The document provides an introduction to computer networking, including definitions of networking concepts like network topology. It defines different types of network topologies such as bus, star, ring, and mesh and describes their advantages and disadvantages. The key components covered are local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs). It also discusses client/server networks and peer-to-peer networks.
A computer network allows two or more computers to connect and share resources like files, printers, and disk drives. A network can be a local area network (LAN) connecting computers in a small area like a home or office, a wide area network (WAN) connecting computers across large distances, or a metropolitan area network (MAN) connecting computers in a city. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring, and mesh, with star being popular for its ease of installation and fault tolerance. Networks can be configured as client-server with centralized servers providing services, or peer-to-peer with equal computers sharing resources directly.
Lecture 1_Introduction to Networking_1.pptflyinimohamed
This document provides an introduction to networking fundamentals. It defines what a network is, discusses different types of network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid, and describes the roles of clients and servers. The key types of networks covered are local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). Advantages and disadvantages of different network classifications and topologies are also summarized.
Web applications and security. By: Partha Jee Chauhan, MSc Computer SciencePartha Jee Chauhan
This document discusses different types of computer networks and network topologies. It defines local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). LANs connect devices within a small physical area like a home or office, while MANs connect multiple LANs within a city. WANs are the largest networks and can span states, countries, or continents like the Internet. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring, tree and mesh. The document compares these topologies and describes their structures, requirements for a host, ability to handle node and host failures, ease of troubleshooting and adding nodes. Computer networks are used for file sharing, printer sharing, communication,
This document provides an overview of computer networks. It discusses what a computer network is, types of networks including LAN, MAN and WAN, network topologies such as bus, ring and star, and differences between topologies. Local area networks connect devices within a small physical area like a home or office building. Metropolitan area networks connect devices within a city. Wide area networks connect devices over large distances like countries. Topologies determine how devices are physically connected on a network. [END SUMMARY]
This document provides an overview of computer networks, including definitions, types, architectures, topologies, and applications. It defines a computer network as a system of interconnected computers that allows for the transfer of information. The three main types of networks discussed are local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). LANs are smallest in size and cover small physical areas like homes or single buildings. MANs connect multiple LANs within a city, while WANs are the largest and span states, countries or continents. The document also describes common network architectures like client-server and peer-to-peer, and topologies including bus, star, ring and mesh.
computer networking and its application pptNitesh Dubey
This document provides an overview of computer networks, including definitions, types, architectures, topologies, and applications. It defines a computer network as a system of interconnected computers that allows for the transfer of information. The three main types of networks discussed are local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). LANs are smallest in size and cover a small physical area like a home or office, while WANs are the largest and span large distances like countries. Client-server and peer-to-peer are described as the two main network architectures. The document also outlines different network topologies including bus, star, ring, tree and mesh, and provides examples of
A computer network connects two or more computers together to allow sharing of resources and communication between users. Common network types include local area networks (LANs) within a building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) within a city, and wide area networks (WANs) spanning multiple cities or countries. The topology, or layout of connections between devices, can take bus, star, ring or mesh forms. Protocols and layered network architectures like TCP/IP or OSI model provide standards for communication between networked devices.
This document provides an introduction to computer networking concepts. It defines what a network is and explains that networks allow computers to share resources like files, printers, and storage. It discusses different types of network topologies including bus, star, ring, and mesh and describes the advantages and disadvantages of each. It also defines common networking hardware like network interface cards, repeaters, hubs, bridges, routers, and switches and explains their basic functions. Finally, it introduces the concepts of local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs).
A computer network allows two or more computers to connect and share resources like files, printers, and disk drives. A network can be a local area network (LAN) connecting computers in a small area like a home or office, a wide area network (WAN) connecting computers across large distances, or a metropolitan area network (MAN) connecting computers in a city. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring, and mesh, with star being popular for its ease of installation and fault tolerance. Networks can be configured as client-server with centralized servers providing services, or peer-to-peer with equal computers sharing resources directly.
Lecture 1_Introduction to Networking_1.pptflyinimohamed
This document provides an introduction to networking fundamentals. It defines what a network is, discusses different types of network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid, and describes the roles of clients and servers. The key types of networks covered are local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). Advantages and disadvantages of different network classifications and topologies are also summarized.
Web applications and security. By: Partha Jee Chauhan, MSc Computer SciencePartha Jee Chauhan
This document discusses different types of computer networks and network topologies. It defines local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). LANs connect devices within a small physical area like a home or office, while MANs connect multiple LANs within a city. WANs are the largest networks and can span states, countries, or continents like the Internet. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring, tree and mesh. The document compares these topologies and describes their structures, requirements for a host, ability to handle node and host failures, ease of troubleshooting and adding nodes. Computer networks are used for file sharing, printer sharing, communication,
This document provides an overview of computer networks. It discusses what a computer network is, types of networks including LAN, MAN and WAN, network topologies such as bus, ring and star, and differences between topologies. Local area networks connect devices within a small physical area like a home or office building. Metropolitan area networks connect devices within a city. Wide area networks connect devices over large distances like countries. Topologies determine how devices are physically connected on a network. [END SUMMARY]
This document provides an overview of computer networks, including definitions, types, architectures, topologies, and applications. It defines a computer network as a system of interconnected computers that allows for the transfer of information. The three main types of networks discussed are local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). LANs are smallest in size and cover small physical areas like homes or single buildings. MANs connect multiple LANs within a city, while WANs are the largest and span states, countries or continents. The document also describes common network architectures like client-server and peer-to-peer, and topologies including bus, star, ring and mesh.
computer networking and its application pptNitesh Dubey
This document provides an overview of computer networks, including definitions, types, architectures, topologies, and applications. It defines a computer network as a system of interconnected computers that allows for the transfer of information. The three main types of networks discussed are local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). LANs are smallest in size and cover a small physical area like a home or office, while WANs are the largest and span large distances like countries. Client-server and peer-to-peer are described as the two main network architectures. The document also outlines different network topologies including bus, star, ring, tree and mesh, and provides examples of
A computer network connects two or more computers together to allow sharing of resources and communication between users. Common network types include local area networks (LANs) within a building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) within a city, and wide area networks (WANs) spanning multiple cities or countries. The topology, or layout of connections between devices, can take bus, star, ring or mesh forms. Protocols and layered network architectures like TCP/IP or OSI model provide standards for communication between networked devices.
This document provides an introduction to computer networking concepts. It defines what a network is and explains that networks allow computers to share resources like files, printers, and storage. It discusses different types of network topologies including bus, star, ring, and mesh and describes the advantages and disadvantages of each. It also defines common networking hardware like network interface cards, repeaters, hubs, bridges, routers, and switches and explains their basic functions. Finally, it introduces the concepts of local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs).
This document discusses computer networks and their applications. It defines a computer network as a system connecting computers and devices. Communication involves transferring information from a sender to a receiver. Networks can use analog or digital signals, with computers using digital.
There are three main types of networks: local area networks (LANs) covering a small physical area; metropolitan area networks (MANs) connecting devices within a city; and wide area networks (WANs) spanning large distances like countries. Network architectures include client-server models and peer-to-peer networks. Topologies encompass bus, ring, star, tree and mesh configurations. Computer networks enable file sharing, printing, collaboration, remote access, data protection and centralized administration.
This document provides an introduction to computer networking, including definitions of networking concepts and an overview of network topologies. It defines a network as connecting two or more computers to share resources like files, printers, and disk drives. There are different types of network topologies including bus, star, ring, and mesh, each with their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost, ease of installation and reconfiguration, and fault tolerance. The document also discusses network hardware, software, client/server models, and the roles of local, wide, and metropolitan area networks.
This document provides an introduction to computer networking concepts. It defines what a network is and explains that networks allow computers to share resources like files, printers, and storage. It discusses different types of network topologies including bus, star, ring, and mesh and describes the advantages and disadvantages of each. It also defines common networking hardware like network interface cards, repeaters, hubs, bridges, routers, and switches and explains their basic functions. Finally, it introduces the concepts of local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs).
This document provides an introduction to computer networking concepts. It defines what a network is and explains that networks allow computers to share resources like files, printers, and storage. It discusses different types of network topologies including bus, star, ring, and mesh and describes the advantages and disadvantages of each. It also defines common networking hardware like network interface cards, repeaters, hubs, bridges, routers, and switches and explains their basic functions. Finally, it introduces the concepts of local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs).
This document provides an overview of computer networks and network security. It begins with an introduction to networks and their advantages and disadvantages. It then discusses different types of networks including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and the internet. It describes the roles of clients and servers in a network and how they communicate via IP addresses. It also outlines common network topologies like bus, star, ring, and mesh and how information flows through each. Finally, it reviews important network hardware and software components such as network interface cards, hubs, bridges, routers, modems, and firewalls.
This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It discusses that a network connects two or more entities to share resources and information. Computers on a network can act as clients, which request resources, or servers, which provide and control access to resources. Networks are classified based on their geography as local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), or wide area networks (WANs). They can also be classified based on the roles of their components as peer-to-peer, server-based, or client-based networks. The document outlines different network topologies including mesh, star, bus, ring, tree and hybrid and describes common networking devices like hubs, switches, gateways, bridges and routers
This presentation discusses computer networks and communications. It defines a computer network as a system that connects computers and peripheral devices. Communications refers to transferring information from a sender to a receiver. Computer networks use digital signals to transmit data.
The presentation outlines three main types of computer networks: local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). LANs connect devices within a small physical area like a home or office, while MANs operate within a city. WANs have the largest scope and can span states, countries, or continents.
Network architectures are also introduced, including client-server models where servers provide resources and clients request them, and peer-to
This document provides an introduction to computer networking concepts. It defines what a network is and explains that networks allow computers to share resources like files, printers, and storage. It then covers network topologies including bus, star, ring and mesh; common network devices like switches, routers and hubs; and different types of networks including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs) and metropolitan area networks (MANs). It also discusses client-server models and peer-to-peer networks.
This document introduces computer networking concepts. It defines a network as connecting two or more computers to share resources like files, printers, and storage. Network topologies include bus, star, ring and mesh configurations for connecting devices either physically or logically. The document also discusses client-server models, peer-to-peer networking, intranets vs the Internet, and network hardware and software components.
This document provides an introduction to computer networking concepts. It defines what a network is and discusses why networking is important. It also covers network classifications including LAN, WAN, MAN, peer-to-peer, client-server, and intranet/internet. Additionally, it describes common network topologies such as bus, star, ring, and mesh and discusses their advantages and disadvantages.
Classification of Networks
Major Types of Networks
Topologies of Network for Local Area Networks
P2P Networks
Client to Server Network
Mesh topology
star topology
bus topology
This power point presentation summarizes computer networks and their applications. It defines what a computer network is and discusses different types of networks including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also covers network topologies like bus, ring, star, tree and mesh. Finally, it lists some key applications of computer networks like file sharing, printer sharing, communication and collaboration, remote access, data protection, and centralized support and administration.
This document provides information on networking concepts including network protocols, networking media, network topologies, local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs). It defines protocols like IP and TCP and discusses physical network media like coaxial cable, twisted pair, and fiber optics. It also describes common network topologies such as star, ring, bus, tree, and mesh. Finally, it provides overviews of LANs, WANs, and MANs including their purposes, components, and key differences.
The document introduces computer networking by defining what a network is and listing its main advantages and disadvantages. It then discusses fundamental network classifications like LANs, WANs and MANs. It also covers intranets, the internet, client/server networks, peer-to-peer networks and different network topologies like bus, star, ring and mesh along with their advantages and disadvantages.
The document introduces computer networking concepts including definitions, advantages, disadvantages, classifications and topologies. It defines a network as connecting computers to share resources. Local area networks connect computers in a small area like a building, while wide area networks connect LANs across cities/countries. Key networking hardware includes network interface cards, repeaters, hubs, bridges, routers and switches.
A computer network allows computing devices to communicate and share resources. It consists of clients that request resources and servers that provide access to resources. There are several types of networks including LANs, MANs, and WANs. LANs are used in small areas like offices and connect devices using TCP/IP. WANs connect servers and computers across large distances like continents. Network topologies describe how network components are arranged both physically and logically. Common topologies include bus, star, ring, tree and mesh, with each having advantages and disadvantages for things like ease of use, reliability and cost.
This document discusses different types of computer networks, including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also describes common network topologies like bus, ring, star, tree, and mesh. Finally, it covers other network concepts such as network architecture, media, linking devices, and protocols.
This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It defines what a network is and discusses the purpose of sharing resources between connected computers. It describes different network topologies including bus, star, ring and mesh and explains common network hardware like switches, routers, hubs and network interface cards. The document also distinguishes between local, wide and metropolitan area networks.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
More Related Content
Similar to 1-introduction-to-computer-networking.pdf
This document discusses computer networks and their applications. It defines a computer network as a system connecting computers and devices. Communication involves transferring information from a sender to a receiver. Networks can use analog or digital signals, with computers using digital.
There are three main types of networks: local area networks (LANs) covering a small physical area; metropolitan area networks (MANs) connecting devices within a city; and wide area networks (WANs) spanning large distances like countries. Network architectures include client-server models and peer-to-peer networks. Topologies encompass bus, ring, star, tree and mesh configurations. Computer networks enable file sharing, printing, collaboration, remote access, data protection and centralized administration.
This document provides an introduction to computer networking, including definitions of networking concepts and an overview of network topologies. It defines a network as connecting two or more computers to share resources like files, printers, and disk drives. There are different types of network topologies including bus, star, ring, and mesh, each with their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost, ease of installation and reconfiguration, and fault tolerance. The document also discusses network hardware, software, client/server models, and the roles of local, wide, and metropolitan area networks.
This document provides an introduction to computer networking concepts. It defines what a network is and explains that networks allow computers to share resources like files, printers, and storage. It discusses different types of network topologies including bus, star, ring, and mesh and describes the advantages and disadvantages of each. It also defines common networking hardware like network interface cards, repeaters, hubs, bridges, routers, and switches and explains their basic functions. Finally, it introduces the concepts of local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs).
This document provides an introduction to computer networking concepts. It defines what a network is and explains that networks allow computers to share resources like files, printers, and storage. It discusses different types of network topologies including bus, star, ring, and mesh and describes the advantages and disadvantages of each. It also defines common networking hardware like network interface cards, repeaters, hubs, bridges, routers, and switches and explains their basic functions. Finally, it introduces the concepts of local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs).
This document provides an overview of computer networks and network security. It begins with an introduction to networks and their advantages and disadvantages. It then discusses different types of networks including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and the internet. It describes the roles of clients and servers in a network and how they communicate via IP addresses. It also outlines common network topologies like bus, star, ring, and mesh and how information flows through each. Finally, it reviews important network hardware and software components such as network interface cards, hubs, bridges, routers, modems, and firewalls.
This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It discusses that a network connects two or more entities to share resources and information. Computers on a network can act as clients, which request resources, or servers, which provide and control access to resources. Networks are classified based on their geography as local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), or wide area networks (WANs). They can also be classified based on the roles of their components as peer-to-peer, server-based, or client-based networks. The document outlines different network topologies including mesh, star, bus, ring, tree and hybrid and describes common networking devices like hubs, switches, gateways, bridges and routers
This presentation discusses computer networks and communications. It defines a computer network as a system that connects computers and peripheral devices. Communications refers to transferring information from a sender to a receiver. Computer networks use digital signals to transmit data.
The presentation outlines three main types of computer networks: local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). LANs connect devices within a small physical area like a home or office, while MANs operate within a city. WANs have the largest scope and can span states, countries, or continents.
Network architectures are also introduced, including client-server models where servers provide resources and clients request them, and peer-to
This document provides an introduction to computer networking concepts. It defines what a network is and explains that networks allow computers to share resources like files, printers, and storage. It then covers network topologies including bus, star, ring and mesh; common network devices like switches, routers and hubs; and different types of networks including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs) and metropolitan area networks (MANs). It also discusses client-server models and peer-to-peer networks.
This document introduces computer networking concepts. It defines a network as connecting two or more computers to share resources like files, printers, and storage. Network topologies include bus, star, ring and mesh configurations for connecting devices either physically or logically. The document also discusses client-server models, peer-to-peer networking, intranets vs the Internet, and network hardware and software components.
This document provides an introduction to computer networking concepts. It defines what a network is and discusses why networking is important. It also covers network classifications including LAN, WAN, MAN, peer-to-peer, client-server, and intranet/internet. Additionally, it describes common network topologies such as bus, star, ring, and mesh and discusses their advantages and disadvantages.
Classification of Networks
Major Types of Networks
Topologies of Network for Local Area Networks
P2P Networks
Client to Server Network
Mesh topology
star topology
bus topology
This power point presentation summarizes computer networks and their applications. It defines what a computer network is and discusses different types of networks including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also covers network topologies like bus, ring, star, tree and mesh. Finally, it lists some key applications of computer networks like file sharing, printer sharing, communication and collaboration, remote access, data protection, and centralized support and administration.
This document provides information on networking concepts including network protocols, networking media, network topologies, local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs). It defines protocols like IP and TCP and discusses physical network media like coaxial cable, twisted pair, and fiber optics. It also describes common network topologies such as star, ring, bus, tree, and mesh. Finally, it provides overviews of LANs, WANs, and MANs including their purposes, components, and key differences.
The document introduces computer networking by defining what a network is and listing its main advantages and disadvantages. It then discusses fundamental network classifications like LANs, WANs and MANs. It also covers intranets, the internet, client/server networks, peer-to-peer networks and different network topologies like bus, star, ring and mesh along with their advantages and disadvantages.
The document introduces computer networking concepts including definitions, advantages, disadvantages, classifications and topologies. It defines a network as connecting computers to share resources. Local area networks connect computers in a small area like a building, while wide area networks connect LANs across cities/countries. Key networking hardware includes network interface cards, repeaters, hubs, bridges, routers and switches.
A computer network allows computing devices to communicate and share resources. It consists of clients that request resources and servers that provide access to resources. There are several types of networks including LANs, MANs, and WANs. LANs are used in small areas like offices and connect devices using TCP/IP. WANs connect servers and computers across large distances like continents. Network topologies describe how network components are arranged both physically and logically. Common topologies include bus, star, ring, tree and mesh, with each having advantages and disadvantages for things like ease of use, reliability and cost.
This document discusses different types of computer networks, including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also describes common network topologies like bus, ring, star, tree, and mesh. Finally, it covers other network concepts such as network architecture, media, linking devices, and protocols.
This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It defines what a network is and discusses the purpose of sharing resources between connected computers. It describes different network topologies including bus, star, ring and mesh and explains common network hardware like switches, routers, hubs and network interface cards. The document also distinguishes between local, wide and metropolitan area networks.
Similar to 1-introduction-to-computer-networking.pdf (20)
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
1. Introduction to computer networking
Objective:
To be acquainted with:
• The definitions of networking
• Network topology
• Network peripherals, hardware and software
2. Definitions
1.1 Network Definition
• A network can be defined as two or more
computers connected together in such a way
that they can share resources.
• The purpose of a network is to share resources.
3. Definitions (cont..)
A resource may be:
• A file
• A folder
• A printer
• A disk drive
• Or just about anything else that exists on a
computer.
4. Definitions (cont..)
A network is simply a collection of computers or other
hardware devices that are connected together, either
physically or logically, using special hardware and
software, to allow them to exchange information and
cooperate. Networking is the term that describes the
processes involved in designing, implementing, upgrading,
managing and otherwise working with networks and
network technologies.
5. Advantages of networking
• Connectivity and Communication
• Data Sharing
• Hardware Sharing
• Internet Access
• Internet Access Sharing
• Data Security and Management
• Performance Enhancement and Balancing
• Entertainment
6. The Disadvantages (Costs) of Networking
• Network Hardware, Software and Setup Costs
• Hardware and Software Management and
Administration Costs
• Undesirable Sharing
• Illegal or Undesirable Behavior
• Data Security Concerns
7. Fundamental Network Classifications
Local Area Networks (LANs):
• A local area network (LAN) is a computer network covering a small geographic area, like a home, office,
or group of buildings
Wide Area Networks (WANs):
• Wide Area Network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a broad area (i.e., any network whose
communications links cross metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries). Or, less formally, a network
that uses routers and public communications links
• The largest and most well-known example of a WAN is the Internet.
• WANs are used to connect LANs and other types of networks together, so that users and computers in
one location can communicate with users and computers in other locations
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):
o A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network that interconnects users with computer resources in a
geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large local area network (LAN) but smaller
than the area covered by a wide area network (WAN). The term is applied to the interconnection of
networks in a city into a single larger network (which may then also offer efficient connection to a wide
area network). It is also used to mean the interconnection of several local area networks by bridging
them with backbone lines. The latter usage is also sometimes referred to as a campus network.
11. Intranet and Internet Specifications
• Intranet: An intranet is a private network that is contained within an
enterprise. It may consist of many interlinked local area networks and
also use leased lines in the wide area network.
• An intranet uses TCP/IP, HTTP, and other Internet protocols and in
general looks like a private version of the Internet. With tunneling,
companies can send private messages through the public network, using
the public network with special encryption/decryption and other
security safeguards to connect one part of their intranet to another.
• Internet: is a worldwide system of computer networks - a network of
networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have
permission, get information from any other computer (and sometimes
talk directly to users at other computers).
12. Client and Server computer role in
networking
• Server computer is a core component of the network,
providing a link to the resources necessary to perform any
task.
• A server computer provides a link to the resources
necessary to perform any task.
• The link it provides could be to a resource existing on the
server itself or a resource on a client computer.
• Client computers normally request and receive information
over the network client. Client computers also depends
primarily on the central server for processing activities
13. Peer-to peer network
• A peer-to-peer network is a network where the computers
act as both workstations and servers.
• great for small, simple, and inexpensive networks.
• In a strict peer-to-peer networking setup, every computer is
an equal, a peer in the network.
• Each machine can have resources that are shared with any
other machine.
• There is no assigned role for any particular device, and each
of the devices usually runs similar software. Any device can
and will send requests to any other.
15. Client/Server Networking
• In this design, a small number of computers are
designated as centralized servers and given the task
of providing services to a larger number of user
machines called clients
17. Network topology
• A topology is a way of “laying out” the network.
Topologies can be either physical or logical.
• Physical topologies describe how the cables are
run.
• Logical topologies describe how the network
messages travel
18. Network topology (cont.)
• Bus (can be both logical and physical)
• Star (physical only)
• Ring (can be both logical and physical)
• Mesh (can be both logical and physical)
19. Network topology (cont.)
Bus
• A bus is the simplest physical topology. It consists of a single
cable that runs to every workstation
• This topology uses the least amount of cabling, but also
covers the shortest amount of distance.
• Each computer shares the same data and address path.
With a logical bus topology, messages pass through the
trunk, and each workstation checks to see if the message is
addressed to itself. If the address of the message matches
the workstation’s address, the network adapter copies the
message to the card’s on-board memory.
20. Network topology (cont.)
• it is difficult to add a workstation
• have to completely reroute the cable and possibly
run two additional lengths of it.
• if any one of the cables breaks, the entire network
is disrupted. Therefore, it is very expensive to
maintain.
22. Network topology (cont.)
Star Topology
• A physical star topology branches each network device off a
central device called a hub, making it very easy to add a new
workstation.
• Also, if any workstation goes down it does not affect the
entire network. (But, as you might expect, if the central
device goes down, the entire network goes down.)
• Some types of Ethernet and ARCNet use a physical star
topology. Figure 8.7 gives an example of the organization of
the star network.
23. Network topology (cont.)
• Star topologies are easy to install. A cable is run
from each workstation to the hub. The hub is
placed in a central location in the office.
• Star topologies are more expensive to install than
bus networks, because there are several more
cables that need to be installed, plus the cost of the
hubs that are needed.
25. Network topology (cont.)
Ring
• Each computer connects to two other computers,
joining them in a circle creating a unidirectional
path where messages move workstation to
workstation.
• Each entity participating in the ring reads a
message, then regenerates it and hands it to its
neighbor on a different network cable.
26. Network topology (cont.)
• The ring makes it difficult to add new computers.
• Unlike a star topology network, the ring topology
network will go down if one entity is removed from
the ring.
• Physical ring topology systems don’t exist much
anymore, mainly because the hardware involved
was fairly expensive and the fault tolerance was
very low.
28. Network topology (cont.)
Mesh
• The mesh topology is the simplest logical topology in terms of data flow,
but it is the most complex in terms of physical design.
• In this physical topology, each device is connected to every other device
• This topology is rarely found in LANs, mainly because of the complexity
of the cabling.
• If there are x computers, there will be (x × (x–1)) ÷ 2 cables in the
network. For example, if you have five computers in a mesh network, it
will use 5 × (5 – 1) ÷ 2, which equals 10 cables. This complexity is
compounded when you add another workstation.
• For example, your five-computer, 10-cable network will jump to 15
cables just by adding one more computer. Imagine how the person
doing the cabling would feel if you told them you had to cable 50
computers in a mesh network—they’d have to come up with 50 × (50 –
1) ÷ 2 = 1225 cables!
29. Network topology (cont.)
• Because of its design, the physical mesh topology is very expensive to
install and maintain.
• Cables must be run from each device to every other device. The
advantage you gain from it is its high fault tolerance.
• With a logical mesh topology, however, there will always be a way of
getting the data from source to destination.
• It may not be able to take the direct route, but it can take an alternate,
indirect route. It is for this reason that the mesh topology is still found in
WANs to connect multiple sites across WAN links. It uses devices called
routers to search multiple routes through the mesh and determine the
best path.
• However, the mesh topology does become inefficient with five or more
entities.
31. Network topology (cont.)
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Network Topologies
Topology Advantages Disadvantages
Bus Cheap. Easy to install. Difficult to reconfigure.
Break in bus disables
entire network.
Star Cheap. Easy to install.
Easy to reconfigure.
Fault tolerant.
More expensive than bus.
Ring Efficient. Easy to install. Reconfiguration difficult.
Very expensive.
Mesh Simplest. Most fault tolerant. Reconfiguration extremely difficult.
Extremely expensive.
Very complex.