RAWE (Rural Agricultural Work Experience) is a program for imparting quality, practical & production oriented for Agriculture Graduates . RAWE is an important tool in ensuring increased agricultural productivity, sustainability and environmental and ecological security, profitability, job security and equity. In India RANDHWA Committee (1992) recommended the rural agricultural work experience (RAWE) program for imparting quality, practical and production oriented education for agriculture degree program.

1. 1
INTRODUCTION
“The Discovery of Agriculture was the first big step towards a civilized society”
-Arthur Kieth
Agriculture in India is a major economic sector and it is the backbone of Indian
economy. It creates plenty of employment opportunities as well. About 65% of
Indian population depends directly on agriculture and it accounts to around 15%
of crop.
Rural Agriculture Work Experience (RAWE)
Programme is a key component in B.Sc.Ag. degree programme.The RAWE (Rural
Agricultural Work Experience) is conducted in the 7th semester in the fourth
year. The main aim of the programme is to acquaint the students with the
villagers and the farming situation so that they can have practical knowledge
about agriculture. The students are given rigorous orientation and
familiarization on various issues and problems they can expect in the farmers'
field. This runs for complete one semester i.e., the seventh semester, wherein
all teachers in different disciplines are involved for improving the learning
capacity of the students in a typical village situation.
During the PRA exercise, we were exposed to village
situation and got the basic understanding of various on-farm activities. Each and
every student developed communication skills during the presentation
conducted regularly under this programme and during training and
demonstrations.
Various exercises under this project developed knowledge of the students and
revised all the courses that we studied for the last 3 years. We are now
comfortable while communicating with the villagers.
I think the most important achievement of this RAWE
programme is that it has generated interest in the minds of the students to do
something for the villagers because they have very closely observed the real
problems and difficulties faced by the poor farmers.

2. 2
ORIENTATION PROGRAMME
On 28th Sept. 2020, the RAWE programme was started. Due to covid-
19 pandemic virtual orientation programme was done.
Before direct exposure to the village there was a
virtual orientation programme in 28th Sept. and regular online classes
were held till 4th Nov.The motto of this programme was to make
aware the students about the works which should be done during the
whole semester. All the students, Dean sir, all the faculty members of
Dept. of Extension Education and all programme supervisors were
present in this programme.
During this program we would able to learn about the techniques of
PRA. All the faculty members of Dept. of extension education and
other disciplines helped us to understand and to practice all the
exercises regarding PRA.
We are very much thankful to our Dean and dept. of extension
education for arranging this virtual orientation programme which built
confidence among us to deal with the farmer in the village.
RURAL AGRICULTURAL WORK
EXPERIENCE (RAWE)
Agricultural education is an important tool in ensuring increased
agricultural productivity, sustainability and environmental and
ecological security, profitability, job security and equity, In India
RANDHWA Committee (1992) recommended the rural agricultural
work experience (RAWE) program for imparting quality, practical and
production oriented education for agriculture degree program. The
World Bank (1975) stated that there was little emphasis on curricular
or agribusiness outside Government jobs. Therefore, the agenda for
21st century in agricultural education should be drawn on the basis of
challenges it has to meet in the near future. RAWE program provides
significant hands on experiencing in acquiring knowledge and skill.

3. 3
What is RAWE ?
RAWE (Rural Agricultural Work Experience) is a program for imparting
quality , practical and production oriented for agricultural degree.
IMPORTANCE OF RAWE PROGRAMME
✓ Preparing agricultural graduates for better career in
agriculture.
✓ Preparing agricultural graduates oriented education to face the
challenges by acquiring knowledge and skill through hands on
experience.
Objectives of RAWE
✓ Understanding the rural life by students.
✓ To get familiarize with the socio-economic conditions of the
farmers & their problems with reference to agricultural
development.
✓ To provide an opportunity to the students for practical training
in crop production through work experience.
✓ To develop communication skills among students using
extension teaching methods in transfer of technology.
✓ To develop the understanding regarding agricultural
technologies being followed by the farmers and to prepare
alternate farm plans to suit to the local situations in consultation
with the farmers.
PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL ( PRA )
PRA is a process of involving local people in the analysis and
interpretation of local situation. PRA is characterized by an applied
science , holistic development , fleable approach of progressive
learning system which is conducted by multi disciplinary team

4. 4
emphasize on community participation. It initiates a participatory
process and sustains it.
PRA constitutes a process of involvement with the rural people for
indigenous knowledge building exercise. It is a way of learning from
villagers and with their support to investigate, analyze and evaluate
constraints and opportunities. It helps to make informed and timely
decisions regarding developmental projects. The participation of rural
people can be facilitated through PRA for planning, implementing and
monitoring of rural developing programme.
OBJECTIVES
❖ To generate information and collection of data for immediate
or future use.
❖ For greater and better involvement of villages by learning
about their perception, experiences and capabilities.
❖ For learning about the impacts of earlier or ongoing policies
and programme and to frame new ones.
❖For validation and cross-checking of data collected from other
sources.
❖For training of different categories of persons involved in the
development process, whether from Govt., NGOs, Banks,
Researchers, Extension Agents, Scientists etc.
PRA TECHNIQUES
PRA is both an attitude and methodology. It is one of the tools of
surveying that helps outsiders to understand the village symbols,
systems, dynamics and politics by using various techniques as well as
by methods of direct observation and discussion. The process of
understanding the agro system and the social organization can only be

5. 5
successful with the total involvement of the village people & the
officials concerned.
NEED FOR PRA
✓ Sustained change and the need for accurate and timely
information.
✓ It advances that the people themselves are ‘solution agents ‘
for their problems.
✓ It cuts down the “Normal Professional Bias “ and anti – poverty
bias towards the people.
✓ Reduces down the normal time consuming long methods of
survey which consumes the most needed resources and that
gives result after a long time.
✓ The method is cost effective, accurate and timely.
PURPOSE OF PRA
✓ To use farmer’s criteria, choices and understand the local
environment with the clear priorities.
✓ To learn farmer’s indigenous technologies.
✓ To achieve for triangulation using different methods & involving
various people to check and recheck the findings.
✓ To develop self critical analysis and direct contact with local
needs and communities.
GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING INTERACTION IN PRA
BEFORE
✓ Meet the villagers with an open and frank mind. Tell them who
you are and why you have come.
✓ Build up personal rapport with villagers.
✓ Identify villagers who are willing to share their experiences.

6. 6
✓ Always begin to interview by relaxing the tension of the
interviewer by asking general questions and setting the climate
for discussion.
✓ Select a suitable place for the interview. Sit down with the
villagers on the same floor.
DURING
✓ Listen carefully, show empathy and be patient.
✓ Intense and careful observation is most important.
✓ Don’t interrupt, suggest or prescribe.
✓ Be polite, gentle and accommodative.
✓ Head nodding during interview is avoided.
✓ Try to follow existing customs of the village.
✓ There is no point in getting impatient or becoming too much
inquisitive when the villagers discuss among themselves.
AFTER
✓ At the end of the interview, all the interviews must be thanked
individually by the members of the group for giving time and
sharing their experience.
✓ Sit down with all the members and record all the information
collected and the process of information generation. This is
called as triangulation.

7. 7
Village-
KANTABADA

8. 8
BLOCK INFORMATION
Name of the Block : Begunia
Total Geographical Area : 29,905 ha.
Forest Area : 639 ha.
Total Cultivable Area : 17,112 ha.
Total cultivated area : 17,046 ha .
(a) High land : 6,326 ha.
(b) Medium Land : 5,205 ha
(c) Low Land : 5,505 ha.
Total Paddy Grown Area : 14,514 ha
Non Paddy area : 2,532 ha.
Irrigation Potential : 17% (2,865 ha )
No. of AAO circles : 2
No. of VAW circles : 14
No. of gram Panchayats (2017) : 21
No. of villages : 173
Population By 09:12:2011
(A) General : 81,591
(B) SC : 9,845
(C) ST : 11,818
Farm families : 14,013
(A)Big Farmers : 1,125
(B)Small farmer : 3,508
(C)Marginal Farmer : 9,380

9. 9
RAPPORT BUILDING
Rapport building is an important task for the team for
collecting reliable information. It is usually done to develop
communications and to establish working relationships with
the local people. Generally, rapport building is initiated
immediately as the team enters a village. This may help the
team to bring closer to the village people. The team should
follow the following steps suggested by Pokharel et al (1997)
for conducing PRA in rural areas.
❖ Start talking to the rural people saying “local Hello”
whenever you meet them, for example, on the trail,
agricultural fields, tea shops, homes etc.
❖ Treat and respect rural people as per their local custom.
❖ Ask the knowledgeable people about a subject or area in
a village .
❖ Clearly explain reasons for coming to the area.
❖ Show genuine interest in the local issues .
❖ Choose time and venue that are convenient for the local
people
SOCIAL MAP
Social map is used to study social structure, stratification and
availability of social facilities and also helps the facilitators to
understand the basic situations and social dynamics of the village.
It is used to present information on village layout, social
infrastructure, demography, language-religion-culture groups,
health, wealth, other, etc. This provides an overview of the socio-
economic aspect.
OBJECTIVES
❖ To learn about the social structures in the village
and the differences among the households by
ethnicity, religion and wealth.
❖ To learn about who is living where.

10. 10
❖ To learn about the social institutions and the
different views local people might have regarding
those institutions.
APPLICATIONS
❖ Developing a comprehensive understanding
of the physical and social aspects of
community
❖ Collecting demographic and other required
information household wise
❖ Providing a forum of discussion in which to
unravel the various aspects of social life
❖ Serving as a guiding instrument during the process
of planning intervention
❖ Serving as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
CHOICE OF LOCATION AND TIME OF ACTIVITY
AND HOW IT HAS BEEN DONE
The activity started in the morning, at around 10.00
am on 6TH DECEMBER 2020 , when most of the people
were going for their work . From 10.00am onwards
mobilizing the people was started and they were
requested to gather in the premises of POST OFFICE
, KANTABADA. The choice of location was based on
the space availability for drawing and lighting. Many
of them stopped there and joined the mapping process.
The mapping process started by around 11:30 am.
There was a little confusion among the villagers in the
beginning, how to do the mapping and the facilitator

11. 11
had to explain many times to them and every time new
people joined .The sample map and the list of legends
were very helpful in explaining the process to them.
People from all age groups contributed equally.
participants to draw the boundaries of the village& a
map of the village showing all house holds.we asked
the farmers to locate institutions, buildings and places
that offer some kind of social service or popular spots
to meet and discuss. Example: schools, temples, youth
club, local shop, health service ,park, post office etc.
We have Copied the map onto a large sheet of paper
with all details including legends. Encouraged the
villagers to discuss and show on the map which
different ethnic groups and also different religious
groups are living in their village KANTABADA .We
successfully collected all the data about the village.
MATERIAL NEEDED
Documentation Sheet, this tool sheet, white paper for copying
the map
• If drawing on the ground: soft ground, chalk ,rangoli
powder, sticks and local material like stone for symbols .
(OR)
• If drawing on a paper: BIG sheet of paper, pencils, markers
TIME REQUIRED : 1-2 hrs

12. 12
VILLAGE INFORMATION
NAME OF THE VILLAGE : KANTABADA
BLOCK : BEGUNIA
TEHSIL : BEGUNIA
GRAM PANCHAYAT : BIRAPRATAPPUR
DISTRICT : KHORDHA
TOTAL GEOGRAPHICAL AREA : 233 HA
CULTIVATED AREA : 140 HA.
TOTAL POPULATION : 1649
MALE POPULATION : 842
FEMALE POPULATION : 807
TOTAL NO OF FAMILIES : 322
(SC/ST/OBC)
TOTAL NO.OF CEMETERY : 2
TOTAL NO.OF TEMPLE : 9
TOTAL NO.OF BHAGBAT TUNGI : 4
TOTAL NO. OF SHAI : 6
NAME OF SAHI-
1-BRAHMAN SAHI
2-ODIA SAHI
3-ADIBASI SAHI
4-SUDRA SAHI
TOTAL NO.OF SCHOOL : 5

13. 13
TOTAL NO.OF ANGNAWADI : 3
NO.OF POST OFFICE : 1
WELL : 72
TUBEWELL : 13
POND : 8
SOCIAL INSTITUATIONS
TOTAL NO. OF S.H.G. : 20
NO. OF PLAY GROUND : 3
PARK : 1
BANK : 1
HOSPITAL : 1
CLUB HOUSE : 1
COLLEGE : 1
POST OFFICE : 1
ATM : 1

14. 14
SOCIAL MAP OF KANTABADA

15. 15

16. 16
CONCLUSION
From this map we got information about various religious
institutions, educational institutions and social structures of the
village.
TRANSECT WALK
INTRODUCTION
❖ A transect walk is a useful method for knowing rural
ecological conditions.
❖ A transect walk is a systematic walk along a defined
path (transect) across the village area which is
undertaken by the team along with the local people to
explore the agro-ecosystem of the village and by
observing, asking, listening, looking and producing a
transect diagram.
❖ A Transect depicts a cross-sectional view of the
different agro-ecological zones and provides a
comparative assessment of the Zones on different
parameters.
OBJECTIVE AND PURPOSE
1. Appraisal of natural resources in terms of status,
problems & potential.
2. To get an idea about farming practices, cropping
pattern, the physical layout (existing or planned),
irrigated facilities etc.
3. To know the agro ecosystem of the village.
4. To get the cross sectional view of the village.
5. Type of issue that might be covered in transect:-
I. Food storage
II. Community resource
III. Difference in households and their assets

17. 17
IV. Credit sources
V. Agriculture production and constraints
VI. Livestock management
VII. Health assets and hazards
VIII. Water resource and hazards
IX. Village infrastructure
X. Land use pattern and seasonal variation
XI. Livelihood strategies
XII. Crops and other food production
XIII. Gathered foods and medicine.
HOW IT HAS BEEN DONE
BEFORE
❖ I formed a group constituting 5 no’s of elderly and
experienced villagers, krushak sathi and the village
youths.
❖ Before commencement of the transect walk, I
explained briefly the purpose of the walk & selected the
area under study, village resources like irrigation
sources, land resources etc.
DURING
❖ I observed everything in detail and listened carefully.
❖ I have also asked & recorded everything what i saw
andlistened, sketched and drawn the maps.
❖ I have walked up to the last boundary& covered all the
relevant sides.
AFTER
Carefully documented all the information I had collected earlier . I
Prepared final diagrams and sketch from the rough sketches. I cross
checked and compared the information by meeting other villagers &
Recorded how things differ from one situation to another.

18. 18

19. 19
TOPIC DISCUSSED AND OBSERVATIONS
➢ General division of land cover: paddy fields, fallow and waste
lands, common land, grazing lands.
➢ Change in elevation and associated changes in vegetation and
land use.
➢ Soil type, their uses .
➢ Their Problems, and opportunities for improvement .
➢ Crops taken .
Types of vegetation .
INTERVENTION
1. There is opportunity for bee keeping, vermicompost
culture,mushroom cultivation .
2. Large pond can be utilized for improved pisciculture.
SEASONALITY ANALYSIS
Seasonality is an important and useful exercise to determine seasonal
patterns in rural areas as related to rainfall, farming practices,
employment. workload etc. In seasonality an attempt is made to
determine the seasonal calendar as understood and practiced by the
villagers.
PURPOSE
❖ To get an insight into the seasonal variations in a number of
parameters relevant in farmers lives e.g work, employment,
income and availability of food, fuel, fodders, health ,migration
and transport facilities.
❖ It has proved to be useful in project planning i.e when to
implement various activities.

20. 20
❖ It is possible and analysis the livelihood patterns across the year.
SEASONAL CALENDARS FACILITATE DISCUSSION ON
❖ Seasonal activities and events related to production, cultivation,
social activities and consumption .
❖ Planning activities with households and identifying appropriate
times for implementing activities .
❖ Identify seasonal problems and trends of specific activities .
HOW WE CAN USE SEASONAL CALENDER
❖ Timing and duration of different activities.
❖ Seasonal problems and issues.
❖ Appropriate times to plan activities .
❖ Identify activities to solve potential problems or issues.
WHEN CAN SEASONAL CALENDER CAN BE USED
❖ Cropping / Livestock
❖ Income/Expenditure
❖ Household consumption .
❖ Social or community activities .
❖ Timing and duration of different activities .
❖ Seasonal problems and issues .
❖ Appropriate times to plan activities .
APPLICATION
Information collected during the drawing of the seasonal
calendar is very rich, not only in terms of what is put down by
the community, but also in what comes out from the
discussions during the process. For example seasonal
calendar data provides information on opinions and attitudes
of the community towards certain activities. These include
attitudes towards gender allocation of Labour, and control of

21. 21
resources, etc. such information helps the PRA team and the
community to prepare the community action plan .
HOW IT HAS BEEN DONE
My topic for seasonality analysis is “seasonality of rainfall
(Average rainfall from 2017-2020). For this, I interacted with
5 farmers and collect data from them (about no. of days of
rainfall in particular month.) Likewise I collected all the data
from year 2017-2020 and then took the average and draw the
bar graph .
CONCLUSION
❖ From this we come to know about the rainfall pattern. So
that we can plan our crop accordingly.

22. 22
❖ In the village for growing crops farmers are completely
depend upon rainfall and in rabi season due to scarcity of
water they cant grow rabi crops. So,we can conserve the
rainwater and utilize it during the rabi season .
MATRIX RANKING
Matrix ranking is a tool used to support people to
identify and priorities events or problems by assessing
their views relative importance using a set of criteria on
which they are judged .gained from informal discussion
each element is then considered in terms of each
criteria.
• It helps in understanding peoples choices and
priorities in a particular situation and their
reasons for it.
• Helps in determining the compatibility of certain
items in a given environment of overall
perspective.
PROCEDURE
Step I : I identified the topic then a discussion was initiated with the
individuals or group and clearly explained them the purpose of the
exercise.
Step II : In next step I generated criteria for assessment and discussed
the farmers with the participants and decided upon a few important
ones.
Step III : Then I sketched a matrix with the items/options top to
bottom and criteria left to right. The comparisons are made criterion-
wise and not item-wise.
Step IV : Then, I ranked and scored against all the items according to
the criterion had been chosen.

23. 23
Step V : Then it was repeated until all of the criteria have been ranked
and scored in this way.
Step VI : Then these are recorded properly by me.
HOW IT HAS BEEN DONE
My topic for matrix ranking was “HIGH YIELDING RICE
VARIETIES IN LOWLAND”. For this I discussed with four farmers
and took five rice varieties- 1001,SWARNA,SWARNA SUB-
1,POOJA,MOTI . Then farmers have given scores to these varieties
based upon different criteria and from these data I prepared the table,
which is given below.

24. 24
APPLICATION
Community action plans are developed on the basis of peoples
preferences. The problems, solutions technical inputs etc. are
arranged on the interests of the users.
CONCLUSION
So, accordingly to the above table, the most preferred variety among
the farmers is SWARNA .
PROBLEM PRIROTIZATION
It is a chart showing different problems affecting a village
which have been prioritized on the basis of ranks that each of
them obtain after taking into account parameters like
problems, importance of enterprise, frequency of problem,
seriousness of each of the problems.
PURPOSE
• This is a method of participatory community need
assessment and problem analysis. It used the illustration
of a rough road, which is like the progress of the
community.
• The village has many problems with its activities that hinder
their progress.
• The meeting is designed to find out more about all the
things we enjoy, and particularly see what are the things
hindering our progress in thevillage.
• Highlights the compounding causes and effects of a
specific problems faced by households in a Village .
• Propose activities to overcome some of the causes and
effects of problem faced by households in a Village.

25. 25
OBJECTIVE:To list out the problem present in village situation
✓ For development of action plan
✓ Severity of problems
✓ Frequency of occurrence
✓ Distribution of problem
ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS
Root cause analysis (RCA) is a tool to help identify what, how,
and why an event occurred so that steps can be taken to
prevent future occurrences. Additionally, RCA may be used to
target opportunities for system wise improvement. Root
causes are specific underlying causes that can be reasonably
identified, are within management's control to remedy, and
which generate effective recommendations to prevent
recurrences. The RCA process involves data collecting, causal
factor charting, root cause identification, and
recommendation generation.it is importantly done after
problem prioritization and identification. All the problems are
not considered for root cause analysis but the highly ranked
problems are considered for it.
HOW IT HAS BEEN DONE
I had approached 5-6 farmers who were doing Cabbage
cultivation and discussed about their practices and diseases
and got different causes of low yield in cabbage.

26. 26

27. 27
RESOURCE MAP
DESCRIPTION
Resource Mapping Resource mapping can be used as an effective
ice breaking exercise as well as a tool to investigate the knowledge
of the people about their own locality, their resources and their
spatial distribution.
Resource mapping can help communities:
❖Identify valuable resources
❖ Ensure that everyone has access to the resources they need
❖ Avoid duplication of services and resources
❖ Enhance services
❖Identify flexible funding strategies
❖ Use data to make informed decisions
❖ Cultivate new partnerships and relationships
PURPOSE
To know about the various Natural resources ,land resources, man
made resources, hydrological resources and agro-foresty system
present in the village.
ENTERPRISE MAP
DESCRIPTION
Enterprise map is spatial analysis of various productive and
unproductive enterprises by the participant villagers.
OBJECTIVE
❖ To know the information on various enterprise and their
relative positions within the village entity.

28. 28
❖ To identify existing and promising indigenous micro-
enterprises with in the village.
❖ To show the evolution of each major enterprise.
❖ Served as the basis for identifying changes in the
production systems.
❖ Served as the basis for identifying changes in the
production systems.
HYDROLOGY MAP
DESCRIPTION
Hydrology map indicates water resources, area under
irrigation, irrigation facility and give idea about water
harvesting structure of village.
PURPOSE
❖ To know about the various water resources present in the
village.
❖ To know about the permanent water harvesting structure
of the village.
❖ To know about the perennial water resources of the village.
❖ To know about the availability of water in different parts
of the year.
❖ Further it influences the cropping pattern and crop
selection and water use pattern of the village.

29. 29
TIME LINE
DEFINITION
A timeline is an important PRA method quite commonly used
to explore the temporal dimensions from a historical
perspective.it is drawn as a sequential aggregate at past
events or the historical landmarks of the community. Finally it
is the list of key events, changes and landmarks in the past,
presented in a chronological order.
OBJECTIVES
❖ To learn from the community what they consider
being importantpast events.
❖ To understand from the community the historical
perspective oncurrent issues.
❖ To generate discussions on changes with respect to issues
you areinterested in e.g. education, health, food security,
gender relations, economic conditions, etc.,
❖ To develop a rapport with the villagers, since a discussion
about the past of the village can be a good non-
threatening and enjoyable starting point.
TREND ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTION
Trend analysis is a popular PRA method used to explore
temporal dimensions with a focus on change. It captures and
trends related to certain variables over different spans of time.
✓ It can provide a good idea of the quantitative changes
over time in different aspects of village life, such as

30. 30
yields, population, livestock population, the number of
trees, area under cultivation, rainfall, etc.
OBJECTIVES
❖ Learn from the community as to how they perceive
change over time in various areas/aspects of their live.
❖ Integrate significant changes in the village profile.
❖ Discuss village problems and any increase or decrease in
the severity of the problems over the years rather that
asking direct questions.
VENN DIAGRAM
DEFINITION
The diagram which shows the relationship of various
institutions, organizations, programs or individuals with each
other & with the village as perceived by the villagers is called as
Venn diagram.
PURPOSE
• To identify groups, institutes operating in the community
& show their interactions.
• To discover the importance on decision making in
community.
• To show the accessibility of the institutes.
The exercise is carried out by the help of villagers with use of
different sizes of circle of paper which indicates the relative
importance or accessibility of a particular institution or
individual to that particular village.
➢ According to the opinion of villagers, various institutions

31. 31
those mostly influence them and their activity are -
a) School k)Temple
b) College l) Veterinary hospital
c) Kissan mandi m) Mendhasala hospital
d) Bank n) Gram panchayat
office
e) Post office o) R.I office
f) Chhatabar market p) Block office
g) Er.College q) Firestation
h) Sum Hospital r) O.U.A.T
i) Anganwadi s) Agricultural office
j) Police station t) Collector office
MOBILITY MAP
DESCRIPTION
➢ Mobility map is a PRA method used to explore the
movement pattern of an individual, a group, or the
community.
➢ The focus is on where people go and for what.
➢ Other aspects, like the frequency of visits, distance, and
the importance of the place visited, may also be studied
and depicted.
➢ It reflects the people’s perception of movement
patterns and thereasons there of.
OBJECTIVES
➢ Understanding the mobility pattern of local people where
they go and for what, increasing gender sensitivity and
awareness by using them for highlighting the difference
between the mobility patterns of men and women.

32. 32
➢ Evaluation of the impact of certain interventions in terms of
their effects on mobility patterns.
➢ Planning for intervention and projects.
DAILY WORK PROFILE
DESCRIPTION
Daily routine depicts how villagers (men and women) spend a dayof 24
hours along with the kind of activities and time allotted for the
activities Daily routine can be taken for men and women and both the
categories of farmers and farm laborers.
PURPOSE
❖ To get an account of time spent by farmers and laborers,
men and women for various activities in day of 24 hours.
❖ Data on wage earning and rest hours.
❖ Data on leisure time which can be utilized by development
workers .
ITK
DESCRIPTION
❖ Indigenous technical knowledge has immense potential for
innovation especially at the grassroots level.
❖ Most of the indigenous communities of a village which
have their own set of unique traditional knowledge &
technology base.
❖ It is specifically concerned with actual application of the

33. 33
thinking of the local people in various operations of
agriculture & allied areas.
SCOPE OF ITK ANALYSIS
❖ New biological & ecological insight
❖ Resource management
❖ Development planning
❖ Environmental assessment
WEALTH RANKING
DESCRIPTION
PRA method commonly used for ranking and grouping household
and communities on the basis of income, wealth and other perceive
well-being criteria. Wellbeing ranking is based on the perception of
the local people.
OBJECTIVES
➢ To identify and classify households or groups based on
relative wellbeing in the areas of income, wealth, assets
and status etc.
➢ To explore issues related to livelihood, vulnerability,
constraints to develop as people perceive them and to
design intervention strategies in time with peoples’
aspiration.
EXPERIENCE GAINED DURING RAWE
RAWE is an exposure programme conducted to make the
agricultural student acquainted with the real field situation. To test

34. 34
the feasibility of knowledge gained during class room teaching and its
application in the farmer’s field.
From orientation programme to till submission of report every
moment in RAWE has been exciting, exploring, enlightening,
enriching, adventurous and unforgettable.
The following aspects of RAWE programme help me a lot these
are: -
❖ It helped me a lot in experiencing the real
facts of agriculture which we only learn in books.
❖ it gives immense pleasure when we give some
solution to the farmer.
❖ We identified various productive resources and
suggested them how they can earn more.
❖ Improved communication skill by interaction with
the host farmer and other farmer during the village
activities and also during the presentation of maps
in the classroom and other extension activities.
❖ Feedback and interaction with the farmers and
guidance and suggestions of our multidisciplinary
team of supervisors help us to redefine extension
service necessary for all round development of the
village.
❖ It offers an opportunity to gain experience of rural
area, rural people, their social structure, values,
livelihood and culture for making extension work
successful.

35. 35
FEEDBACK
❖ This RAWE programme really helps us to know
about real practical field problem and village situation.
The knowledge and skill of both our and farmers
developed.
❖Our theoretical knowledge converts in to vast
practical knowledge which will mostly help us in
future in this sector.
❖We were very much acquainted with the village
condition, their tradition and culture, so hopefully
we will not face any kind of problem in future
experiences.
❖Last but not the least, the villagers are loving
towards us and also very supportive and
cooperative. Special thanks to all my involved
teachers and groupmates for achieving this kind of
experiences.
Thank You…