The mass analyzer is the heart of the mass spectrometer, which takes ionized masses and separates them based on mass to charge ratios. There are several general types of mass analyzers, including magnetic sector, time of flight, quadrupole, ion trap
introduction and principle of Mass spectrometry with its components.
ionization , accelerators deflection and detection, types of MS, different types of ion sources , types of mass analyzers , advantages and disadvantages of different types of ion source and mass analyzers, different types of detectors for the ions dectections
ION CHROMATOGRAPHY , THE CHROMATOGRAPHY BASED ON ITS TYPES LIKE RESINS AND MORE ITS TYPES OFION EXCHANGE RESINS, THE DIFFERENT TYPES HAVE DIFFERENT ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
introduction and principle of Mass spectrometry with its components.
ionization , accelerators deflection and detection, types of MS, different types of ion sources , types of mass analyzers , advantages and disadvantages of different types of ion source and mass analyzers, different types of detectors for the ions dectections
ION CHROMATOGRAPHY , THE CHROMATOGRAPHY BASED ON ITS TYPES LIKE RESINS AND MORE ITS TYPES OFION EXCHANGE RESINS, THE DIFFERENT TYPES HAVE DIFFERENT ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
This slide discusses the principle, instrumentation, process, detectors, sample ,solvents used in mass spectroscopy and also its applications and limitations.
Mass Analyzers for example Magnetic Sector Mass Analyzer, Double Focusing Mass Analyzer, Quadroupole Mass Analyzer, Time of Flight Mass Analyzer and Applications of Mass Analyzer were explained
Electron Spray Ionization (ESI) and its ApplicationsNisar Ali
In this slide ,You will get to learn Electron Spray Ionization (ESI) technique used in Mass Spectroscopy and its Various Application in Pharmaceutical Drug Analysis.
various parts of mAss spectroscopy, applications, principle, peaks, rules, typical mass spectra, various combinations, Fragmentation, rules of fragmentation and useful points which can help Chemical and analytical students and structural elucidation.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy, History, atomization techniques, and instrume...Muhammad Asif Shaheeen
History, principle, types, instrumentation, comparison with atomic emission spectroscopy, interference, advantages and disadvantages of different types of atomization techniques.
Localising Charged Particles by Electric and Magnetic Fields
the trapping of charged particles
Prepared By : Mohamed Fayed Mohamed Ali
Email : M10513fayed@gmail.com
This slide discusses the principle, instrumentation, process, detectors, sample ,solvents used in mass spectroscopy and also its applications and limitations.
Mass Analyzers for example Magnetic Sector Mass Analyzer, Double Focusing Mass Analyzer, Quadroupole Mass Analyzer, Time of Flight Mass Analyzer and Applications of Mass Analyzer were explained
Electron Spray Ionization (ESI) and its ApplicationsNisar Ali
In this slide ,You will get to learn Electron Spray Ionization (ESI) technique used in Mass Spectroscopy and its Various Application in Pharmaceutical Drug Analysis.
various parts of mAss spectroscopy, applications, principle, peaks, rules, typical mass spectra, various combinations, Fragmentation, rules of fragmentation and useful points which can help Chemical and analytical students and structural elucidation.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy, History, atomization techniques, and instrume...Muhammad Asif Shaheeen
History, principle, types, instrumentation, comparison with atomic emission spectroscopy, interference, advantages and disadvantages of different types of atomization techniques.
Localising Charged Particles by Electric and Magnetic Fields
the trapping of charged particles
Prepared By : Mohamed Fayed Mohamed Ali
Email : M10513fayed@gmail.com
mass spectrometry for pesticides residue analysis- L4sherif Taha
This is the fourth and the last lecture in series of lectures on mass spectrometry for pesticides residue analysis. this lecture present the commonly used mass to charge analyzer for pesticides residue analysis.
X-RAY GENERATOR CIRCUIT DIAGRAM , PRODUCTION OF X-RAYS AND INTRACTION OF X-RAY WITH MATTER.
THIS PRESENTATION CONSISTS LOT OF ANIMATIONS YOU WOULD LOVE TO WATCHING IT.
JUST DOWNLOAD AND ENJOY
Cell migration, a key property of live cells, is the process by which cells move from one location to another. There are numerous ways to study cell migrations. Creative Proteomics offers tailored cell migration services and powerful analysis for your research.
https://www.creative-proteomics.com/services/cell-migration-assay.htm
A brief introfuction of label-free protein quantification methodsCreative Proteomics
If you want to know more about our services, please visit https://www.creative-proteomics.com/services/label-free-quantification.htm.
Label-free protein quantification is a mass spectrometry-based method for identifying and quantifying relative changes in two or more biological samples instead of using a stable isotope-containing compound to label proteins.
If you want to know more, please visit https://www.creative-proteomics.com/s...
Stable isotope labeling using amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) is a powerful method based on mass spectrometry that identifies and quantifies relative differential changes in protein abundance. First used in quantitative proteomics in 2002, it provides accurate relative quantification without any chemical derivatization or manipulation.
Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Quantification: iTRAQ Creative Proteomics
For more information, please visit: https://www.creative-proteomics.com/services/itraq-based-proteomics-analysis.htm
iTRAQ (isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation), is an isobaric labeling method to determine the amount of proteins from different sources in just one single experiment by mass spectrometry, which was developed by Applied Biosystems Incorporation in 2004.
If you want to know more, please visit https://www.creative-proteomics.com/services/short-chain-fatty-acids-analysis-service.htm. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are defined as fatty acids with two to six carbon atoms. SCFAs have a wide range of metabolic effects. And SCFA profiling has been a major topic in gut bacteria studies.
For more information, you can visit https://www.creative-proteomics.com/services/protein-post-translational-modification-analysis.htm. In this video, we introduce some commonly used methods to detect PPIs and techniques for proteome-scale interactome maps.
Brief Introduction of Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs)Creative Proteomics
For more information, please visit https://www.creative-proteomics.com/services/protein-protein-interaction-networks.htm. Protein-protein interactions play important roles in various biological processes. PPIs can be classified based on different factors, including composition, affinity, and lifetime.
Peptidomics represents a short version of “peptide proteomics", which means the comprehensive visualization and analysis of small polypeptides, thus covering the mass range between proteomics and metabonomics.
Mass Spectrometry-based Peptidomics for Biomaker DiscoveryCreative Proteomics
Biomarkers are molecules that indicate a physiological state and also the change during a disease process. In human bodies, peptidome biomarkers can be used to forecast disease, diagnose various disorders, guide clinical therapy, and monitor medicine response. The mass spectrometry-based peptidomics for biomarker discovery contains sample preparation, separation, detection and identification, quantitative evaluation, data analysis, as well as biomarkers validation.
Protein phosphorylation, a reversible process, is characterized by adding phosphate donated from ATP and removing phosphate from a phosphorylated protein substrate. For more information, please visit: https://www.creative-proteomics.com/services/phosphorylation.htm
Protein acetylation commonly has two different forms. In humans, almost (80%-90%) proteins become co-translationally acetylated at their Nα-termini of the nascent polypeptide chains. Another type is typically acetylated on lysine residues.
Mass spectrometry (MS) is the suitable method for the analysis of protein modifications because it can provide universal information about protein modifications without a priori knowledge and locating the sites of modification.
If you are interested in our services, please visit: https://www.creative-proteomics.com/services/protein-post-translational-modification-analysis.htm
Brief introduction of post-translational modifications (PTMs)Creative Proteomics
PTMs are chemical alterations to protein structure, typically catalyzed by exceedingly substrate-specific enzymes, which themselves are under strict control by PTMs. They generate a large diversity of gene products because many types of PTMs are covalently attached to amino-acid residues in each protein. For protein post-translational modification analysis at Creative Proteomics, please visit https://www.creative-proteomics.com/services/protein-post-translational-modification-analysis.htm
Glycomics, the study of glycans, is applied to biology and chemistry that focuses on the structure and function of carbohydrates, and on glycoform distributions at the cellular, tissue, organ and organism levels. Mass spectrometry plays an important role in glycomics analysis. If you want to know more, please visit https://www.creative-proteomics.com/services/glycomics-service.htm
Western blot is a commonly used method for protein analysis. It can be used for qualitative and semi-quantitative protein analysis. For the accomplishment of the western blot, there are three elements, separation of proteins by size, transferring proteins to a solid support, and marking proteins by primary and secondary antibodies for visualization.
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) is considered a powerful tool for proteomics work. 2-DE separates proteins depending on two differ steps: the first one is called isoelectric focusing (IEF) which separates proteins according to isoelectric points (pI); the second step is SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) which separates proteins based on the molecular weights.
Our website: www.creative-proteomics.com
Membrane proteins play important roles in various cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, immune response, metabolism and signal transduction. They are popular targets for proteomics research and the common candidates for drug development. Shotgun proteomics methods are available for the identification of membrane proteins.
The de novo peptide sequencing is a method for peptide sequencing performed without prior knowledge of the amino acid sequence. It uses computational approaches to deduce the sequence of peptide directly from the experimental MS/MS spectra.This method can obtain the peptide sequences without a protein database. It can be used for un-sequenced organisms, antibodies, peptides with posttranslational modifications, and endogenous peptides.
Proteomics studies play an increasing role in the field of biology. The use of mass spectrometry (MS) in combination with a range of separation methods is the main principal methodology for proteomics. The two principal approaches to identifying and characterizing proteins using MS are the “bottom-up”, which analyze peptides by proteolytic digestion, and “top-down”, which analyze intact proteins.
Peptide mass fingerprinting is a technology to identify proteins. It is a high throughput protein identification technique in which the mass of an unknown protein can be determined. PMF is always performed with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Introduction of mass spectrometer - basic types of mass analyzer
1. Introduction of mass spectrometer
Presented by Creative Proteomics
www.creative-proteomics.com
basic types of mass analyzer
2. Inlet System
Ion source Mass Analyzer Detector
Data System
The general components of mass spectrometry
3. Basic Types of Mass Analyzer
Magnetic Sector Time of Flight Quadrupole Ion Trap
Ions are deflected by the
magnetic field according
to masses of ions.
An ion of m/z is determined
through a time
measurement
Only the ions of a particular
m/z show a stable trajectory
and are transmitted to the
detector.
An ion trap is a device that
uses an oscillating electric
field to store ions.
4. Magnetic Sector Mass Analyzer
•The ions enter the flight tube and are
deflected by the magnetic field.
•When similar ions pass through the
magnetic field, they all will be deflected to
the same degree and will all follow the
same trajectory path.
Deflection
Detection
5. 𝑡 = 𝑑 ×
1
2𝑉
×
𝑚
𝑒
• m:mass
• e:electric charge
• V:accelerating voltage
Detector
Pusher
Ion source
• Consists of a pulsed ion
source, an accelerating grid, a
field-free flight tube, and a
detector.
• The reflection increases
resolution by narrowing the
broadband range of flight
times for a single m/z value.
Time of Flight (TOF) Mass Analyzer
+
+
+
+
d
Flight tube
V
Detector
6. +
+-
-
• Consists of four parallel metal rods. Each opposing rod pair is connected together
electrically, and a radio frequency (RF) voltage with a direct current (DC) offset voltage is
applied between one pair of rods and the other.
• For a given DC/RF combination, only ions of a certain m/z pass through the quadrupole
filter and all other ions are thrown out of their original path.
-
-
+ +
Quadrupole Mass Analyzer
DC and RF
voltages
7. • An ion trap is a device that uses an oscillating electric field to store ions.
• There are several type of ion trap: 3D ion trap, linear ion trap, orbitrap ion trap, Fourier
transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR)
Ion Trap Mass Analyzer
++++
3D ion trap OrbitrapLinear ion trap Fourier Transform Ion
Cyclotron Resonane
8. • Consists of a cylindrical ring electrode and two end-cap electrodes.
• A mass spectrum is obtained by changing the electrode voltages to eject the ions from the
trap.
3D Ion Trap
End-cap
electrod
Ring electrode
Ring electrode
End-cap
electrod
++++
3D ion trap
9. • A set of quadrupole rods to confine ions
radially and a static electrical potential on
the end electrodes to confine the ions axially.
• They are confined by application of
appropriate RF and DC voltages with their
final position maintained within the center
section of the ion trap
• The RF voltage is adjusted and multi-
frequency resonance ejection waveforms are
applied to the trap to eliminate all but the
desired ions in preparation for subsequent
fragmentation and mass analysis.
Linear Ion Trap
Linear ion trap
10. • Moving ions are trapped in an electrostatic field
• The electrostatic field which ions experience
inside the orbitrap forces them to move in
complex spiral patterns
• The axial component of these oscillations can be
detected as an image current on the two halves
of an electrode encapsulating the orbitrap
• A Fourier transform is employed to obtain
oscillation frequencies for ions with different
m/z
Orbitrap Ion Trap
Orbitrap ion trap
11. • The FT-ICR mass spectrometer consists of three main sections.
• Ion cyclotron resonance
Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR)
Excitation
plates
detector
plates
Trapping
plates
Magnetic
field
FID Frequency
spectrum
Fourier
Transformation
RF
12. • Schwartz J C, Senko M W, Syka J E P. A two-dimensional
quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Journal of the American
Society for Mass Spectrometry, 2002, 13(6): 659-669.
• Scigelova M, Makarov A. Orbitrap mass analyzer–overview and
applications in proteomics. Proteomics, 2006, 6(S2): 16-21.
References