Introduction to COMPUTER’S MEMORY RAM and ROM

1. 1
COMPUTER’S
MEMORY
Random Access Memory (RAM) and
Read Only Memory (ROM)
C. P. Divate

2. INTRODUCTION
• What is Memory?
• The essential component of the computer is its Memory. It is assembled
on the motherboard as it is a storage device used for storing data and
instructions for performing a task on the system.
• A memory is used to store data and instructions. It is the storage space
in a computer, where data is to be processed and all the instructions are
stored that are required for processing. In simple words, it works just
like a human brain where we can store memories.
• Storage devices are hardware devices that are capable of storing and
fetching data. Hard drives or optical discs are an example of such
storage devices.
• Without memory, the computer can't perform a single task.

3. INTRODUCTION
• What is Memory?

4. Types of Memory

5. Primary Memory (Main Memory)
• It is also referred to as Main Memory. It is volatile. The reason behind is, Primary
memory holds only those data and instructions on which the computer is currently
working that is it does not store the data permanently.
• It also stores the operating system and data required to run the computer.
• It is a limited capacity memory and data or information is lost when power is
switched off. Primary Memory is generally constructed with a semiconductor
device.
• Registers are much faster than these memories but it is faster than secondary
memory.
• It contains all the data and instructions that are required to be processed.
• It is further divided into two subcategories RAM and ROM.

6. Types of Primary Memory

7. INTRODUCTION

8. Random Access Memory (RAM)
• It is Random Access Memory because of the random selection
of memory locations. It performs both read and writes
operations on memory. It stores data temporarily.
• If power failures happen in the system during memory access
then you will lose your data permanently. So, RAM is a
volatile memory.
• RAM categorized into following types:
• DRAM(Dynamic RAM)
• SRAM (Static RAM)

9. Random Access Memory (RAM)
• RAM is further classified into two types-
• SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) and
• DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory).

10. • a) SRAM (Static random access memory)
• It holds data in a static form, that is, as long as the memory has the
power as the dynamic RAM, it is not needed to refresh it again and
again.
• Static RAM provides faster access to data and is more expensive
than DRAM as each cell must contain multiple transistors.
• SRAM does not use capacitors.
• SRAM is also highly recommended for use in PCs, peripheral
equipment, printers, LCD screens, hard disk buffers, router buffers
and buffers in CDROM / CDRW drives.

11. • b) Dynamic RAM (Dynamic random access memory)
• It is a type of random-access memory used in computing devices. It
is made up of capacitors and transistors.
• This type of memory uses separate capacitors or transistors to
stores each bit of data and it has two states of value in one bit called
0 and 1.
• As compared with other RAM's it is less expensive.
• Data were written by DRAM at the byte-level.
• In DRAM, data is written at the byte-level and it reads data at the
multiple-byte page level.
• DRAM requires less power than other RAMs.

12. • ii) ROM (Read Only Memory)
• ROM offers huge types of standards to save data as it is a
permanent memory location. But it works with the read-only
operation. whenever power failure occurs during the ROM memory
work in computers then no data lose happens.
• It is Used where the programming requires no change and also in
embedded systems or.
• It is Used in peripheral devices and calculators.
• Types of Read Only Memory (ROM)
• PROM (Programmable read-only memory)
• EPROM (Erasable Programmable read only memory)
• EEPROM (Electrically erasable programmable read only memory)

13. • PROM (Programmable read-only memory)
• Developers created a type of ROM known as programmable read-
only memory (PROM) because Creating ROM chips from scratch
are time-consuming and very expensive.
• It can be coded by the user. Once coded, the data and instructions in
it cannot be changed.
• It is used to store permanent data in digital electronic devices.
• It can be bought at a low cost as compared to other RAMs.

14. • b) EPROM (Erasable Programmable read only memory)
• This is the type of memory that can be reprogrammed. We can erase
data from it and reprogram it that is erase all the previous data by
using high voltage Ultraviolet light.
• It is required to erase each cell in EPROM.

15. • c) EEPROM (Electrically erasable programmable read only memory)
• The data can be erased and reprogrammed by applying an electric
charge. There is no need for ultraviolet light and we can erase only
portions of the chip.
• It was a replacement for PROM and EPROM chips and later it is
used for computer's BIOS.
• Configurations parameters are stored by using EEPROM. In
modern computers, they replaced BIOS CMOS memory.
• It is required that data to be written or erased by EEPROM one byte
at a time.