Challenges faced during embedded system design:
The challenges in design of embedded systems have always been in the same limiting requirements for decades: Small form factor; Low energy; Long-term stable performance without maintenance.
It is a presentation for the Embedded System Basics. It will be very useful for the engineering students who need to know the basics of Embedded System.
FPGA are a special form of Programmable logic devices(PLDs) with higher densities as compared to custom ICs and capable of implementing functionality in a short period of time using computer aided design (CAD) software....by mathewsubin3388@gmail.com
Challenges faced during embedded system design:
The challenges in design of embedded systems have always been in the same limiting requirements for decades: Small form factor; Low energy; Long-term stable performance without maintenance.
It is a presentation for the Embedded System Basics. It will be very useful for the engineering students who need to know the basics of Embedded System.
FPGA are a special form of Programmable logic devices(PLDs) with higher densities as compared to custom ICs and capable of implementing functionality in a short period of time using computer aided design (CAD) software....by mathewsubin3388@gmail.com
Presents features of ARM Processors, ARM architecture variants and Processor families. Further presents, ARM v4T architecture, ARM7-TDMI processor: Register organization, pipelining, modes, exception handling, bus architecture, debug architecture and interface signals.
Increasing the Flow of Capital to Women Business Owners in PhoenixKristin Slice
Data, facts and discussion from the Empowered PhXX roundtable discussion on funding and increasing the flow of capital to female entrepreneurs in Phoenix.
Presents features of ARM Processors, ARM architecture variants and Processor families. Further presents, ARM v4T architecture, ARM7-TDMI processor: Register organization, pipelining, modes, exception handling, bus architecture, debug architecture and interface signals.
Increasing the Flow of Capital to Women Business Owners in PhoenixKristin Slice
Data, facts and discussion from the Empowered PhXX roundtable discussion on funding and increasing the flow of capital to female entrepreneurs in Phoenix.
Design of Software for Embedded SystemsPeter Tröger
The course covers basic principles of software design and development for embedded systems, with a special emphasis on automotive systems. Topics included in the slide deck are:
- Introduction and basic concepts
- Functional and non-functional requirements on embedded software
- Real-time execution environments and operating systems
- Programming languages and middleware for embedded systems
- Model-driven development for embedded systems
- Latest trends from research and practice
Why Session Border Controllers?
Product Portfolio of the Session Border Controller
Business Applications and Use Cases (Vega ESBC)
Carrier/Service Provider Applications and Use Cases (NetBorder SBC)
Sangoma SBC Load Balancing and Failover Techniques
SBC Walkthrough
Conceptual Overview of the SBC Call Processing Components
Introduction and Configuration of SIP Profiles
Introduction and Configuration of Domain Profiles
Introduction and Configuration of Media Profiles
Introduction and Configuration of SIP Trunks
Introduction and Configuration of Call Routing
Walkthrough
Presentation from the Embedded Conference Scandinavia (ECS2014) about the merits of the different embedded computing form factors... and the difficulties they have! There's one that we think comes out first among them!
Scaling FreeSWITCH to high cps and number of concurrent calls.
You'll learn about how the FreeSWITCH internals work and how to tweak them to improve different call scenarios. You'll learn about OS and environment changes that can help to remove bottlenecks and ensure audio quality.
Embeddedsystem basic for Engineering StudentsElectro 8
Electro8 Is a Leading Embedded System Development Company in Chennai,We Offering Final Year Embedded and Matlab projects,We are the Vendor of Godraj and Spoorthi,Global ad ,Micron solution
A detailed overview of Sierra Monitor's FieldServer protocol gateways for integrators. This covers the FieldServer product line, features, and building automation use cases.
A detailed overview of Sierra Monitor's FieldServer protocol gateways for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). This covers the FieldServer OEM product line, features and benefits of working with us, and use cases.
JavaOne 2015 - CON6489 - Smart Open Spaces Powered by Low Cost ComputersJorge Hidalgo
By Jorge Hidalgo & Julio Palma. San Francisco Oct 27th, 2015.
Single-board computers such as the Raspberry Pi are cheap, small, and cute, but they have also shown that they are powerful enough to drive interesting ideas at a fraction of the cost of other, more “traditional” hardware solutions. This session covers how Java ME and Java SE technologies can power solutions for managing open spaces (such as museums, department stores, hypermarkets, airports, train stations, and offices) in a cost-effective manner. Combining Java, the Raspberry Pi, and Bluetooth LE and other sensors makes it easy to build a platform to track personal devices as they are carried through an area and analyze movement patterns, hot zones, and real-time 3-D information to help drive better visitor/customer/user interactions.
This lecture contain some important and basic things of a microcontrollers. fro more detail visit this post of our website
http://engineermaze.com/introduction-of-microcontroller-51
ScicomP 2015 presentation discussing best practices for debugging CUDA and OpenACC applications with a case study on our collaboration with LLNL to bring debugging to the OpenPOWER stack and OMPT.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
2. Embedded Architecture
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 2
• Embedded computers
• Characteristics
• Applications
• Challenges
• Embedded memories
• ES design process
• Requirement specifications
• Architecture
• H/W and S/W components
• System Integration
• Design examples
3. Definition
• Embedded computing system: any
device that includes a programmable
computer but is not itself a general-
purpose computer.
• System has a S/W embedded into
Computer H/W, which makes the
system dedicated for an application
or specific part of an application or
product or part of a larger system.
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 3
4. Definition
• Embedded systems (ES) = information
processing systems embedded into a
larger product
• Main reason for buying is not information
processing
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 4
6. Various Embedded Mobile Systems
Desktop PC
Data Processing Consumer
Communication Automotive & etc.
DTV
Media
Center
Game
Console
DSC
DVC
Car Navigation
DVD
Telematics
MP3 Player
Credit Card
Cellular Phone
Notebook PC
Internet
Smart Phone PDA
Bluetooth
Audio
Friday, September 04, 2015 6By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR
7. Examples
• Biomedical Instrumentation: ECG Recorder, Blood cell
recorder, patient monitor system
• Communication system: pagers, cellular phones, cable TV
terminals, fax and transreceiver, video games and so on.
• Peripheral controllers of a computer –keyboard controller,
DRAM controller, Printer Controller, LAN controller, Disk
drive Controller
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 7
8. Examples
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 8
• Industrial Instrumentation- Process controller,
DC motor controller, robotic system, CNC
machines controller, close loop engine
controller, industrial moisture recorder cum
controller
• Scientific –digital storage system, CRT display
controller, spectrum analyzer.
12. Characteristics
• Dedicated and sophisticated functionality
• Low manufacturing cost, low power
• Complex Algorithm
• GUI, other user interface
• Reliability
• Real Time operations
-latencies
-Deadlines
• Multirate Operations
-Audio
-Vedio
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 12
13. Design Metrics/Goals
• Reliability
• Power Consumption
• Cost :NRE cost & Manufacturing cost
• Weight/size
• Time: time to prototype & time to market
• Flexibility
• Performance
• Debuggability
• Safty & maintaince
• Maximum usage of resources
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 13
14. Challenges
• How much hardware do we need?
– How big is the CPU? Memory?
• How do we meet our deadlines?
– Faster hardware or cleverer software?
• How do we minimize power?
– Turn off unnecessary logic? Reduce memory accesses?
• Does it really work?
– Is the specification correct?
– Does the implementation meet the spec?
– Reliability in safety-critical systems
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 14
15. Challenges
• How do we work on the system?
– Complex testing
• How do we test for real-time characteristics?
• How do we test on real data?
– Limited observability and controllability
– Restricted development environments
• What is our development platform?
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 15
16. Level Abstraction
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 16
requirements
specification
architecture
component
design
system
integration
18. Components of Embedded system
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 18
H/W
- Processor
- Power source and clock
- Reset circuit
- Memory Unit
- Interrupt Handler
- Linking Embedded System H/W
- I/O communication Unit
S/W
- ROM image/Applications/w
- Programming Languages
- Device Drivers
- Program Models
19. Components of Embedded system
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 19
RTOS/EOS
S/W Tools
- Development tools
- Simulator
- Project Manager
- IDE
20. Types of Cores
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 20
Requirments
-Able to solve complex Algorithm
- Meet Deadlines
- No.of Bits to be operated
- Bus Width
- Clock Frequency
- Performance(MIPS/MFLOPS)
21. Types of Cores
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 21
GPP: General Purpose Processor
-Microprocessors
-Embedded Processors
ASIP: Application Specific Instruction Processor
-Micro controller
-Embedded Micro controller
-DSP and media Processor
-Network Processor
SPP: Single Purpose Processor
-Coprocessors eg:Math-coprocessor
-Accelerators eg:java acce
-Controllers eg:DMA
22. Types of Cores
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 22
ASIC/VLSI chip: Application specific
Integrated circuit
-GPP/ASIP integrated with analog
circuits on VLSI chip using EDA tools.
ASSP:Application Specific System
Processor
-set top box
-Mpeg
-HD tv
eg:vedio Processors
Multicore Processors/Multiprocessor
using GPP
eg:Embedded firewall cum
Router
23. Power Sources,Clock and Reset Circuit
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 23
Power supply
-Own supply
-Supply from System
-Charge Pumps
Clock
-External Clock supply
-Oscillator
-RTC
Reset
-Power On
-External/Internal Reset
-WDT
-BOR
24. Memory Unit,Interrupt Handlers
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 24
Memory
ROM/EPROM/FLASH (internal/External)
RAM
Caches
Interrupt Handler
External port interrupt
I/O,Timer, RTC, interrupts
S/W Interrupt/Exceptions
Linking ES H/W
Multiplexers
Decodes
25. I/O communication Unit
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 25
I/O,O/P devices
-Sensors,
-actuators
-converters
-keypads
-displays
Buses
-Parallel Buses
-serial buses
26. S/W-ROM Image, Programming
Language
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 26
ROM Image
-Final Machine s/w
-Can be compressed code or data
-Distinct ROM image in distinct ES
Programming Languages
-Machine
-Assembly
-High Level
27. S/W-Device Driver, Managers
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 27
It connects external H/w with Processor
Controlling
Receiving
Sending
Part of OS
Manages device
Initializing
Testing
Detecting
Allocating port addresses
28. RTOS/OS
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 28
It performs functions
Multitasking
Scheduling
Management
Resource protection
Interprocess Communication
eg: Ucos-II, Vxworks, windows CE, RT
linux,QNX
29. Embedded Memories
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 29
Internal RAM at µc –SRAM used as reg, temp data,
stack
RAM AT SoC or External RAM
Internal/external caches at µp -hold copy of
system memory pages
External RAM chips -DRAM used to hold extra data
Flash EPROM/EEPROM -result stored in NV memory
ROM/PROM/MROM/OTP -Application S/W, OS
Memory addresses at system ports -RAM buffers
Memory Stick -large storage such as audio, video
30. I/O Devices
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 30
• DAC using PWM
• ADC
• LCD,LED and Touch Screen
• Keypad/keyboard/T9 keypad
• Pulse dialer
• Modem
• Transceiver
• Interrupt handler -mechanism to handle various
interrupts and also to deal with pending
services
31. Difference between RISC and CISC
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 31
RISC CISC
Reduced instruction set Complex Instruction set
Maximum instructions are
single cycle(fixed size),thus
supports pipelining
Variable size Instructions,so
generally do not have
pipelining
Orthogonal instruction set Non-Orthogonal
Operations are performed on
registers, so large no of
Registers.
For memory only Load and
Store
Operations are performed on
both registers and memory.
Limited number of GPRs
32. Difference between RISC and CISC
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 32
RISC CISC
Hardwired Control unit Microcode control Unit
Small in size with resp to die area
and No.of pins
Comparatively large in size since
more complex instruction needs
to be implemented.
Harvard architecture Harvard or Von-Neuman
Eg:PIC18,ARM 8051,8086
33. SoC
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 33
• System designed on a single chip
• Processor with all analog, digital and S/W
build on a single VLSI chip
35. SoC
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 35
It embeds
• EGPP or ASIP
• SPP or Multiprocessor
• N/W bus protocol
• Encryption and Dycryption
• Signal processing such as FFT,DCT
• Memories
• IP-Intellectual
• PLDs or FPGA
• Accelerators or other logic and analog units
36. IP-Intellectual Property
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 36
• A standard source solution for synthesizing a
higher level component by configuring an
FPGA core/VLSI core
• Components-gate level sophistication in
circuits above that of counter, register,
multiplier, FLU and ALU
37. H/W and S/W Co-Design
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 37
38. H/W and S/W Co-Design
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 38
• Joint optimization of H/W and S/W to
optimize design metrics
• S/W and H/W partitioning at early stage
• Both proceed in parallel with interactions and
feedback
• System specification required
• H/W synthesis
• S/W synthesis
• Simulation
• Implementation
40. Levels of Abstraction from Top to Bottom
• Requirements
• Specifications
• Architecture
• Components
• System Integration
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 40
41. Requirement
Complete clarity of:
• Required Purpose
• Inputs
• Outputs
• Functioning
• Design metrics
• Validation requirements for finally developed
system specifications
• Consistency in the requirements
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 41
42. Specifications
• Clear specification of customer expectations
from the product
• Needs specification for
– H/W, eg: Peripherals, Divices,Processors and
memory specifications
– Data types and processing specifications
• Expected system behavior specifications
• Constraints of design
• Expected lifecycle specifications of the
product
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 42
43. Specifications
• Process specifications analyzed by making list
of I/Ps on event list, O/Ps on events, process
activated on each event
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 43
44. S/W Architectural Layers
• How the different elements- data structures,
data bases, algorithms, control functions,
state transition functions, process, data and
program flow are to be organized
• Data base and Data structure design-
appropriate for given problem
Eg: tree like structure
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 44
45. H/W Components
• Processors, ASIP, Single Processors
• All Types of Memory as per requirement
• Internal and External peripherals and
devices
• Ports and Buses in the system
• Power sources and battery
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 45
46. Design Examples
• ACVM
• Smart Card
• Digital Camera
• Mobile phones
• Mobile Computer
• Set of Robots
Friday, September 04, 2015 By AMRUTA CHINTAWAR 46