Intrauterine Growth Restriction
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Ahmed Walid Anwar Morad, Professor Obstetrics and Gynecology Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)
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pregnancy dating, assessment gesational age
accurate assessment of gestational age by certain mensrtual data and clinical examination may have dating discrepancy with the ultrasound. this ppt critically addresses such issues
Intrauterine growth restriction Intrauterine growth restriction
This document discusses intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), including definitions, health burden, classification, etiology, pathophysiology, screening, prevention, diagnosis, interventions, management, and long-term outcomes. IUGR is defined as a fetus that does not achieve expected in utero growth potential due to genetic or environmental factors. It affects about 10% of live births and is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Causes include fetal, maternal, placental, and environmental factors. Screening involves ultrasound and Doppler assessments. Management involves timing of delivery based on gestational age and severity. IUGR is associated with short and long-term complications.
Intrauterine growth restriction
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) refers to fetuses that are small for their gestational age and display signs of chronic hypoxia or failure to thrive. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and can be caused by fetal, placental or maternal factors that restrict the fetus's growth. Diagnosis involves measuring fetal growth via ultrasound and Doppler to assess blood flow. Management focuses on identifying and treating the underlying cause, optimizing maternal nutrition, and monitoring the fetus for signs of worsening condition or need for delivery. The risks of IUGR include complications for both mother and baby during pregnancy, birth, and long term health issues.
Fetal growth restriction:Evidence based management 2018
DGF CME on 29th January 2018
Evidence based management of fetal growth restriction latest update
Reduced fetal movements
Reduced fetal movements affect 5-15% of pregnancies and women should contact their medical provider if they experience a reduction in movements after 28 weeks of gestation. A number of factors can influence a woman's perception of fetal movements. Evaluation of reduced fetal movements includes assessing the fetal heart rate with Doppler, fetal growth with ultrasound, and biophysical profile in high-risk cases. Recurrent reduced fetal movements or risk factors may warrant increased surveillance with non-stress tests and ultrasounds. Management depends on gestational age and other risk factors.
Fetal Medicine
Fetal medicine is an upcoming branch of Obstetrics where the fetus is given the primary care right from screening to diagnosis and management of a fetal problem. Read more at http://bangalorefetalmedicine.com/
Overview of IUGR FGR
Fetal growth restriction (FGR), formerly called intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), refers to a condition in which an unborn baby is smaller than it should be because it is not growing at a normal rate inside the womb.
Mild FGR usually doesn't cause long-term problems. In fact, most babies who have it catch up in height and weight by age 2. But severe FGR can seriously harm a baby before and after birth. The extent of the problems depends on the cause and how severe the growth restriction is. It also depends on what point in the pregnancy it starts.
Multiple pregnancy
The document discusses multiple pregnancy, including the embryology and classification of twins as monozygotic or dizygotic. It covers the etiology, diagnosis, and maternal and fetal complications of multiple pregnancies. The management of multiple pregnancies is also addressed, including the treatment of conditions like twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.
Recommended
pregnancy dating, assessment gesational age
accurate assessment of gestational age by certain mensrtual data and clinical examination may have dating discrepancy with the ultrasound. this ppt critically addresses such issues
Intrauterine growth restriction Intrauterine growth restriction
This document discusses intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), including definitions, health burden, classification, etiology, pathophysiology, screening, prevention, diagnosis, interventions, management, and long-term outcomes. IUGR is defined as a fetus that does not achieve expected in utero growth potential due to genetic or environmental factors. It affects about 10% of live births and is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Causes include fetal, maternal, placental, and environmental factors. Screening involves ultrasound and Doppler assessments. Management involves timing of delivery based on gestational age and severity. IUGR is associated with short and long-term complications.
Intrauterine growth restriction
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) refers to fetuses that are small for their gestational age and display signs of chronic hypoxia or failure to thrive. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and can be caused by fetal, placental or maternal factors that restrict the fetus's growth. Diagnosis involves measuring fetal growth via ultrasound and Doppler to assess blood flow. Management focuses on identifying and treating the underlying cause, optimizing maternal nutrition, and monitoring the fetus for signs of worsening condition or need for delivery. The risks of IUGR include complications for both mother and baby during pregnancy, birth, and long term health issues.
Fetal growth restriction:Evidence based management 2018
DGF CME on 29th January 2018
Evidence based management of fetal growth restriction latest update
Reduced fetal movements
Reduced fetal movements affect 5-15% of pregnancies and women should contact their medical provider if they experience a reduction in movements after 28 weeks of gestation. A number of factors can influence a woman's perception of fetal movements. Evaluation of reduced fetal movements includes assessing the fetal heart rate with Doppler, fetal growth with ultrasound, and biophysical profile in high-risk cases. Recurrent reduced fetal movements or risk factors may warrant increased surveillance with non-stress tests and ultrasounds. Management depends on gestational age and other risk factors.
Fetal Medicine
Fetal medicine is an upcoming branch of Obstetrics where the fetus is given the primary care right from screening to diagnosis and management of a fetal problem. Read more at http://bangalorefetalmedicine.com/
Overview of IUGR FGR
Fetal growth restriction (FGR), formerly called intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), refers to a condition in which an unborn baby is smaller than it should be because it is not growing at a normal rate inside the womb.
Mild FGR usually doesn't cause long-term problems. In fact, most babies who have it catch up in height and weight by age 2. But severe FGR can seriously harm a baby before and after birth. The extent of the problems depends on the cause and how severe the growth restriction is. It also depends on what point in the pregnancy it starts.
Multiple pregnancy
The document discusses multiple pregnancy, including the embryology and classification of twins as monozygotic or dizygotic. It covers the etiology, diagnosis, and maternal and fetal complications of multiple pregnancies. The management of multiple pregnancies is also addressed, including the treatment of conditions like twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.
Fgr report
This document summarizes fetal growth disorders. It discusses the three phases of fetal growth and factors that can affect growth. It also describes fetal growth restriction and macrosomia (fetal overgrowth). For growth restriction, it covers diagnosis, risk factors, prevention, and management approaches. For macrosomia, it discusses risk factors and potential maternal and neonatal complications, as well as recommendations regarding diagnosis and management to prevent shoulder dystocia.
PLACENTA ACCRETA
This document discusses placenta accreta syndrome, including risk factors, diagnostic methods, and management strategies. It begins with an overview of placenta accreta classifications. Ultrasound and MRI are important diagnostic tools, with ultrasound being the primary method. Risk factors include prior c-sections, placenta previa, and uterine surgeries. Early diagnosis allows for elective c-section and interventions like arterial embolization to reduce bleeding. Hysterectomy is often needed to control hemorrhage but conservative approaches aim to preserve the uterus. Proper multidisciplinary care and prevention of delays in management can improve outcomes for this serious condition.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) / Small For gestational Age
This document discusses fetal growth restriction (FGR), also known as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). It defines FGR as fetal weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age, indicating failure to reach genetic growth potential and increased risks. It describes the normal phases of fetal growth and classifications of IUGR. It outlines risk factors, potential complications, diagnostic methods including ultrasound assessments, and management approaches including monitoring, medical interventions and timing of delivery.
Fetal growth restriction
This document provides information from Dr. Kirtan Vyas about fetal growth restriction (FGR). It discusses the challenges in identifying and managing FGR. Key points include:
1) Timely identification of FGR is difficult but crucial for proper management and a favorable neonatal outcome, as it is the second leading cause of perinatal mortality after prematurity.
2) FGR remains extensively studied but still confusing and controversial to researchers.
3) The major concern with FGR is not the small size of the fetus but the possibility of life-threatening fetal compromise.
4) Screening approaches, management recommendations, and postnatal care for babies with FGR are discussed.
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Investigations for iufd & sb, how to select?
Standard investigations for IUFD include maternal blood tests, Kleihauer test, serology for TORCH and syphilis, random blood glucose, HbA1c, and thyroid tests. Foetal and placental investigations include microbiology, karyotype, and post-mortem examination. Selective investigations may also be considered depending on clinical assessment and history, such as maternal coagulation tests if DIC is suspected, bacteriology if infection is suspected, and thrombophilia screening if placental disease is suspected. The diagnostic yield is highest with post-mortem examination of the baby and placenta, though consent is required. The cause remains unknown in about half of IUFD cases even after investigation.
Umblical cord presentation
The document discusses the anatomy and abnormalities of the umbilical cord that can be identified on prenatal ultrasound. It provides details on the normal structure of the cord including the umbilical vessels and Wharton's jelly. Common abnormalities discussed include short or long cord length, umbilical cord cysts, single umbilical artery, velamentous or furcate cord insertion, and umbilical cord coiling abnormalities. Associations of various cord abnormalities with adverse pregnancy outcomes are also summarized.
Fetal biophysical profile
This document discusses the biophysical profile, a technique used to assess fetal well-being through 5 parameters: non-stress test (NST), fetal breathing, fetal movements, muscle tone, and amniotic fluid volume. It describes how each parameter is evaluated and provides details on interpreting results. Abnormal results in the biophysical profile are associated with conditions like IUGR and placental insufficiency and may indicate the need for delivery. The document also reviews other tests used to monitor fetal health like contraction stress tests, acoustic stimulation, and Doppler ultrasound assessments of fetal and placental blood flow.
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Intrauterine growth restriction
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) refers to fetuses that are small for their gestational age and display signs of chronic hypoxia or failure to thrive. IUGR can be caused by fetal, placental, or maternal factors that restrict the fetus's growth. Complications of IUGR include perinatal mortality, stillbirth, meconium aspiration, and long term risks of heart disease and diabetes. Diagnosis involves monitoring fundal height, ultrasound measurements, and determining if a fetus's measurements are below the 10th percentile for gestational age. IUGR babies require close monitoring due to risks of complications.
USG AND DOPPLER IN DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF IUGR
This document discusses the use of ultrasound and Doppler in the diagnosis and management of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). It defines small for gestational age (SGA) as a fetus below the 10th percentile and describes how Doppler of the umbilical artery can help identify fetuses with IUGR, monitor disease progression, and predict outcomes. Doppler of other fetal vessels like the middle cerebral artery and ductus venosus can further evaluate the fetus and help guide management decisions. Together, Doppler studies provide both diagnostic and prognostic information useful in the care of growth restricted fetuses.
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Doppler ultrasound is used in obstetrics to evaluate fetal growth and well-being. It assesses blood flow in the umbilical artery (placental circulation), middle cerebral artery (fetal circulation), and uterine arteries (maternal circulation). Abnormal Doppler readings include increased resistance and absent/reversed end diastolic flow in the umbilical artery, which indicate placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction. The middle cerebral artery Doppler shows the brain-sparing effect in hypoxic fetuses. Together, Doppler ultrasound provides important information about the fetus's condition and helps time delivery.
Doppler in pregnancy
This document discusses the role of color Doppler ultrasound in antepartum fetal surveillance. It begins by outlining the purposes of fetal surveillance, which include reducing fetal death and optimizing delivery timing. It then discusses various maternal and fetal conditions that require increased surveillance due to risks of chronic hypoxia. The document covers different methods of antepartum surveillance and provides detailed explanations of Doppler ultrasound principles, techniques like uterine and umbilical artery Doppler, and how abnormal Doppler readings can predict complications like fetal growth restriction.
Bad obstetric history
This document discusses evaluating and managing bad obstetric history (BOH). BOH refers to previous disappointments in childbearing like miscarriages, stillbirths, preterm births, or other complications. A detailed history and medical record review aims to identify recurrent or non-recurrent causes. Common causes include pre-eclampsia, inherited or acquired thrombophilia, parental genetic disorders, anatomical factors, endocrine issues, and infections. Investigation may include screening tests for these conditions. Management focuses on modifying identified risks in the current pregnancy through treatments like low-dose aspirin for pre-eclampsia risk and close monitoring throughout pregnancy. The goal is to learn from past pregnancies to optimize outcomes in future pregnancies.
Placenta accreta
The document discusses placenta accreta, a condition where the placenta invades and attaches abnormally to the uterine wall. It has increased in incidence 10-fold over the past 50 years due to rising cesarean delivery rates. Risk factors include placenta previa, prior uterine surgery, and increasing maternal age and parity. Ultrasound and MRI can be used to diagnose placenta accreta prenatally based on signs like lack of a hypoechoic zone between the placenta and uterus. Management options for severe postpartum hemorrhage from placenta accreta include uterine packing, arterial ligation, hysterectomy, and the B-Lynch compression suture
intra uterine fetal growth restriction
This case report describes a 23-year-old primigravida woman admitted at 36 weeks and 3 days gestation for suspected fetal growth restriction based on serial ultrasounds. On examination, fundal height was found to be 32 weeks while ultrasound estimated fetal weight was approximately 2 kg below expected. The patient's history and lab results did not reveal any significant maternal factors that could account for the growth restriction. A diagnosis of probable fetal growth restriction was made pending further evaluation and monitoring of the fetus.
Intrauterine growth restriction
1. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to fetuses that are small for gestational age and display signs of chronic hypoxia or failure to thrive. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies.
2. IUGR can be classified as symmetrical/intrinsic or asymmetrical based on whether growth restriction affects all parameters equally or causes brain sparing. The causes include placental insufficiency, infections, genetic and structural fetal anomalies, and various maternal medical conditions and lifestyle factors.
3. Complications of IUGR include perinatal mortality and morbidity as well as long term risks of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Diagnosis involves identifying high risk mothers, accurate dating by ultrasound,
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Cervical and broad ligament fibroids are rare; with incidence of only 2% and 1% respectively.
Cervical fibroid often present with pressure symptoms and often pose surgical difficulties due to its proximity to bladder and rectum.
Broad ligament fibroid though rare , but have the propensity of growing into large adnexal masses and may mimic ovarian malignancy.
Biophysical profile
A biophysical profile is a prenatal test which is used to check on a baby's well-being. The test combines the fetal heart rate monitoring (NST- Non Stress Test) and fetal ultrasound to evaluate a Fetal heart rate, movements, breathing, muscle tone and amniotic fluid level.
Intrauterine growth restriction
This document discusses fetal growth disorders including intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). It defines key terms like SGA, discusses causes and risk factors for IUGR like placental insufficiency. It outlines methods for detecting and monitoring IUGR fetuses including ultrasound measurements and Doppler assessments. It also presents a staging system for managing IUGR pregnancies based on ultrasound and Doppler findings with recommendations for surveillance and timing of delivery.
IUGR.pptx
1. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to failure of a fetus to reach its growth potential and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. (2) IUGR can be caused by fetal, placental, or maternal factors that restrict fetal growth. Common causes include infections, structural abnormalities, vascular dysfunction, and nutritional deficiencies. (3) Diagnosis involves assessing risk factors, ultrasound measurements of fetal size, amniotic fluid levels, and Doppler studies of blood flow. Management focuses on treating underlying causes, monitoring the fetus, and determining the optimal time for delivery to balance fetal and neonatal risks.
Intrauterinegrowthrestriction 130120060505-phpapp02 - copy
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to fetuses that are small for their gestational age. It can be symmetric/intrinsic or asymmetric based on whether all growth parameters are proportionally small or whether the head is spared. Symmetric IUGR is caused by early placental insufficiency affecting cell number, while asymmetric IUGR occurs later from reduced nutrient/oxygen supply, sparing the brain. Diagnosis involves serial fundal height measurements, ultrasound to assess growth parameters and placental grading, and monitoring for complications like stillbirth.
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This document summarizes fetal growth disorders. It discusses the three phases of fetal growth and factors that can affect growth. It also describes fetal growth restriction and macrosomia (fetal overgrowth). For growth restriction, it covers diagnosis, risk factors, prevention, and management approaches. For macrosomia, it discusses risk factors and potential maternal and neonatal complications, as well as recommendations regarding diagnosis and management to prevent shoulder dystocia.
PLACENTA ACCRETA
This document discusses placenta accreta syndrome, including risk factors, diagnostic methods, and management strategies. It begins with an overview of placenta accreta classifications. Ultrasound and MRI are important diagnostic tools, with ultrasound being the primary method. Risk factors include prior c-sections, placenta previa, and uterine surgeries. Early diagnosis allows for elective c-section and interventions like arterial embolization to reduce bleeding. Hysterectomy is often needed to control hemorrhage but conservative approaches aim to preserve the uterus. Proper multidisciplinary care and prevention of delays in management can improve outcomes for this serious condition.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) / Small For gestational Age
This document discusses fetal growth restriction (FGR), also known as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). It defines FGR as fetal weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age, indicating failure to reach genetic growth potential and increased risks. It describes the normal phases of fetal growth and classifications of IUGR. It outlines risk factors, potential complications, diagnostic methods including ultrasound assessments, and management approaches including monitoring, medical interventions and timing of delivery.
Fetal growth restriction
This document provides information from Dr. Kirtan Vyas about fetal growth restriction (FGR). It discusses the challenges in identifying and managing FGR. Key points include:
1) Timely identification of FGR is difficult but crucial for proper management and a favorable neonatal outcome, as it is the second leading cause of perinatal mortality after prematurity.
2) FGR remains extensively studied but still confusing and controversial to researchers.
3) The major concern with FGR is not the small size of the fetus but the possibility of life-threatening fetal compromise.
4) Screening approaches, management recommendations, and postnatal care for babies with FGR are discussed.
Antenatal corticosteroid warda
This document discusses antenatal corticosteroids, which are steroids administered to women at risk of preterm birth to accelerate fetal lung maturation. Antenatal corticosteroids are associated with significant reductions in neonatal mortality, respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, and other complications. They are generally recommended for women between 24-34 weeks gestation at risk of preterm birth. A single course is considered safe for the mother and fetus, while multiple courses require more research on long-term effects. The optimal dosage is 12mg of betamethasone administered intramuscularly in two doses.
Investigations for iufd & sb, how to select?
Standard investigations for IUFD include maternal blood tests, Kleihauer test, serology for TORCH and syphilis, random blood glucose, HbA1c, and thyroid tests. Foetal and placental investigations include microbiology, karyotype, and post-mortem examination. Selective investigations may also be considered depending on clinical assessment and history, such as maternal coagulation tests if DIC is suspected, bacteriology if infection is suspected, and thrombophilia screening if placental disease is suspected. The diagnostic yield is highest with post-mortem examination of the baby and placenta, though consent is required. The cause remains unknown in about half of IUFD cases even after investigation.
Umblical cord presentation
The document discusses the anatomy and abnormalities of the umbilical cord that can be identified on prenatal ultrasound. It provides details on the normal structure of the cord including the umbilical vessels and Wharton's jelly. Common abnormalities discussed include short or long cord length, umbilical cord cysts, single umbilical artery, velamentous or furcate cord insertion, and umbilical cord coiling abnormalities. Associations of various cord abnormalities with adverse pregnancy outcomes are also summarized.
Fetal biophysical profile
This document discusses the biophysical profile, a technique used to assess fetal well-being through 5 parameters: non-stress test (NST), fetal breathing, fetal movements, muscle tone, and amniotic fluid volume. It describes how each parameter is evaluated and provides details on interpreting results. Abnormal results in the biophysical profile are associated with conditions like IUGR and placental insufficiency and may indicate the need for delivery. The document also reviews other tests used to monitor fetal health like contraction stress tests, acoustic stimulation, and Doppler ultrasound assessments of fetal and placental blood flow.
Basics of early pregnancy scan.pptx
Role of trrans vaginal sonography in early pregnancy as to detect abnormal gestations,early detection of aneuploidies.Study markers for trisomies 13,18,21
Intrauterine growth restriction
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) refers to fetuses that are small for their gestational age and display signs of chronic hypoxia or failure to thrive. IUGR can be caused by fetal, placental, or maternal factors that restrict the fetus's growth. Complications of IUGR include perinatal mortality, stillbirth, meconium aspiration, and long term risks of heart disease and diabetes. Diagnosis involves monitoring fundal height, ultrasound measurements, and determining if a fetus's measurements are below the 10th percentile for gestational age. IUGR babies require close monitoring due to risks of complications.
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This document discusses the use of ultrasound and Doppler in the diagnosis and management of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). It defines small for gestational age (SGA) as a fetus below the 10th percentile and describes how Doppler of the umbilical artery can help identify fetuses with IUGR, monitor disease progression, and predict outcomes. Doppler of other fetal vessels like the middle cerebral artery and ductus venosus can further evaluate the fetus and help guide management decisions. Together, Doppler studies provide both diagnostic and prognostic information useful in the care of growth restricted fetuses.
Doppler in obstetric power point presentation (4)
Doppler ultrasound is used in obstetrics to evaluate fetal growth and well-being. It assesses blood flow in the umbilical artery (placental circulation), middle cerebral artery (fetal circulation), and uterine arteries (maternal circulation). Abnormal Doppler readings include increased resistance and absent/reversed end diastolic flow in the umbilical artery, which indicate placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction. The middle cerebral artery Doppler shows the brain-sparing effect in hypoxic fetuses. Together, Doppler ultrasound provides important information about the fetus's condition and helps time delivery.
Doppler in pregnancy
This document discusses the role of color Doppler ultrasound in antepartum fetal surveillance. It begins by outlining the purposes of fetal surveillance, which include reducing fetal death and optimizing delivery timing. It then discusses various maternal and fetal conditions that require increased surveillance due to risks of chronic hypoxia. The document covers different methods of antepartum surveillance and provides detailed explanations of Doppler ultrasound principles, techniques like uterine and umbilical artery Doppler, and how abnormal Doppler readings can predict complications like fetal growth restriction.
Bad obstetric history
This document discusses evaluating and managing bad obstetric history (BOH). BOH refers to previous disappointments in childbearing like miscarriages, stillbirths, preterm births, or other complications. A detailed history and medical record review aims to identify recurrent or non-recurrent causes. Common causes include pre-eclampsia, inherited or acquired thrombophilia, parental genetic disorders, anatomical factors, endocrine issues, and infections. Investigation may include screening tests for these conditions. Management focuses on modifying identified risks in the current pregnancy through treatments like low-dose aspirin for pre-eclampsia risk and close monitoring throughout pregnancy. The goal is to learn from past pregnancies to optimize outcomes in future pregnancies.
Placenta accreta
The document discusses placenta accreta, a condition where the placenta invades and attaches abnormally to the uterine wall. It has increased in incidence 10-fold over the past 50 years due to rising cesarean delivery rates. Risk factors include placenta previa, prior uterine surgery, and increasing maternal age and parity. Ultrasound and MRI can be used to diagnose placenta accreta prenatally based on signs like lack of a hypoechoic zone between the placenta and uterus. Management options for severe postpartum hemorrhage from placenta accreta include uterine packing, arterial ligation, hysterectomy, and the B-Lynch compression suture
intra uterine fetal growth restriction
This case report describes a 23-year-old primigravida woman admitted at 36 weeks and 3 days gestation for suspected fetal growth restriction based on serial ultrasounds. On examination, fundal height was found to be 32 weeks while ultrasound estimated fetal weight was approximately 2 kg below expected. The patient's history and lab results did not reveal any significant maternal factors that could account for the growth restriction. A diagnosis of probable fetal growth restriction was made pending further evaluation and monitoring of the fetus.
Intrauterine growth restriction
1. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to fetuses that are small for gestational age and display signs of chronic hypoxia or failure to thrive. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies.
2. IUGR can be classified as symmetrical/intrinsic or asymmetrical based on whether growth restriction affects all parameters equally or causes brain sparing. The causes include placental insufficiency, infections, genetic and structural fetal anomalies, and various maternal medical conditions and lifestyle factors.
3. Complications of IUGR include perinatal mortality and morbidity as well as long term risks of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Diagnosis involves identifying high risk mothers, accurate dating by ultrasound,
Cervical and broad ligament fibroid
Cervical and broad ligament fibroids are rare; with incidence of only 2% and 1% respectively.
Cervical fibroid often present with pressure symptoms and often pose surgical difficulties due to its proximity to bladder and rectum.
Broad ligament fibroid though rare , but have the propensity of growing into large adnexal masses and may mimic ovarian malignancy.
Biophysical profile
A biophysical profile is a prenatal test which is used to check on a baby's well-being. The test combines the fetal heart rate monitoring (NST- Non Stress Test) and fetal ultrasound to evaluate a Fetal heart rate, movements, breathing, muscle tone and amniotic fluid level.
Intrauterine growth restriction
This document discusses fetal growth disorders including intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). It defines key terms like SGA, discusses causes and risk factors for IUGR like placental insufficiency. It outlines methods for detecting and monitoring IUGR fetuses including ultrasound measurements and Doppler assessments. It also presents a staging system for managing IUGR pregnancies based on ultrasound and Doppler findings with recommendations for surveillance and timing of delivery.
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IUGR.pptx
1. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to failure of a fetus to reach its growth potential and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. (2) IUGR can be caused by fetal, placental, or maternal factors that restrict fetal growth. Common causes include infections, structural abnormalities, vascular dysfunction, and nutritional deficiencies. (3) Diagnosis involves assessing risk factors, ultrasound measurements of fetal size, amniotic fluid levels, and Doppler studies of blood flow. Management focuses on treating underlying causes, monitoring the fetus, and determining the optimal time for delivery to balance fetal and neonatal risks.
Intrauterinegrowthrestriction 130120060505-phpapp02 - copy
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to fetuses that are small for their gestational age. It can be symmetric/intrinsic or asymmetric based on whether all growth parameters are proportionally small or whether the head is spared. Symmetric IUGR is caused by early placental insufficiency affecting cell number, while asymmetric IUGR occurs later from reduced nutrient/oxygen supply, sparing the brain. Diagnosis involves serial fundal height measurements, ultrasound to assess growth parameters and placental grading, and monitoring for complications like stillbirth.
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Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is defined as failure of the fetus to reach growth potential and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It affects 3-10% of pregnancies and increases perinatal mortality rate by 5-20 times. Causes include fetal, placental and maternal factors like infections, structural anomalies, vascular diseases, nutritional deficiencies, and thrombophilias. Diagnosis involves assessing risk factors, fetal measurements and Doppler ultrasound. Management focuses on treating underlying causes, fetal monitoring, timing of delivery and neonatal care. Complications include stillbirth, fetal distress, hypoglycemia and long term risks of metabolic and neurological disorders. Prognosis depends on gestational age and prematurity, with increased
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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can be classified as symmetrical or asymmetrical based on ultrasound measurements of head and abdominal circumference. Symmetrical IUGR results in proportional growth restriction from early pregnancy insults while asymmetrical IUGR shows brain sparing and a decreased abdominal circumference from late pregnancy placental insufficiency. IUGR is diagnosed through clinical assessment, ultrasound measurements of fetal size below the 10th percentile, and abnormal Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical artery. Management depends on gestational age, with delivery near term for growth restriction and observation with fetal surveillance for earlier restriction unless severe complications arise. Long term risks for infants with IUGR include metabolic and neurological sequel
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IUGR refers to the failure of a fetus to achieve its genetic growth potential, resulting in a small for gestational age (SGA) baby below a particular weight centile. While SGA and IUGR are related, SGA only refers to weight below a centile and not an underlying pathological cause, as IUGR does. IUGR can be caused by factors directly affecting fetal growth like infections or chromosome defects, or external maternal or placental factors reducing support for growth like malnutrition or placental insufficiency. Diagnosis involves history, examination, ultrasound assessment of growth and amniotic fluid volume, and Doppler analysis of blood flow. Management focuses on underlying causes, with delivery often needed for severe cases. Outcomes range
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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to diminished fetal growth velocity documented by at least two growth assessments, whereas small for gestational age (SGA) describes an infant whose measurements fall below the 10th percentile. IUGR babies appear malnourished with poor fat stores compared to constitutionally small but normal SGA infants. IUGR is associated with 3-10% of pregnancies and carries risks of stillbirth, prematurity complications, and long term metabolic issues. Diagnosis involves identifying risk factors, serial ultrasounds assessing growth curves and Doppler flow, and management focuses on determining causes, monitoring fetal wellbeing, and timing of delivery to balance prematurity risks.
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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to failure of the fetus to reach growth potential and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It affects 3-10% of pregnancies and is a major contributor to stillbirths and perinatal mortality. IUGR can be symmetrical, affecting head, length and weight proportionally, or asymmetrical, affecting weight more than length and head. Causes include fetal abnormalities, infections, placental dysfunction, and maternal conditions like hypertension, malnutrition and smoking. Diagnosis involves serial ultrasounds to monitor fetal growth and Doppler studies to assess placental function. Management focuses on treating underlying maternal conditions, monitoring fetal wellbeing, and delivery planning if indicated.
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This document discusses fetal growth restriction (FGR), also known as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). It defines FGR as failure of a fetus to reach its genetic growth potential in utero, putting it at risk for perinatal mortality and morbidity. The document covers causes, diagnosis, surveillance, and management of FGR, with a focus on the role of Doppler ultrasound in assessing the fetus and timing of delivery. Key points include using umbilical, uterine, middle cerebral artery and ductus venosus Doppler to evaluate the fetus's circulation and response to placental insufficiency. Abnormal Doppler findings help determine the need for interventions like corticosteroids or timing of preterm delivery.
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This document discusses intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), including definitions, incidence, classification, etiology, diagnosis, complications, prevention, treatment, and management. Some key points:
- IUGR refers to failure of a fetus to reach its growth potential, putting it at risk of morbidity and mortality. SGA refers to weight below 10th percentile for gestational age.
- Incidence of IUGR is 3-5% of pregnancies. Perinatal mortality is 8-10 times higher for growth restricted fetuses.
- Etiology includes fetal, maternal, and placental factors like infections, vascular problems, and placental insufficiency.
- Diagnosis involves clinical
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This document outlines fetal growth restriction (FGR), including its causes, diagnosis, and management. FGR refers to a fetus that has failed to reach its growth potential and can be diagnosed based on measurements below the 10th percentile. It is a leading cause of stillbirth and newborn complications. Diagnosis involves frequent ultrasounds to monitor fetal size, proportions, and Doppler blood flow. Management depends on the severity and includes surveillance, dietary changes, medications to improve placental function, and timing of delivery. The goal is to balance fetal risks with the benefits of maintaining the pregnancy.
Iugr
This document provides an overview of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). It defines IUGR as fetuses with an estimated fetal weight below the 10th percentile. The prevalence of IUGR is 3-10% of pregnancies and carries high risks of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Causes of IUGR include fetal, placental and maternal factors. Diagnosis involves serial ultrasounds to monitor fetal growth and Doppler studies of blood flow. Management focuses on treating any underlying conditions, fetal monitoring, and timely delivery once the fetus is mature. Strict surveillance of at-risk newborns is also needed due to complications of IUGR.
Small For Gestational Age
The document discusses small for gestational age (SGA) babies. SGA refers to babies smaller than normal for the number of weeks of gestation. This can be due to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) where the fetus does not receive enough nutrients and oxygen. SGA can be caused by maternal health issues, placental problems, or fetal abnormalities. SGA babies are at risk for complications during delivery and after due to limited growth and oxygen restriction. Diagnosis involves measuring fetal size by ultrasound and fundal height checks during pregnancy and weighing the baby after birth compared to gestational age. Treatment focuses on ensuring temperature stability, adequate nutrition through feeding support, and monitoring for low blood sugar or oxygen levels in affected
Zoltan Veresh - Intrauterine growth retardation
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to impaired fetal growth and development due to reduced nutrient supply from the placenta. It affects 3-10% of pregnancies and increases risks of complications. Causes include fetal/genetic factors, maternal conditions, and placental insufficiency. Physical signs include disproportionately large head and wasted appearance. Management involves monitoring with tests like biophysical profile and timely delivery when indicated. Long term risks include increased mortality and morbidity as well as potential adult health issues. Prevention focuses on treating underlying maternal conditions and risk factors.
Iugr by dr derar ismerat
1. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a complication of pregnancy where the fetus does not attain its full growth potential, affecting up to 10% of pregnancies.
2. Risk factors for IUGR include maternal conditions, fetal anomalies, infections, and placental insufficiency. Abnormal umbilical artery Doppler is associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes.
3. Serial ultrasounds and Doppler studies are used to monitor fetal growth and well-being. Timing of delivery depends on gestational age and severity of IUGR.
Oligohydramnios and IUGR
This document discusses oligohydramnios and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). It begins by explaining the functions of amniotic fluid, including allowing fetal movement, swallowing, breathing, and preventing umbilical cord compression. It then defines oligohydramnios as a decreased amniotic fluid index or single deepest pocket, and notes its association with uterine size smaller than gestational age and IUGR. Complications of oligohydramnios include limb deformities and pulmonary hypoplasia. The document also discusses evaluating and managing cases of oligohydramnios and IUGR, including admission, testing, monitoring fetal distress, and indications for delivery.
INTRAUTERINE FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION.pdf
The document discusses intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), including its definition, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, classification, diagnosis, management, and complications. IUGR, also known as fetal growth restriction, is diagnosed when a fetus is estimated to weigh less than the 10th percentile for gestational age based on ultrasound. Proper diagnosis involves serial fundal height measurements and ultrasound assessment of fetal size, amniotic fluid levels, and umbilical and cerebral doppler studies. Management may include monitoring, delivery timing based on test results, and treatment of any underlying maternal conditions. Complications of IUGR include stillbirth, neonatal difficulties, and long-term developmental issues.
IUGR
This document discusses intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), defined as restricted fetal growth where the fetus does not reach its growth potential. IUGR complicates 5-10% of pregnancies and is a leading cause of stillbirths. It can be difficult to diagnose and distinguish SGA babies from those with true IUGR. The document outlines various causes of IUGR including maternal, fetal, and placental factors. Screening involves fundal height measurements, ultrasound assessments of biometric measures and Doppler of umbilical artery blood flow. Abnormal Doppler readings and estimated fetal weight below the 3rd percentile are strongly associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Management involves surveillance and timing of delivery depends on underlying etiology and gestational age.
Low birth Weight and Prematurity.pptx
Prematurity refers to infants born before 37 weeks gestation. Key terms include appropriate for gestational age (AGA), large for gestational age (LGA), and small for gestational age (SGA). Prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal mortality. For extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants under 1000g, the three primary causes of mortality are respiratory failure, infection, and congenital malformation. Infants under 1500g are considered very low birth weight (VLBW) and under 2500g are low birth weight. Ballard scoring and laboratory tests help assess prematurity and monitor for hypoglycemia, anemia, infection, and electrolyte levels. Management focuses on respiratory support, thermal regulation,
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Intrauterine Growth Restriction
- 1. Professor of OB/GYN Benha University 2018 Dr/ Ahmed Walid Anwar Morad
- 2. • Introduction. • FGR (IUGR) – Types – Causes – Recommendations • Take Home Message
- 7. Fetal growth patterns Normal: AGA Constitutional Decreased: SGA Pathological (IUGR) Increased: LGA Constitutional Pathological
- 8. Small–for–gestational age (SGA) • SGA refers to a fetal birth weight or abdominal circumference (AC) – < 10th centile (< 3rd centile→ Sever SGA) – < 2 standard deviation below the mean for gestational age as per the population growth charts. • May be: – Pathologic: True IUGR (FGR) – Non pathologic: Constitutional (Healthy SGA)
- 11. Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) • IUGR implies a pathological restriction of the genetic growth potential. • IUGR is not synonymous with SGA. • IUGR fetuses may manifest evidence of fetal compromise (abnormal Doppler studies, reduced liquor volume). • Low birth weight (LBW) refers to an infant with a birth weight < 2500 g.
- 12. IUGR • Perinatal mortality 120/1000 • 2nd leading contributor to the Perinatal mortality rate • 40% of all stillbirths are FGR. • 50% FGR cases suffer intrapartum asphyxia. • Its early and proper identification and management lowers this perinatal mortality and morbidity
- 18. Recommendation for management of intrauterine growth restriction
- 28. Take Home Message IUGR I AM A FETUS IN THE WOMBʺ I FEAR IT MAY BECOME MY TOMB IF ONLY I GIVE A SHOUT TO MAKE MY DOCTOR GET ME OUTʺ
- 29. Take Home Message • IUGR is associated with high perinatal morbidity and mortality. • IUGR remains a challenging problem to clinicians • The foremost priority is to establish the dating criteria and further identify the modifiable risk factors and optimize the maternal systemic disease.
- 30. Take Home Message • Proper management may reduce the associated perinatal morbidity and mortality • Screening, diagnosis & management should be evidence based