FBISE CLASS 9 CHAPTER 5 COMPUTER NETWORKS

1. PRESENTED BY
ANAMYOUNAS

2. CHAPTER 5
COMPUTER NETWORKS
PAGE # 140-155
COMPUTER SCIENCE CLASS 9
NATIONAL BOOK FOUNDATION AS FEDRAL
TEXT BOOK BOARD ISLAMABAD

3. TABLE OF CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKS
1. COMPUTER NETWORK
2. USES OF NETWORKS
3. DATA TRANSMISSION MODES
4. NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
5. TYPES OF NETWORK
ARCHITECTURES

4. TABLE OF CONTENT
• TYPES OF NETWORKS
1. TYPES OF NETWORKS BASED ON
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
2. NETWORK TOPOLOGY
3. TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

5. TABLE OF CONTENT
• COMMUNICATION OVER NETWORK
1. COMMUNICATION VIA TELEPHONE
NETWORK
2. TYPES OF MODEMS
3. COMPARISON BETWEEN DATA
COMMUNICATION LINES

6. INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKS
• COMPUTER NETWORK
A computer network is a group of computers
that use a set of common communication
protocols over digital interconnections for
the purpose of sharing resources located on
or provided by the network nodes

8. Examples of Network
• When you share files, data with your
friends using wifi, Bluetooth etc then it is
also called a network.
• The cable services in your home also a
network which connects the televisions to
the Satellite.

9. Examples of Network
• The telephone communication system is a
network which connects the no. of
Telephones and helps us to communicate
with the people.
• INTERNET is the biggest network in the
world. It connects millions of computers,
smartphones, servers around the world.

10. USES OF COMPUTER NETWORK
• HARDWARE SHARING
• SOFTWARE SHARING
• FILE SHARING
• INTERNET SHARING
• RESOURCE SHARING

11. USES OF COMPUTER NETWORK IN
DIFFERENT FIELDS

12. ADVANTAGES / DISADVANTAGES
OF COMPUTER NETWORK

14. DATA TRANSMISSION MODES
• SIMPLEX TRANSMISSION MODE
• HALF DUPLEX TRANSMISSION MODE
• FULL DUPLEX TRANSMISSION MODE

15. DATA TRANSMISSION MODES
• Data Transmission mode defines the
direction of the flow of information
between two communication devices. It is
also called Data Communication or
Directional Mode. It specifies the direction
of the flow of information from one place to
another in a computer network.

16. SIMPLEX TRANSMISSION MODE
• Simplex is the data transmission mode in
which the data can flow only in one
direction, i.e., the communication is
unidirectional. In this mode, a sender can
only send data but can not receive it.
Similarly, a receiver can only receive data
but can not send it.

17. SIMPLEX TRANSMISSION MODE

18. HALF DUPLEX TRANSMISSION MODE
• Half-Duplex is the data transmission mode in
which the data can flow in both directions but
in one direction at a time. It is also referred to
as Semi-Duplex. In other words, each station
can both transmit and receive the data but not
at the same time. When one device is sending
the other can only receive and vice-versa.

19. HALF DUPLEX TRANSMISSION MODE

20. FULL DUPLEX TRANSMISSION MODE
• Full-Duplex is the data transmission mode
in which the data can flow in both
directions at the same time. It is bi-
directional in nature. It is two-way
communication in which both the stations
can transmit and receive the data
simultaneously.

21. FULL DUPLEX TRANSMISSION MODE

22. NETWROK ARCHITECTURE
• TYPES OF NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
1. CLIENT SERVER NETWORK
2. PEER TO PEER NETWORK
3. POINT TO POINT NETWORK

23. NETWROK ARCHITECTURE
• Network architecture is the logical and
structural layout of the network, consisting
of transmission equipment, software and
communication protocols, and
infrastructure (i.e. wired or wireless)
transmission of data and connectivity
between components.

24. CLIENT SERVER NETWORK
Client–server model is a distributed
application structure that partitions tasks or
workloads between the providers of a
resource or service, called servers, and
service requesters, called clients.

25. CLIENT SERVER NETWORK
• Often clients and servers communicate
over a computer network on separate
hardware, but both client and server may
reside in the same system.

26. CLIENT SERVER NETWORK

27. PEER TO PEER NETWORK
• In a P2P network, the "peers" are
computer systems which are connected to
each other via the Internet. Files can be
shared directly between systems on the
network without the need of a central
server. In other words, each computer on
a P2P network becomes a file server as
well as a client.

28. PEER TO PEER NETWORK

29. POINT TO POINT NETWORK
• A point-to-point network is mainly used for
sending private and confidential data securely
between two secure locations. These
networks are usually made through fiber-optic
or wireless links. In a Peer-to-Peer network,
devices connected to the network
communicate with each other equally or in
pairs.

30. POINT TO POINT NETWORK

31. TYPES OF NETWORKS
• TYPES OF NETWORKS BASED ON
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
1. LAN
2. WAN
3. MAN
4. PAN

32. TYPES OF NETWORKS
• The Network is the interconnection
between computers, laptops, servers,
smartphones and other network devices
for communication, data sharing, data
transporting, data exchanging, operations.

33. TYPES OF NETWORKS
• Computer, laptops, smartphones are the
greatest device which makes easy our works.
Most of the time in the office, business and
other places we have a need to share and
transfer data between computers. This is
possible by creating a network. First, the
concept of the network comes with the
computer.

34. TYPES OF NETWORKS
• The connection of two or more computer
through switches, modem, routers are
called Network. Nowadays we connecting
all the devices like smartphones,
televisions, and many other devices for
our requirements.

35. TYPES OF NETWORKS
• The connection of two or more computer
through switches, modem, routers are
called Network. Nowadays we connecting
all the devices like smartphones,
televisions, and many other devices for
our requirements.

36. LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
• A local area network (LAN) is a computer
network that interconnects computers within a
limited area such as a residence, school,
laboratory, university campus or office
building. By contrast, a wide area network
(WAN) not only covers a larger geographic
distance, but also generally involves leased
telecommunication circuits.

37. LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)

38. WIDE AREAN NETWORK(WAN)
• A wide area network (WAN) is a
telecommunications network that extends
over a large geographic area for the
primary purpose of computer
networking.Wide area networks are often
established with leased telecommunication
circuits.

39. WIDE AREAN NETWORK(WAN)

40. METROPOLITAN AREA
NETWORK(MAN)
• A MAN is a computer network that
interconnects users with computer resources in
a geographic region of the size of a
metropolitan area.The term MAN is applied to
the interconnection of LANs in a city into a
single larger network which may then also offer
efficient connection to a wide area network .

41. METROPOLITAN AREA
NETWORK(MAN)

42. PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)
• A personal area network (PAN) is a
computer network for interconnecting
electronic devices centered on an
individual person's workspace. A PAN
provides data transmission among devices
such as computers, smartphones, tablets
and personal digital assistants.

43. PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)

44. TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY
• BUS TOPOLOGY
• RING TOPOLOGY
• STAR TOPOLOGY
• RING TOPOLOGY

45. NETWORK TOPOLOGY
• Network topology refers to the physical or
logical layout of a network. It defines the
way different nodes are placed and
interconnected with each other.
Alternately, network topology may
describe how the data is transferred
between these nodes.

46. TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY
BUS TOPOLOGY
• All the devices/nodes are connected
sequentially to the same backbone or
transmission line. This is a simple, low-
cost topology, but its single point of failure
presents a risk.

47. BUS TOPOLOGY

48. RING TOPOLOGY
• All network devices are connected
sequentially to a backbone as in bus
topology except that the backbone ends at
the starting node, forming a ring. Ring
topology shares many of bus topology's
disadvantages so its use is limited to
networks that demand high throughput.

49. RING TOPOLOGY

50. STAR TOPOLOGY
• All the nodes in the network are connected
to a central device like a hub or switch via
cables. Failure of individual nodes or
cables does not necessarily create
downtime in the network but the failure of
a central device can. This topology is the
most preferred and popular model.

51. STAR TOPOLOGY

52. MESH TOPOLOGY
• The topology in each node is directly
connected to some or all the other nodes
present in the network. This redundancy
makes the network highly fault-tolerant but
the escalated costs may limit this topology
to highly critical networks.

53. MESH TOPOLOGY

54. COMMUNICATION OVER NETWORKS
• COMMUNICATION VIA TELEPHONE
NETWORKS
1. DIAL UP LINE
2. DSL
3. ISDN
4. CDMA TECHNOLOGY

55. COMMUNICATION OVER NETWORKS
• Communication begins with a message, or
information, that must be sent from one
individual or device to another. People
exchange ideas using many different
communication methods. All of these
methods have three elements in common.

56. COMMUNICATION OVER NETWORKS
• The first of these elements is the message
source, or sender. Message sources are
people, or electronic devices, that need to
send a message to other individuals or
devices. The second element of
communication is the destination, or
receiver, of the message.

57. COMMUNICATION OVER NETWORKS
• The destination receives the message and
interprets it. A third element, called a
channel, consists of the media that
provides the pathway over which the
message can travel from source to
destination.

58. COMMUNICATION VIA TELEPHONE
NETWORKS
• The data and voice is coupled to the telephone
line and transmitted to the other devices via
the telephone lines. Telephone line
communications uses an Ethernet network and
the telephone lines for the infrastructure.
Telephone line developers plan to provide USB
and Ethernet adapters to the home network.

59. DIAL UP LINES
• Dial-Up Line is any telecommunications
link that is serviced by a modem. Dial-up
lines are ordinary phone lines used for
voice communication, while dedicated or
leased lines are digital lines with dedicated
circuits.

60. DIAL UP LINES

61. DSL
• DSL service can use the same copper
path as an existing telephone line.
Because they operate at drastically
different frequencies, the DSL service and
telephone line can use the same path
simultaneously, as long as the two signals
are separated properly.

62. DSL
• DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line, and
describes a family of technologies used for
digital data transmission and connection to the
Internet. It is a type of broadband
communication service available to homes and
businesses that uses existing phone lines
without interrupting telephone use.

63. DSL

64. ISDN
• Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
is a set of communication standards for
simultaneous digital transmission of voice,
video, data, and other network services
over the digitalised circuits of the public
switched telephone network.

65. CDMA
• CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple
Access. It is a wireless communication
technology that allows multiple people to
use a single radio channel at the same
time with little interference and very high
security.

66. TYPES OF MODEM
1. DIAL UP
MODEM
2. DSL MODEM
3. ISDN MODEM
COMPARISON BETWEEN
DATA COMMUNICATION
LINES
1. DIAL UP LINE
2. DSL
3. ISDN
4. CDMA TECHNOLOGY

67. MODEM
• The word "modem" stands for "modulator-
demodulator". A modem's purpose is to
convert digital information to analog
signals (modulation), and to convert
analog signals back into useful digital
information (demodulation).

68. MODEM
• DIAL UP MODEM
• Require dial up
connection
• You’ll probably
need a special dial-
up internet modem
and other
equipment to use
the service.
• DSL MODEM
• Used to connect
micro computers.
• Provide high speed
internet access.
• Connect computer
via USB or
ethernet port.

69. MODEM

70. COMPARISON BETWEEN DSL AND
DIALUP MODEM

71. COMPARISON BETWEEN DSL AND
DIALUP MODEM
• Difference Between Dial-Up Modem and
DSL is that a dial-up modem is a
communications device that can convert
digital signals to analog signals and
analog signals to digital signals, so that
data can travel along an analog telephone
line.

72. COMPARISON BETWEEN DSL AND
DIALUP MODEM
• While DSL is a popular digital line
alternative for the small business or home
user. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
transmits at fast speeds on existing
standard copper telephone wiring.