Program/Course : Computer System Servicing NC II
Unit of Competency : Set-up Computer Networks
Module : Install Network Cables
Learning Outcome 01: Installing Network Cables
for full compilation just visit my website.
http://computersystemsolution.com/
group of computers connected with each other to share information or resources. A network can be small or a large. it can be created in a building or spread all over the world. Networks are main source of communication all over the world. The most common resource shared today is connection to the Internet.
Computer Networks and Internet Basics:
Computer Networks: Introduction to networks, types of networks (LAN, WAN, WLAN), network topologies.
Networking Basics: Network components (routers, switches, hubs), IP addressing (IPv4, IPv6), TCP/IP Protocol.
Internet and World Wide Web: Understanding the Internet, web browsers, search engines, online research techniques.
Fundamentals of Computer Networking - Shift Education of TechnologyRaphaff
Power Point Presentation on Computer Networking - Assignment on Networking Module of QA - Software Tester Course - Provided by Shift Education of Technology
Fundamentals of Computer Networking - Rafael SA
This presentation incorporates subjects such as TCP/IP, Networks Classification, OSI Model, DHCP, DNS Protocols and IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing schemes and more.
Program/Course : Computer System Servicing NC II
Unit of Competency : Set-up Computer Networks
Module : Install Network Cables
Learning Outcome 01: Installing Network Cables
for full compilation just visit my website.
http://computersystemsolution.com/
group of computers connected with each other to share information or resources. A network can be small or a large. it can be created in a building or spread all over the world. Networks are main source of communication all over the world. The most common resource shared today is connection to the Internet.
Computer Networks and Internet Basics:
Computer Networks: Introduction to networks, types of networks (LAN, WAN, WLAN), network topologies.
Networking Basics: Network components (routers, switches, hubs), IP addressing (IPv4, IPv6), TCP/IP Protocol.
Internet and World Wide Web: Understanding the Internet, web browsers, search engines, online research techniques.
Fundamentals of Computer Networking - Shift Education of TechnologyRaphaff
Power Point Presentation on Computer Networking - Assignment on Networking Module of QA - Software Tester Course - Provided by Shift Education of Technology
Fundamentals of Computer Networking - Rafael SA
This presentation incorporates subjects such as TCP/IP, Networks Classification, OSI Model, DHCP, DNS Protocols and IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing schemes and more.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
4. LAN, MAN & WAN
Introduction to Computer Networks
Network in small geographical Area (Room, Building
or a Campus) is called LAN (Local Area Network)
speed (10 to 100 mbps)
Network in a City is call MAN (Metropolitan Area
Network)
Network spread geographically (Country or across
Globe) is called WAN (Wide Area Network)
8. Applications of Networks
Introduction to Computer Networks
Resource Sharing
Hardware (computing resources, disks, printers)
Software (application software)
Information Sharing
Easy accessibility from anywhere (files, databases)
Search Capability (WWW)
Communication
Email
Message broadcast
Remote computing
Distributed processing (GRID Computing)
9. Network Topology
The network topology
defines the way in
which computers,
printers, and other
devices are connected.
A network topology
describes the layout of
the wire and devices as
well as the paths used
by data transmissions.
Introduction to Computer Networks
10. Bus Topology
Commonly referred to
as a linear bus, all the
devices on a bus
topology are connected
by one single cable.
Key characteristics
Flexible
Expandable
Moderate Reliability
Moderate performance
Introduction to Computer Networks
11. BUS TOPOLOGY
• Advantages
– Easy to install
– Requires less
cabling than
mesh,star,tree,ring.
• Disadvantages
– Difficult to add device
– Limitation on
maximum number of
devices linked.
– Fault identification and
isolation is the
problem
– Any fault in cable can
stop the entire
transmission
12. Star & Tree Topology
Introduction to Computer Networks
The star topology is the most
commonly used architecture in
Ethernet LANs.
When installed, the star
topology resembles spokes in
a bicycle wheel.
Larger networks use the
extended star topology also
called tree topology. When
used with network devices that
filter frames or packets, like
bridges, switches, and routers,
this topology significantly
reduces the traffic on the wires
by sending packets only to the
wires of the destination host.
13. STAR & TREE TOPOLOGY
ADVANTAGES
• Less expensive
• It is easy to install and
configure
• Addition and deletion
involves only one
connection between hub
and device
• It require less cabling
• Fault identification and
removal is easy
DISADVANTAGES
• If hub fails whole network
goes down
• There is no alternate
routing
• It require most cable than
tree.
14. Ring Topology
Introduction to Computer Networks
A frame travels around the ring,
stopping at each node. If a node
wants to transmit data, it adds the
data as well as the destination
address to the frame.
The frame then continues around
the ring until it finds the
destination node, which takes the
data out of the frame.
Single ring – All the devices on
the network share a single cable
Dual ring – The dual ring topology
allows data to be sent in both
directions.
15. RING TOPOLOGY
ADVANTAGES
• It is easy to install and
reconfigure
• Addition and deletion
require only to connection
• Alarm is issued if signal
problem issue
• Fault identification and
removal is easy
DISADVANTAGES
• A break the ring disables
the entire network. This
can be removed by using
dual ring or switch that
closes the break.
16. Mesh Topology
The mesh topology
connects all devices
(nodes) to each other
for redundancy and
fault tolerance.
It is used in WANs to
interconnect LANs and
for mission critical
networks like those
used by banks and
financial institutions.
Implementing the mesh
topology is expensive
and difficult.
Introduction to Computer Networks
17. MESH TOPOLOGY
ADVANTAGES
• There is no traffic problem due
to dedicated point to point link.
• The network is robust as if one
link becomes unusable then
also the network can work.
• The Network is very secure as
only intended receiver will get
the data.
• Fault identification and
removal is very easy.
DISADVANTAGES
• Installation is difficult as
every device is connected
to every other devices.
• Cost is very high due to
more cabling and more
ports for each device.
• Addition and deletion is
difficult as it will remove
all connection.
19. Networking Media
Networking media can
be defined simply as
the means by which
signals (data) are sent
from one computer to
another (either by cable
or wireless means).
Introduction to Computer Networks
20. Networking Devices
Introduction to Computer Networks
HUB, Switches, Routers,
Wireless Access Points,
Modems etc. are required
to link them together.
These are called
internetworking devices.
22. REPEATERS
• It is an electronic device that operate on only the physical layer.
• Its job is to regenerate the signal over the same network before the signal
becomes too weak or corrupted so as to extend the length to which the
signal can be transmitted over the same network.
• An important point to be noted about repeaters is that they do not amplify
the signal.
• When the signal becomes weak, they copy the signal bit by bit and
regenerate it at the original strength.
• It is a 2 port device.
23. BRIDGES
• A bridge operates at data link layer. A bridge is a repeater.
• It is also used for interconnecting two LANs working on the same protocol. It has a
single input and single output port, thus making it a 2 port device.
Types of Bridges
• Simple Bridge: links two segments and contains a table the list address of all the
station included in each of them.
• Multi Bridge: connect more than two LAN
• Transport Bridge: builds table of station addresses on its own as it performs its bridge
function.
25. Routers
• A router is a device like a switch
that routes data packets based
on their IP addresses.
• Router is mainly a Network
Layer device.
• Routers normally connect LANs
and WANs together and have a
dynamically updating routing
table based on which they make
decisions on routing the data
packets.
• Router divide broadcast
domains of hosts connected
through it.
26. Switches
• A switch is a multiport bridge with a buffer and a design that can boost its efficiency(a large
number of ports imply less traffic) and performance.
• A switch is a data link layer device.
• The switch can perform error checking before forwarding data, that makes it very efficient
as it does not forward packets that have errors and forward good packets selectively to
correct port only.
27. HUB
• A hub is basically a multiport repeater.
• A hub connects multiple wires coming from different branches, for
example, the connector in star topology which connects different
stations.
• Hubs cannot filter data, so data packets are sent to all connected
devices.
• Also, they do not have intelligence to find out best path for data
packets which leads to inefficiencies and wastage.
28. BANDWIDTH
• Bandwidth describes the maximum data
transfer rate of a network or Internet
connection.
• It measures how much data can be sent over a
specific connection in a given amount of time.
• For example, a gigabit Ethernet connection
has a bandwidth of 1,000 Mbps (125
megabytes per second)
30. Types of Hub
• Active Hub:-
– These are the hubs which have their own power supply and can
clean, boost and relay the signal along with the network.
– It serves both as a repeater as well as wiring centre.
• These are used to extend the maximum distance between
nodes.
• Passive Hub :-
– These are the hubs which collect wiring from nodes and power
supply from active hub.
– These hubs relay signals onto the network without cleaning and
boosting them and can’t be used to extend the distance between
nodes.
31. Computers: Clients and Servers
In a client/server
network arrangement,
network services are
located in a dedicated
computer whose only
function is to respond
to the requests of
clients.
The server contains the
file, print, application,
security, and other
services in a central
computer that is
continuously available
to respond to client
requests.
Introduction to Computer Networks
32. TCP/IP
• TCP/IP, or the Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol, is a suite of
communication protocols used to
interconnect network devices on the
internet.
• TCP/IP can also be used as a
communications protocol in a private
network (an intranet or an extranet).
33. How TCP/IP works
• TCP/IP uses the client/server model of communication in which a
user or machine (a client) is provided a service (like sending a
webpage) by another computer (a server) in the network.
• Collectively, the TCP/IP suite of protocols is classified as stateless,
which means each client request is considered new because it is
unrelated to previous requests. Being stateless frees up network
paths so they can be used continuously.
• The transport layer itself, however, is stateful. It transmits a single
message, and its connection remains in place until all the packets in
a message have been received and reassembled at the destination.
35. Applications
E-mail
Searchable Data (Web Sites)
E-Commerce
News Groups
Internet Telephony (VoIP)
Video Conferencing
Chat Groups
Instant Messengers
Internet Radio
Introduction to Computer Networks