workstations, network interface cards, hubs and transmission channels. Additionally, it discusses different types of networks including LAN, WAN and MAN and various network topologies such as bus, star and ring configurations.
Types of-networks
There are several types of computer networks depending on their geographical reach: local area networks (LANs) which connect devices within a building or home; metropolitan area networks (MANs) which span a city or large campus; wide area networks (WANs) which connect LANs over long distances like countries or continents; and personal area networks (PANs) which connect devices within a few meters of an individual. LANs use twisted pair cable or WiFi to link devices for resource sharing at speeds up to 10 Gbps, while MANs and WANs transmit data over phone lines or wireless links to connect larger regions. PANs allow communication between devices in close proximity, either directly or through a larger network
HHCJ AMUMARA: COMPUTER STUDIES LECTURE NOTE FOR SS3-002
Circuit-switched telephone systems use dedicated connections for each call, while packet-switched networks break communication into packets that are sent independently. Satellite phones connect to orbiting satellites from anywhere in the world, while fixed wireless systems provide local connectivity without cables or satellite by using radio frequencies. Data networks include personal, local, wireless local, metropolitan, wide area, virtual private, and campus networks that connect devices over various physical distances to share information.
Computer network
This document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It discusses what a computer network is, why networks are used, what components make up a network, and what networks do to reliably transmit data. It also describes different types of networks including LANs, MANs, and WANs; various network topologies such as star, bus, ring, tree, and mesh; and different transmission media used in networks. The key details covered include the purpose and advantages and disadvantages of different network types, topologies, and transmission media.
computer network 2
This document discusses computer networks and their components. It describes the principles of networking and different types of networks including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and wireless LANs. The document also discusses peer-to-peer and client/server network models, bandwidth, modes of data transmission, internet protocols, and physical network components like cables, hubs, switches, and routers.
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS Module 3.pptx
Computer Networks and Internet Basics:
Computer Networks: Introduction to networks, types of networks (LAN, WAN, WLAN), network topologies.
Networking Basics: Network components (routers, switches, hubs), IP addressing (IPv4, IPv6), TCP/IP Protocol.
Internet and World Wide Web: Understanding the Internet, web browsers, search engines, online research techniques.
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Computer Networks: Evolution of Computer Networks.pptx
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Introduction to network
- 2. Introduction to NetworkingIntroduction to Networking • Network – Term that describes the connection of two or more computers by some type of medium, including: • Wire cable • Fiber-optic cable • Infrared • Radio equipment
- 3. Origin of NetworkingOrigin of Networking • Difficult to place actual origin as many devices have been networked throughout history • Today, networks include a wide variety of computers and peripheral components • Systems that are part of a network do not have to be identical
- 4. Why Do We Use Networks?Why Do We Use Networks? • Convenience • People expect interoperability from electronic devices • Computer networks allow for the transfer of files, data, and even shared applications without copying anything to floppy disk
- 5. Why Do We Use Networks?Why Do We Use Networks?
- 6. Why Do We Use Networks?Why Do We Use Networks?
- 7. Related TermsRelated Terms • Media – Refers to the wire cabling that form the connections in most networks – Some networks use wireless transmission media, such as infrared or radio signals – Cable, glass, or telephone lines that host the signal from one computer to another on the network • Electromagnetic interference (EMI) – Electric noise that disrupts signals on cables • Wireless – Communications that are not conducted over physical wires or cables
- 8. Client/Server NetworksClient/Server Networks • Networks that have computers as servers and computers that act as clients to those servers • Server host that resources for the clients to use and provide security • A client is the computer that request resources from the server.
- 9. Client/Server NetworksClient/Server Networks • Types of servers on a network: – Print server – File server – Database server – Remote access server (RAS) – Web server
- 11. Peer-to-PeerPeer-to-Peer • When every computer on a network acts as both a client and a server, the network is a peer-to- peer network • In a peer-to-peer network, all computers can share resources with other computers • Peer-to-peer networks are also known as “workgroups”
- 12. LAN, WAN, MAN, SANLAN, WAN, MAN, SAN • A local area network (LAN) is contained within a company or department and located in a single geographic area • A wide area network (WAN) spans multiple geographic areas and is usually connected by common telecommunication carriers Or a network that spans two or more geographically diverse locations • A metropolitan area network (MAN) is an intermediate specification that defines networks confined to a fairly restricted geographic area
- 13. LAN, WAN, MAN, SANLAN, WAN, MAN, SAN • A storage area network (SAN) is refers to a series of storage devices that are networked together to provide very fast data storage for a network or subnetwork Or a subsystem of networked storage devices physically separated from servers
- 19. Network Operating SystemNetwork Operating System • Network operating system (NOS) – Allows communication, security, and distribution of data, files, and applications over a network • End system – The location and/or set of controls that the user can manipulate to interact with a computer or a network
- 20. NIC, Networking Hardware, andNIC, Networking Hardware, and Networking SoftwareNetworking Software • Network interface card (NIC) – A device that allows a computer or other device to connect to a network through the media – Hardware device that transmits and receives electronic signals on a network • Networking hardware - Describes all the physical components of a network, such as the NIC, cable, hub, switch, router, and any related connectors or devices - a generic term that describes all the physical components of a network
- 21. NIC, Networking Hardware, andNIC, Networking Hardware, and Networking SoftwareNetworking Software • Networking software - The programs used to run a network