The document discusses DNA extraction as a method to purify DNA from various samples using physical and chemical techniques. It highlights the significance of DNA, RNA, and protein extraction in molecular studies, diagnostics, and forensic science, emphasizing the choice of extraction method based on sample type and planned usage. Key steps in effective nucleic acid purification are outlined, alongside the importance of DNA isolation in medical and forensic applications.

1. Introduction to Extraction

2. What is extraction?
• is a method to purify DNA by using physical
and/or chemical methods from a sample
separating DNA from cell membranes,
proteins, and other cellular components

3. Importance & the application of
DNA ,RNA or protein extraction
molecular
studies
diagnosis forensic science
vaccine
development
Pharmaceuticals
expression
analysis
biomedical
research
molecular
diagnostics

4. Choosing best extraction method depend on
Sample
source
• microorganism
• Human
• Soil
• Leaf extract
Sample type
• blood
• Urine
• Biopsy
• sputum
Nucleic Acid
type
• RNA
• DNA
Planned
usage
• PCR
• Sequencing
• Fingerprinting
• SDS-PAGE
Sample
quantity

5. Sample types
Blood Urine biopsy Sputum
In mucous samples like nasal discharges,
sputum, and intestinal loops, it is good first to
decrease the viscosity of the material (using a
mucolytic agent). Gram-positive bacteria are
treated with lysozyme; yeasts with zymolyase
and paraffin-embedded tissues are treated with
xylene to remove the paraffin

7. EFFECTIVE NUCLEIC ACID PURIFICATION REQUIRES
FOUR KEY STEPS
Disruption of cells and tissues
Denaturation of nucleoprotein complexes
Removal of contaminants
Precipitation of the nucleic acid

8. Importance OF DNA ISOLATION in medical
biology
study the genetic cause
of a particular disease
and develop its
diagnostics
forensic sciences (for
crime investigations(
determining paternity
genetic engineering for
modifications in plants
and animals
DNA-based cloning
and blotting