DNA can be isolated from cells through lysis and separation steps. Genomic DNA isolation involves lysing cells to release DNA, separating DNA from other cell components using phenol-chloroform extraction, and precipitating DNA with alcohol. Plasmid DNA isolation is similar but uses alkaline lysis to separate circular plasmid DNA from linear genomic DNA based on their ability to renature. DNA quantity and purity can be assessed using a spectrophotometer, with higher 260/280 ratios indicating purer DNA.
There are 'n' number of DNA isolation methods depending on the sample type, final use of DNA product, etc. This presentation gives an overall idea about different methods of DNA isolation in a simplified way.
Nucleic Acid Quantification Methods - DNA / RNA Quantificationajithnandanam
Nucleic acids are quantified to check the concentration and purity of DNA/RNA present in the solution mixture.it is important to know the concentration and purity of the nucleic acid for the use in further applications like PCR, restriction digestion etc. Spectrophotometric analysis is the most commonly used method of quantifying DNA, agarose gel electrophoresis can also be used to analyse the DNA sample for purity.
STS stands for sequence tagged site which is short DNA sequence, generally between 100 and 500 bp in length, that is easily recognizable and occurs only once in the chromosome or genome being studied.
A real-time polymerase chain reaction is a laboratory technique of molecular biology based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It monitors the amplification of a targeted DNA molecule during the PCR, i.e. in real-time, and not at its end, as in conventional PCR.
https://www.patreon.com/biotechlive
SUPPORT EDUCATION... SUPPORT US
There are 'n' number of DNA isolation methods depending on the sample type, final use of DNA product, etc. This presentation gives an overall idea about different methods of DNA isolation in a simplified way.
Nucleic Acid Quantification Methods - DNA / RNA Quantificationajithnandanam
Nucleic acids are quantified to check the concentration and purity of DNA/RNA present in the solution mixture.it is important to know the concentration and purity of the nucleic acid for the use in further applications like PCR, restriction digestion etc. Spectrophotometric analysis is the most commonly used method of quantifying DNA, agarose gel electrophoresis can also be used to analyse the DNA sample for purity.
STS stands for sequence tagged site which is short DNA sequence, generally between 100 and 500 bp in length, that is easily recognizable and occurs only once in the chromosome or genome being studied.
A real-time polymerase chain reaction is a laboratory technique of molecular biology based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It monitors the amplification of a targeted DNA molecule during the PCR, i.e. in real-time, and not at its end, as in conventional PCR.
https://www.patreon.com/biotechlive
SUPPORT EDUCATION... SUPPORT US
Techniques of DNA Extraction, Purification and QuantificationBHUMI GAMETI
Introduction
The overall process…
Uses of isolated genomic DNA
Extraction of DNA from plant material
Components of DNA extraction solutions
Cell Lysis or Cell disruption :
Purification of DNA
CTAB Method
Phenol–chloroform extraction
PROTEINASE K
Salting out
Silica adsorption method
Magnetic beads
FTA Paper
Nucleic acid quantification
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
UV spectroscopy
DNA quantification using NanoDrop
in this presentation, what are the steps and strategies involved the gene cloning and i was focused only on the 1st two steps of gene cloning.they are generation of foreign DNA molecules and selection of suitable vectors.
The technique of molecular biology like DNA isolation, RNA isolation, PCR, Western blot, RFLP, etc was developed with development in science. This presentation includes the method of DNA and RNA isolation and their Quantification techniques.
Basics of DNA isolation, What is chemistry behind it. Presently the laboratory of animal science department ,Göttingen university using this technique for dna isolation in pig blood sample.
Techniques of DNA Extraction, Purification and QuantificationBHUMI GAMETI
Introduction
The overall process…
Uses of isolated genomic DNA
Extraction of DNA from plant material
Components of DNA extraction solutions
Cell Lysis or Cell disruption :
Purification of DNA
CTAB Method
Phenol–chloroform extraction
PROTEINASE K
Salting out
Silica adsorption method
Magnetic beads
FTA Paper
Nucleic acid quantification
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
UV spectroscopy
DNA quantification using NanoDrop
in this presentation, what are the steps and strategies involved the gene cloning and i was focused only on the 1st two steps of gene cloning.they are generation of foreign DNA molecules and selection of suitable vectors.
The technique of molecular biology like DNA isolation, RNA isolation, PCR, Western blot, RFLP, etc was developed with development in science. This presentation includes the method of DNA and RNA isolation and their Quantification techniques.
Basics of DNA isolation, What is chemistry behind it. Presently the laboratory of animal science department ,Göttingen university using this technique for dna isolation in pig blood sample.
molecular biology techniques -jaypee university of information technology- ra...RAVI RANJAN
molcular biology techniques- ravi ranjan lb-
contents- basic molecular biology techniques - DNA and RNA isolation from plant sample, nanodrop technique, pcr and cloning.
Back to basics: Fundamental Concepts and Special Considerations in RNA IsolationQIAGEN
RNA integrity and quality are critical to obtain meaningful and reliable downstream data. This slidedeck details the challenges and considerations of handling RNA samples, RNA stabilization, the need for quality control analysis and common methods for RNA integrity and quality assessment.
Study of cloning vectors and recombinant dna technologySteffi Thomas
Study of cloning vectors, restriction endonuclease and DNA ligase, Recombinant DNA technology, Application of genetic engineering in medicine, Application of rDNA technology and genetic engineering in the production of interferons, Vaccines-hepatitis-B, Hormones-Insulin, Brief introduction to PCR
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
The ASGCT Annual Meeting was packed with exciting progress in the field advan...
Dna isolation Principle
1. DNA & PLASMID ISOLATION
VPB-321: Animal Biotechnology
VPB 321
2. BASICS
•What is DNA?
• What is the DNA made up of?
• What are the chemical properties of DNA?
• Where is the DNA located?
VPB 321
3. WHAT IS DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
The blueprint for the life.
It is a molecule that encodes the
genetic instructions used in the
development and functioning of all
known living organisms .
DNA is a polymer or string of
nucleotides.
Nucleotide is composed of a sugar,
a nitrogen base and a phosphate
backbone.
VPB 321
8. Stacking
interactions
Charge repulsion
Chargerepulsion
The forces affecting the stability of the
DNA double helix includes:
Hydrophobic interactions - at outside
and inside helps in stabilizing structure.
Stacking interactions - these vander
Waals forces are weak yet stabilizes the
double helix.
Hydrogen bonding - Faciliates stacking.
Electrostatic interactions- DESTABILIZES
This electrostatic interaction is primarily
due to negative phosphates.
It affects intrastrand and interstand
inetractions. But can be neutralized with
positive charges e.g., Na+ ions or
CHEMISTRY OF DNA
VPB 321
9. Where is/are the DNA located?
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Plastids
Bacterial nucleoid
Plasmids
Plasmids
VPB 321
10. .
Genomic DNA
(SINGLE COPY)
Plasmid DNA
(MULTIPLE COPY)
1. Genomic DNA is chromosomal DNA where the
genetic material is present.
1. Plasmid DNA is extra-chromosomal DNA in bacteria
and some yeasts, i.e. Plasmid.
2. It is primary DNA in all living organisms. 2. It is secondary DNA.
3. It is linear in eukaryotes whereas circular in
prokaryotes
3. It is circular.
4. As it encodes genetic information, it is much larger
than plasmid.
4. It is smaller.
5. Genomic DNA is organized with proteins called
histones.
5. Plasmid DNA is not with histones.
6. It contains essential genes which codes for
functional and structural proteins.
6. It contains non-essential genes.
7. It can be transferred only through cell division
within the same species.
7. It can be transferred through horizontal way of gene
transfer between same or different species.
VPB 321
12. DNA ISOLATION vs DNA EXTRACTION
DNA ISOLATION
Isolation aims to get as much of the
target out of your sample as possible.
Along the step of isolation one usually
picks up quite a bit of contamination.
DNA EXTRACTION
Extraction is just one specific way to
achieve isolation and purification.
Extraction uses a solvent that serves as
extractant and can be devided in above
stages:
1) Gentle lysis of the cells / solubilization of
DNA or isolation
2) Removal of contaminants (proteins, RNA
and other macromolecules) or the so-
called purification is achieved either by
enzymatic or chemical means.
https://www.researchgate.net/
VPB 321
13. DIFFERENT SOURCES FOR DNA ISOLATION
DNA can be isolated from all the types living cells and fossilsized cells
containing nucleus or nucleiod or semi autonomous organelles. The
viral DNA can also be isolated.
For example: Blood, other body fluids, bacterial culture etc.
We will overview: Genomic DNA isolation from blood, plasmid DNA
isolation and bacterial genomic DNA isolation
VPB 321
15. BASIC DIFFERENCES
Genomic DNA (gDNA) extraction is the simpler procedure because strong lysis is
the only step necessary to release gDNA into solution. For yeast, plants and
bacteria, lysis involves enzymatically breaking the strong, rigid cell wall before
mechanically disrupting the plasma membrane.
VPB 321
16. STEPS
STEPS:
1. Lysis or cells disruption
2. Phase seperation
3. Clearing proteins
4. Precipitating DNA
VPB 321
17. 1. Lysis or cells disruption
Extraction buffer and lysis buffer and incubation at 65°C.
These extraction/ lysis buffer contains a high concentration of chaotropic salts.
Firstly, they destabilize hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions, leading to
destabilization of proteins, including nucleases. Secondly, they disrupt the association of nucleic acids
with water.
NaCl : phosphate of DNA molecule repel one molecule from others. Na+ ions form an ionic bond
with phosphates and neutralized the negative charge allowing DNA molecules grouping.
EDTA (Ethylenediamine tetraceticacid): chelating agent with high affinity to metallic ions of Mg,
DNAse cofactors (enzymes that degrade the DNA). EDTA bind to ions and overturn its effects.
CTAB (Hexadecyl trimethyl-ammonium bromide): detergent used to break cellular membranes
and remove lipids
Other stabilizer agents : Protinase-K, Tris HCl, sorbitol, sodium bisulphite, DTT, detergents: SDS
(remove lipids), sarkosyl, triton, PVP (bind to polyphenols- components of vegetable cellular
wall-removing), 2-mercaptoethanol (denature proteins).
VPB 321
18. GRAM NEGATIVE VS GRAM POSITIVE - LYSIS
The presence of a high peptidoglycan content in
the cell walls of Gram positive bacteria is a major
hurdle in the isolation of DNA.
So it’s resistance to conventional methods of lysis .
Lysozyme + detergents such as SDS ensures better
lysis of the Gram positive cell wall .
Penicillins* which is known for interfering in the
assembly of N-Acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-
Acetylmuramic acid (NAM) moieties during Gram
positive cell wall synthesis can also solve the
purpose.
*De, Sachinandan et al. “A Simple Method for the Efficient Isolation of Genomic DNA from Lactobacilli Isolated from Traditional Indian Fermented
Milk (Dahi).” Indian Journal of Microbiology 50.4 (2010): 412–418. PubMed Central. Web.
VPB 321
19. BLOOD DNA ISOLATION -LYSIS
Enzymes may also feature LYSIS
of RBC and WBC in presence of
lysisbuffer.
The broad-spectrum serine
protease proteinase K is also
very efficient in digesting
proteins away from nucleic acid
preparations.
VPB 321
21. ROLE OF PHENOL
DNA is negatively charged molecule, therefore soluble in
polar solvent like water. Whereas proteins has both polar
(hydrophilic) and non polar (hydrophobic) side chains amino
acids.
In cell normally the DNA remain dissolved in polar phase and
the proteins tend to fold in such a way that their hydrophilic
or polar groups face outward in solvent and the hydrophobic
toward inside.
On adding phenol, proteins flip since phenol is less polar
than water.
Now, therefore protein (also lipids) becomes soluble in
phenol or non polar phase and DNA in water phase. In such a
way we acheive separation of DNA from proteins (lipids).
VPB 321
22. ROLE OF PHENOL & ISOAMYL ALCOHOL
Chloroform is significantly
denser than water, so adding it
to the organic phase increases
the overall density of that
phase, helping to prevent
phase inversion.
Sometimes, the choloroform
when added next to the P:C
treatment, helps in extracting
phenol from the aqueous
solution
Isoamyl alcohol acts as anti-
foaming agent.
VPB 321
23. 3. CLEARING OUT
PROTEINS
Proteins are eliminated adding a
protease and increasing the
osmolarity (sodium acetate or
ammonium acetate)
DNA precipitates with alcohol –
usually pure and could ethanol or
isopropanol (2-propanol). Because
DNA is non-soluble in alcohol,
precipitate and form a pellet in the
bottom of the tube after
centrifugation.
This step also remove alcohol soluble
salts.
DNA cleans with 70% ethanol, dry
and dilute in TE buffer (protect DNA
from degradation) or sterile distilled
water.
4. PRECIPITATING
DNA
VPB 321
24. BLOOD DNA ISOLATION PROTOCOL
GENOMIC DNA ISOLATION FROM HUMAN WHOLE BLOOD SAMPLES BY NON ENZYMATIC
SALTING OUT METHOD. SUGUNA et. al. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol 6, Issue 6, 2014VPB 321
30. STEPS
Plasmid DNA extraction is a bit
trickier because plasmid DNA must
be kept separate from gDNA.
This separation is based on size, and
good separation relies on using the
right lysis method.
STEPS:
1. ALKALINE Lysis or cells disruption
2. Phase seperation
3. Clearing proteins
4. Precipitating DNA
VPB 321
31. ALKALINE LYSIS?
For plasmid DNA extraction, the lysis has to be a lot more subtle. Firstly
perform a SDS bases lysis as done in case of gDNA.
Next the sample is neutralized in a potassium acetate solution to
renature the plasmid, and this is key to the separation of plasmid and
gDNA.
Because plasmids are small, they can easily reanneal forming dsDNA.
Genomic DNA, however, is too long to reanneal fully, and instead it tends
to tangle so that complimentary strands remain separated.
During centrifugation, gDNA (bound to protein) forms a pellet while
plasmid DNA remains soluble.
It is key at this step not to vortex or mix the sample vigorously because
gDNA breaks easily, and broken gDNA may be small enough to reanneal
and go into solution with the plasmid.VPB 321
32. PLAMSID DNA ISOLATION PROTOCOL
He, Fanglian. “Plasmid DNA Extraction from E. Coli Using Alkaline Lysis Method.” BIO-PROTOCOL 1.1 (2011): n. pag. CrossRef. Web. 8 Apr.
2017.
VPB 321
36. 2. Espectrophotometer/ nanometer- quantitative
Gives the 260/ 280 ratio which
tells us about purity of DNA.
260/280 = 1.8 stable
260/280 = 2.0 >
(contaminated with proteins)
260/280 = 1.6 <
(contaminated with RNA)
Also it quantifies and displays
concentration of DNA in ng/ul.
VPB 321