FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, SHER-E-KASHMIR UNIVERSITY OF ARRICULTURAL SCIENCES WADURA SOPORE

1. FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, SKUAST-K, WADURA SOPORE, 193201

2. GROUP F (BATCH-2014)

4. • ZAKIR AMIN (45-Ag-14)
• SHARFA (41-Ag-14)
• RUKAYA (32-Ag-14)
• NASEER AH DAR (82-Ag-14)
• MUSHTAQ AH PAUL (81-Ag-14)
• INSHA ALI (35-Ag-14)
• TAHMEENA BANO (08-Ag-14)
• IQRA MUSHTAQ (33-Ag-14)
• JASIYA KHAN (56-Ag-14)
• MARIYA (87-Ag-13)
• MEHREEN (93-Ag-13)

5. VILLAGE ADOPTED

6. VILLAGE ACTIVITIES
• TRANSECT WALK TO VILLAGE GUND
BRATH
• MEETING WITH LUMBARDAR
• SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY OF THE
VILLAGE
• VISIT TO DIFFERENT INSTITUTES AND
HEALTH CENTRE OF THE VILLAGE.

10. NAME OF THE VILLAGE
GUND BRATH
PANCHAYAT HALQA GUND BRATH
TEHSIL BOMAI
DISTRICT BARAMULLA
BLOCK ZAINAGEER
PIN CODE 193201

12. POPULATION
DYNAMICS
18%
38%
34%
10%
Age group
0-15 years
15-30 years
30-60 years
60 years
&above

13. INTERPRETATIONS: -
• Females are mainly confined to their home.
• Males BREAD EARNERS
81.61%
18.39%
MALE LITERACY RATE
literate illiterate
58%
42%
FEMALE LITERACY
RATE
literate illiterate
Average Literacy: 70.36%

14. MAIN WORKERS INCLUDE:
• MASONS
• CARPENTERS
• DRIVERS
• TAILORS
MARGINAL WORKERS INCLUDE:
• PRUNERS
• Persons engaged in apple picking, packaging, paddy harvesting, paddy
threshing etc.

15. : FARMING
: VERY LESS NUMBER
SOURCE OF LIVELIHOOD :
• AGRICULTURE
• HORTICULTURE
• POULTRY
• LIVESTOCK

16. • AREA UNDER AGRICULTURE: 138.05 ha
• AREA UNDER HORTICULTURE: 86.9 ha
• AREA UNDER RESIDENTIAL HOUSES: 6.25 ha
• PASTURES : 31.9ha
SOURCE: PATWARI HALQA SEELO

17. AGRICULTURAL CROPS

18. Varieties Cultivated China-1039 (90%) & K-448(10%)
Nursery Bed Preparation Last week of April
Seed sowing 1st week of May
Seed Rate 7-10 kg/kanal
Land Nursery Area 10 Marlas for 1hectare
No. of Seedlings/hill 6-8
Age of Seedling at the time of transplanting 40 days
Transplanting Time June
Herbicide Machete @1.5kg/kanal
Fertilizer Dose per hectare Urea(200Kg), DAP(200Kg) & MOP(200Kg)
Average Yield 5-5.5t/ha
Paddy Cultivation in Village Gund Brath

20. FARMER'S MANAGEMENT:
• No management strategies were
followed by farmer.
SUGGESTIONS :
• Procure seed from an authorized
dealer/agriculture departments
• Split nitrogen fertilizer application in
two or more treatments. Excessive
use of fertilizer can increase blast
intensity.
• Use Systemic fungicides like
Tricyclozole @ 0.6%, Ediphenphos @
0.1% or Carbendazim(1g)+
Mancozeb@2g/litre of water.
• Integrate use of resistant varieties
with good cultural practices (proper
field selection for nursery raising,
seeding rate, fertilization and
flooding).

22. SUGGESTIONS PROVIDED TO FARMERS
• PROPER DRAINAGE
• PROCURE SEED FROM AUTHENTIC SOURCES OR AGRICULTURAL
DEPARTMENTS.
• USE NEW AND HIGH YIELDING VARIETIES RELEASED BY SKUAST-K
i.e., SHALIMAR RICE 1.
• FOLLOW SKUAST-K RECOMMENDATIONS ON SEED AND
FERTILIZER RATES.
• Use Blast Resistant Variety released by SKUAST-K
(Shalimar Rice 1).
• Information about GKMS (Gramien Krishi Mousam Seva)
was given to the farmers.
• The farmers were thrusted upon the efficient use of the
farm residues and the better ways to utilize it by following
the composting methodologies.

23. Parameters MAIZE BEANS
VARIETY LOCAL LOCAL(TRIPASH)
SEED RATE 5kg/k 4kg/k
Fertilizer Dose
(Urea, DAP,MOP)
3-4Kg/ Kanal in equal proportion
Weeding Two hand Hoeings

24. • CUTWORM
• LOW YIELD
SUGGESTIONS PROVIDED;
• Use higher seed rate to compensate the loss.
• Deep summer ploughing can help to a great extent.
• Early sowing of maize (2nd to 3rd week of April).
• Application of Carbofuran 3G @32.5kg/ha or quinalphos
10% dust @ 25kg/ha.
• Use high yielding varieties for Maize (C6, C8, C15) as well
as for pole type beans (Canadian Red /Local Red)

26. PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDER:
BITTER PIT OF APPLE (Calcium Deficiency)

29. FARMER’S MANAGEMENT IN CANKER

31. Apple Pests at farmer’s field
SAN JOSE SCALE
APPLE LEAF
ROLLER
STEM BORERAPPLE LEAF ROLLER

32. Management by Farmers:
• Stem Borer: Petrol Injection followed by wrapping with
Nylon Bags
• San Jose Scale: Spray of HMO @ 3T/L
• Apple Leaf Roller: Spray of Coroban@ 12T/L.
• Spray the orchard during dormancy with diesel oil emulsion prepared locally
with fish oil soap at 6.33% (i.e., stock solution and water @ 1:7 ratio) or HMO’s
recommended by SKUAST-K @2% (2 L in 100 L water).
• In case the above spray has been missed, it may be done in late dormant
stage(mid-march to ending march) and in that event dilute the diesel oil
emulsion in 1:10 ratio or dilute the emulsion to 1.5%.
• In case of late dormant spraying, diesel oil + soap emulsion may be
impregnated with Ethion @100ml in 100 liter of spray able solution.
• At 80%petal Fall stage, spray chlorpyriphos @ 100ml in 100 L water or
endosulfan 140 ml in 100 lit. of water.
SUGGESTIONS PROVIDED TO FARMER’S
San Jose Scale

33. Bitter Pit Of APPLE

35. • KALE
• KNOL KHOL
• TOMATO
• CHILLI
• CABBAGE
• CUCURBITS
Problems:
Chili Wilt(Fusarium oxysporium)
Aphids in Knol khol (Bravicoryne
brassicae)
Cutworm in Tomato (Agrotis ipsilon)
Anthracnose in Chilies
(Collectoricum capsicae)

38. OBJECTIVES OF SOIL SAMPLING
• Evaluation of fertility status of soil.
• Determination of pH related problems of soil
i.e,acidity,salinity,alkalinity,etc.
• Recommendation of required amount of fertilizers i.e, lime or
gypsum based on the Soil test experimental values.
• To check the utility of the soil for cultivation of particular
crop.

40. Soil Analysis Report
Property Sample A Sample B Sample C
pH (1:2.5) 7.5(Slightly
alkaline)
7.0 (Neutral) 7.0(Neutral)
EC (dSm-1) 0.7 (Normal) 0.8(Moderate) 0.7(Normal)
OrganicC(%) Walkley &
Black Method
0.4(Low) 0.8(Medium) 0.2(Low)
N(kg/ha) Alkaline
Permanganate Method
235.2(Low) 203.84(Low) 201.61(Low)
P(kg/ha)Olsen Method 10.30(Medium) 9.60(Low) 9.85(Low)
K( kg / ha)Flame
Photometer
81.76(Low) 103.04(Low) 60.48(Low)

41. RECOMMENDATIONS BASED ON
SOIL TESTS

42. Distributing the Sample
Reports to the Farmers

43. Animals Breeds Purpose Milk
Yield/day
Rate/L Feed
Cattle
Jersey Milk 12L
Rs
27
Paddy
Straw,
grass from
Orchards,
Feed,
Wheat Saw,
Mustard
Cakes
Holstein
Friesian
Milk 10L
Kashmiri Milk, Meat 8L
Animal Breed Purpose Feed
Goats Kashmiri,
Bakarwali
Meat Paddy straw,
Bean Straw,
grass from
Orchards.
Bird Breed Purpose Feed
Chicken Kashmiri Meat
@250/kg
Rice and
Maize grains,
Leftover Rice
Duck Kashmiri Meat @
230/kg
Paddy grains
:

44. Cost of Cultivation of the Apple Orchard of a Respondent Farmer

45. Fixed Cost Ist Yr
2nd
Yr 3rd Yr
4th
Yr
5th
Yr
6th
yr 7th Yr
8th
Yr 9th Yr
Land Rent 12000 12500 12500 13000 14000 14500 15000 15500 16000
Revenue
Charges @
5/kanal 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75
Depreciation
on Farm
Implements 270 129.6 63.07 25.86 9270 5169.6 2935.87 1596.32 1291
Interest on
fixed capital
@ 12% 90 57.6 42.04 34.47 3631.37 2610 1972.8 1612.51 1416.39
Total Fixed
Cost 12435 12762.2 12680.11 13135.3 26976.4 22354.6 19983.67 18783.8 18782.4

46. Variable Cost
Plant Material @
Rs.16/plant 5280 480 160 0 0 0 0 0 0
Family Labor 900 1200 1300 1500 2500 3500 4400 5300 5700
Hired Labor 700 500 1000 1200 1500 1800 2200 2400 2700
Technical Hired
Labor 280 280 420 560 1300 2000 3500 6000 7500
Bullock Labor 400 400 500 600 800 800 0 0 0
Manure & Seeds 700 1200 1200 1800 3500 4200 6000 6000 7500
Plant Protection 0 0 450 600 2000 4600 5800 7000 12000
Spray Charges 0 0 0 0 0 150 200 250 350
Fertilizers
Urea 0 0 0 125 150 250 320 580 600
DAP 0 0 0 150 150 270 310 400 700
MOP 0 0 0 100 150 220 375 500 900
Expenditure on
Boxes/ Nails /
Papers etc 0 0 0 0 0 1600 2400 4500 9800
Transportation
Charges 0 0 0 0 0 600 850 1400 2350
Total V.Cost 8260 4060 5030 6260 12050 19990 26355 34330 50100
Interest on working
capital @6 %
441.6 171.06 223.8 285.6 573 989.4 1317.3 1741.8 2664
Total Variable Costs 8701.6 4231.06 5253.8 6545.6 12623 20979.4 27672.3 36071.8 52764
Total Cost of Cultivation 21136.6 16993.26 17933.91 19680.9 39599.4 43334 47655.97 54855.6 71546.4

47. Returns
Wood 0 0 500 1000 2000 3000 4500 5000 6000
Maize/Pulses/Gr
ass etc
4500 5000 8000 9000 9500 10000 11000 11000 12500
Fruit 0 0 0 0 5000 19000 32000 45000 89000
Total Returns 4500 5000 8500 10000 16500 32000 47500 61000 107500

48. Fixed Cost 10th yr 11th Yr 12th Yr 13th Yr 14th Yr 15th Yr
Land Rent 18000 19000 22000 22500 24000 25000
Revenue Charges @
5/kanal
75 75 75 75 75 75
Depreciation of
Implements’ / Farm
buildings
29790.5 22417.1 19251.5 14778.3 11930.6 8988.33
Interest on fixed
capital @ 12%
24631.4 21016.2 18346.4 16022.3 14263.2 12917.8
Total Fixed Cost 72496.9 62508.3 59673 53375.5 50268.8 46981.2

49. Variable Cost 10th yr 11th yr 12th yr 13th yr 14th 15th
Plant Material @ Rs.16/plant 0 0 0 0 0 0
Family Labour 4000 4200 4500 5100 5700 6000
Hired Labour 5000 5000 5500 6000 3500 3500
Technical hired Labour 8000 9200 13000 13000 14000 15000
Bullock Labour 0 0 0 0 0 0
Manure 8000 8000 8000 8800 9200 10000
Plant Protection 18000 26000 31000 37000 45000 51000
Spray Charges 600 1000 1200 1500 1500 2000
Fertilizers
Urea 600 900 1200 1200 1500 2100
DAP 1200 1800 2250 3000 3000 3000
MOP 1150 2100 2100 3500 3500 3500
Seeds 2000 2000 3000 3000 5000 2000
Expenditure on Boxes/ Nails
/ Papers etc 48000 73000 137000 148000 170000 208000
Transportation Charges 18000 27000 35000 28000 32000 30000
Total V.Cost 115950 160200 243750 259100 293900 322600
Interest on working capital @
6%
6717 9360 14335 15240 17292 18996
Grand Total of V.Cost 122667 169560 258085 274340 311192 341596

50. Returns 10th yr 11th yr 12th yr 13th yr 14th yr 15th yr
Wood 7500 9000 10000 10000 12000 13000
Maize/Pulses/Gras
s etc
13000 14500 14500 14500 15000 15000
Fruit 190000 390000 495000 570000 600000 650000
Total Returns 210500 413500 519500 594500 627000 678000

51. Present Value of returns and
costs of an apple orchard
Year Total costs Returns Net Income Discounting factor @
12%
Present Worth
1 21136.6 4500 -16636.6 0.8929 -14806.57
2 16993.26 5000 -11993.26 0.7972 -9474.67
3 17933.91 8500 -9433.91 0.7118 -6698.07
4 19680.9 10000 -9680.9 0.6355 -6098.96
5 39594.4 16500 -23099.4 0.5674 -12935.66
6 43334 32000 -11334 0.5066 -5667
7 47655.97 47500 -155.97 0.4523 -70.18
8 54855.6 61000 6144.4 0.4038 2457.76
9 71546.4 107500 35953.6 0.3606 12934.29
10 195163.9 210500 15336.1 0.3219 4907.55
11 232068.3 413500 181431.7 0.2874 50800.87
12 317758 519500 201742 0.2566 50435.5
13 327715.5 594500 266784.5 0.2291 58692.59
14 361460.8 427000 265539.2 0.2046 53107.84
15 388577.2 678000 289442.8 0.1827 52099.70
TOTAL PRESENT WORTH= 229684.99

52. Year Total costs Returns Net Income Discounting factor
@ 12%
Present Worth
1 21136.6 4500 -16636.6 0.8929 -14806.57
2 16993.26 5000 -11993.26 0.7972 -9474.67
3 17933.91 8500 -9433.91 0.7118 -6698.07
4 19680.9 10000 -9680.9 0.6355 -6098.96
5 39594.4 16500 -23099.4 0.5674 -12935.66
6 43334 32000 -11334 0.5066 -5667
7 47655.97 47500 -155.97 0.4523 -70.18
8 54855.6 61000 6144.4 0.4038 2457.76
9 71546.4 107500 35953.6 0.3606 12934.29
10 195163.9 210500 15336.1 0.3219 4907.55
11 232068.3 413500 181431.7 0.2874 50800.87
12 317758 519500 201742 0.2566 50435.5
13 327715.5 594500 266784.5 0.2291 58692.59
14 361460.8 427000 265539.2 0.2046 53107.84
15 388577.2 678000 289442.8 0.1827 52099.70
TOTAL PRESENT WORTH= 229684.99
BENEFIT COST RATIO OF APPLE ORCHARD
Benefit-Cost Ratio: -
=PWR ÷PWC
= 797404.3 ÷ 602700.398 =1.32

53. Year Total costs Returns Net Income Discounting
factor @ 33%
Present Worth
1 21136.6 4500 -16636.6 0.7518 -12507.39
2 16993.26 5000 -11993.26 0.5653 -6779.78
3 17933.91 8500 -9433.91 0.4250 -4009.41
4 19680.9 10000 -9680.9 0.3195 -7380.25
5 39594.4 16500 -23099.4 0.2402 -2722.42
6 43334 32000 -11334 0.1806 -2046.92
7 47655.97 47500 -155.97 0.1358 -21.18
8 54855.6 61000 6144.4 0.1021 627.34
9 71546.4 107500 35953.6 0.0767 2757.64
10 195163.9 210500 15336.1 0.0577 884.89
11 232068.3 413500 181431.7 0.0434 7874.13
12 317758 519500 201742 0.0326 6576.78
13 327715.5 594500 266784.5 0.0245 6536.22
14 361460.8 427000 265539.2 0.0184 4885.92
15 388577.2 678000 289442.8 0.0138 4015.94
TOTAL Present Worth= -1309.35

54. IRR = Lower Discounting Rate+ Difference b/w 2 discount rates x
NPV At Lower discount rate
sum of NPVs at higher and lower discount rates
= 12+21 x
229684.99
229684.99−1309.35
=12 + 21 x 1.0057
= 12+ 21.12 = IRR = 33.12%
PAYBACK PERIOD = The payback period refers to the length of
time required to recover the capital cost of the project.
Payback Period of the Farmer is 14th
year.
Final Cost of Cultivation = 2155475
Returns up to 14th
year = 2457500

55. • No Tap Water Facility.
• SOURCE OF POTABLE WATER:
WELLS

56. :
ZAINAGEER
CANAL
:
CANAL
IRRIGATION

57. • ANGANWARI CENTRES :
FOUR
S.No FACILITY PLACE
01 PRIMARY SCHOOL YES
02 Girls Middle school YES
03 Boys middle school YES
04 Government High school NO
05 Higher Secondary School NO

58. S.No. Mill No. Place
01 Rice Mill 03 GUND BRATH
02 Joinery Mills 03 GUND BRATH
TRANSPORT
BUSES, CYCLE, BICYCLE,
SUMO etc.

59. • Youth: Mostly engaged in studies.
• Human Resource: Efficient
• Machinery: Sufficient
• Women: Mostly House Keepers
• Behavior: Good
• Key Characteristic Feature of
Villagers: Co-operative.

60. Event During RAWE

61. Exposure Visits

62. VISIT TO JKMPCL.

63. Our Experience
• Quality Production Of milk and
other dairy products.
• Packaging of Milk.
• Importance of Co-operative
Marketing Societies.

65. A VISIT TO KVK,
KUPWARA

66. A visit to KVK, Kupwara
LECTURES:
• Dr. Firdous Raina about various diseases of fruit crops like Canker,
Scab, Alternaria and their management.
• Dr. Peerzada Shafat Hussan provided information regarding the
functions of KVK like:
1. Disseminaton of improved technologies
2. Providing vocational trainings to farmers
On-Field Demonstration:
• On Field Demonstration to farmers on Scientific Training and Pruning
methods of Apple Orchards.

67. A visit to KVK, KUPWARA

68. Mandates
• On farm testing
• Organize Front Line Demonstrations
• Work as resource and knowledge centre
• Organizing need based training of farmers
and extension workers
• Produce and make available technological
products
• Organize extension activities for
awareness

69. VISIT TO CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF
TEMPERATE HORTICULTURE

70. A visit to CITH, Srinagar
OUR EXPERIENCE:
 Exposure to High Tech Equipments of the Institute used for different
experiments like High Profile Liquid Chromatography, Tissue Culture
and Virus Induction.
 Protected Cultivation of Saffron and Walnut Stocks.
 Study the newly released and improved varieties of Apple.
 Study of Various Training Systems in Apple.

71. Field Visit

72. Training Systems In Apple
ESPALIER
SYSTEM
Y-TRELLIS
SYSTEM
OBLIQUE CORDON
SYSTEM

73. Protected Cultivation
• Quality production of Wallnut stock

74. • Visit to Laboratries
VIRUS INDUCTION TISSUE CULTURE HPLC (High Profile Liquid
Chromatography)

76. A VISIT TO IGC SIDCO,
LASSIPORA

77. Introduction
• Visit to Fruit Master Cold Storage
Unit under the guidance of Dr S.A.
Saraf.
• First farmer driven integrated
controlled atmosphere cold store
project of J&K dealing mainly with
apple.
• Initial capacity:2000 mt of apple.
• Present capacity:5000 mt

78. SERVICES at the Unit
• Equipped with an Italian manufactured color, size and weight
sorter/grading machine and modern packaging facilities
• Procurement of fruit is done directly from apple growers which is then
graded and stored in Controlled Atmospheric Chamber (Low
Oxygen, High Carbon Dioxide, Low
Temperature)and then supplied in off season to different
markets.
• Storage in wooden boxes in C.A chamber ( 4 months)

79. Step-1
Step-2

80. Step-3 Step-4
Step-5

81. Step-6
Packing
Produce is then sent to the markets in off-season and fetches a good price

82. Overall Outcomes of
RAWE Programme
• -Rural awareness
• -Field experience
• -Team work
• -Experiential learning
• -Knowledge on field based research and extension
methodologies
• -Understanding local institutions and their need
• -Management of different components of farming system
• -Working with people organization
• -Problem-solving attitude
• Exposure to different institutions and Marketing societies.