intership report

1
INTERNSHIP REPORT
BY
AZEEM YOUSAF 2019-Ag-5278
8th
semester
Internship report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCES (HONS)
IN
AGRI. SCIENCES (AGRONOMY)
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD SUB CAMPUS
DEPALPUR, OKARA

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DEDICATION
This report is dedicated to my parents, friends and family. This report is also
dedicated to my internship Supervisors, Dr. Naveed Akhtar, Dr. Babar Hussain
Babar, Muhammad Idrees and Hafiz Naveed Ramzan the honorable supervisory
committee. This report is further dedicated to the honorable management and
respected executives of the Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural
Research Institute Faisalabad.
AZEEM YOUSAF

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CERTIFICATION
To,
The Principal,
University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad.
Its certified that AZEEM YOUSAF (2019-Ag-5278) student of B.Sc. (Hons)
Agri. Sciences 8th
semester Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad Sub Campus Depalpur (Okara) has completed his internship at Vegetable
and Oil Seed Section, Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research
institute, Faisalabad under our supervision and completed his necessary
experiments. Student have been found satisfactory.
SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE
1. Dr. Naveed Akhtar _________________________
(Chief Scientist)
2. Dr. Babar Hussain Babar _________________________
(Scientific Officer)
3. Hafiz Naveed Ramzan _________________________
4. Muhammad Idrees _________________________

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Acknowledgement
All praises to Almighty Allah alone, the most merciful and the most
compassionate and his Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) the most perfect and
dignified, exalted one among and of ever borne on the surface of the earth, how is
forever torch of guidance and knowledge for the humanity. I feel great pleasure in
expressing my appreciation and gratitude to my worthy internship supervisor
supervisors, Dr. Naveed Akhter, Dr. Babar Hussain Babar, Hafiz Naveed
Ramzan, and Muhammad Idrees, Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub
Agriculture Institute, Faisalabad, for their help, valuable suggestions, sincere
advices, personal interest and supervision of this report. I thank with deep motion of
gratitude and great appreciation to all scientists of Agronomic Research Institute
Faisalabad, AARI Faisalabad, for their great support, sincere cooperation and kind
behavior during my internship. Cordial thanks are extended to my Best friends, my
colleagues and all other well-wisher for their consistent support and encouragement
during my studies. Last but not the least, I have deep appreciation and the best regard
for the affection and financial cooperation of my beloved Father_Muhammad
Yousaf and family members without whose sacrifice and prays, the present would
have been a mere dream, may Allah give them a long and happy life with me.
“Ameen”
AZEEM YOUSAF

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CONTENTS
Sr. No Topic Page No
1 Introduction of Ayub Agricultural Research Institute,
Faisalabad
06-08
2 Agronomic Research Institute, Faisalabad 09-14
3 Vegetable and Oil Seed Section, Faisalabad 15-16
4 Experiments 17-43
5 Visit/ Seminar /Conference
44-48

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Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad
Introduction
Agriculture bears great economic importance. It plays pivotal role in strengthening national
economy. Pakistan is an agricultural country and agriculture has been the single largest sector
playing main role in earning remarkable foreign exchange. This role can be further extended by
improving the existing farming sector. In rural areas that are located at a very distant place our
farmers still using old fashioned and traditional agricultural system, which results in poor
production and outcome. This is era of improved science and technology, which should be adapted
by our farming system according to the latest technologies. Ayub Agricultural Research Institute
(AARI), Faisalabad is the principal institution producing agricultural technology which is acting
as an engine for the economic growth of Pakistan. AARI was originated in 1962 after the division
of research and education working under the former Punjab Agricultural College and Research
Institute Lyallpur (Established in 1906), being one of the significant research organizations of the
country. Its objective is to develop technologies for food safety, sustaining generation, economic
safeguard, value addition and conservation of natural resources. AARI was the beacon to the green
revolution in the country in late sixties and since then constantly playing a key role in meeting the
post green revolution productivity challenges and safeguarding national food security.
Wheat, Rice, Sugarcane and Cotton are the most important crops that are mostly grown in Pakistan.
The performance of these four crops is very important for the sustainability of national economy.

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Pakistan consistently has attained more than 5% growth rate only in the years of good crops of
Wheat, Rice, Sugarcane and Cotton. Numerous studies have showed that agriculture research has
a positive and significant influence on agricultural output and yields high rate of return.
Research Institutes/Sections at AARI Faisalabad
1. Wheat Research Institute, Faisalabad
2. Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad
3. Oilseeds Research Institute, Faisalabad
4. Pulses Research Institute, Faisalabad
5. Horticultural Research Institute, Faisalabad
6. Vegetable Research Institute, Faisalabad
7. Agronomic Research Institute, Faisalabad
8. Entomological Research Institute, Faisalabad
9. Post- Harvest Research Institute, Faisalabad
10. Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Faisalabad
11. Statistical Section AARI, Faisalabad
12. Agricultural Economics Section, Faisalabad
13. Plant Pathology Research Institute, Faisalabad
Main Library & IT Department, AARI, Faisalabad
Other Outstation/Institutes of AARI
1. Arid Zone Research Institute, Bhakkar
2. Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal
3. Cotton Research Institute, Multan
4. Citrus Research Institute, Sargodha
5. Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha
6. Maize & Millets Research Institute, Yosafwala, Sahiwal
7. Mango Research Institute, Multan
8. Potato Research Institute, Sahiwal
9. Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Bahawalpur

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10. Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku
11. Rapid Soil Fertility Research Institute, Lahore
12. Soil and Water Conservation Research Institute, Chakwal
13. Soil Salinity Research Institute, Pindi Bhattian
14. Institute of Soil chemistry and environmental sciences, Kala Shah Kaku

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Agronomic Research Institute, Faisalabad
Introduction
By every day, the lives of people around the world are made better by Agronomy. The
endless green fields of Wheat, Maize, Rice and the vast acres of cotton do not just happen. Hard
work on the part of the grower, scientific and technological input by the agronomic sciences is
required. Agronomists provide a wealth of information to farmers to assure the soundness of their
production programs. Agronomy makes this possible through the application of soil and plant
science for soil management and crop production, and incorporates the wise use of natural
resources and conservation practices. Very meticulously planned field experiment will give good
result only if it is supervised and executed well. Agronomic Research Institute, Faisalabad was
incepted during 1984 for precise and thoughtful research on crop and soil management. Its major
target was to tackle the farmer’s problems under varied agro-ecological conditions in the Punjab
for sustainable crop production.
Mission
To conduct research for improving the productivity and profitability of crop production through
efficient utilization of natural resources.

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Objectives
 Testing of new genotypes developed at commodity research institutes for the formulation
of production packages on agro-ecological basis
 On-farm research with farming system perspective under different agro-ecological zones
of the Punjab in order to develop technology appropriate to farmer’s resource
 Determining water requirements, irrigation schedule and appropriate methods of irrigation
for major field and vegetable crops
 Developing new cropping patterns or by bringing modest changes in the existing cropping
systems
 Developing economically viable and technically feasible multiple cropping patterns i.e.
mixed, inter and relay cropping patterns keeping in view the farmer’s resource base
 Standardization of integrated weed management methods screening of herbicides for
efficient weed control and to study their toxicity on field crops, vegetables, gardens and
lawns
 Generation of independent data base for approval of varieties
 Assessing the impact of climate change on production of major field crops
 Testing of new high value crops for their acclimatization in agro-ecological conditions of
Punjab
 To develop production packages for the cultivation of medicinal plants
Future Plan
 Impact assessment of climate change on cropping systems
 To develop production technologies of various medicinal plants
 Research on seed physiology to increase germination of crops
 To increase resource use efficiency without diminishing crop yields
 Devising ways of mitigating ill effects of heat and drought stresses on major field crops
 Rice stubble management for discouraging its burning to combat smog problems
 Reducing allelopathic effects of canola and sarson on germination of subsequent crop
 Promotion of organic farming in view of ill effects of chemical pesticides / weedicides

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Research Activities
Following are the research activities of the Institute:
 Screening of wheat genotypes and sorghum-sudan grass hybrids for heat and drought
tolerance
 Re-adjustment of planting times and densities
 Introduction of new and high value crops in prevailing cropping systems
 Use of Crop Simulation Models for adaptation to climate change
 Varietal evaluation of new advance lines /genotypes of different field crops
 Organic farming in wheat, garlic, canola, chickpea, mung, mash and turmeric
 Relay/intercropping of different crops in cotton, maize, sunflower and September/autumn
planted sugarcane
 Comparison of various weed control methods in different crops
 Resource conservation practices in rice-wheat and cotton-wheat cropping system
 Effective irrigation and nutrient management techniques for different field crops.
Achievements
Following are the achievements of the institute:
 370 wheat and maize genotypes were screened for heat and drought tolerance
 150 sorghum-sudan grass hybrids were screened for drought tolerance
 Foliar spray of plant growth regulators such as salicylic acid, silicon, selenium, glycine
betaine, calcium chloride, potassium chloride and Jasmonic acid induced drought tolerance
and increased yield in wheat, potato, canola and maize
 Better crop management by using Crop Simulation Models for adaptation to climate
change
 Rearing of earthworms and collection of vermicompost is in progress
 Initiation of organic production of wheat, mung bean, mash bean, turmeric, berseem,
garlic, canola, carrot and lentil by using organic sources
 One drought tolerant cotton variety (FH-326) has got approval in collaboration with Cotton
Research Institute Faisalabad

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 Jute variety “Golden Jute” Sisal Variety “Pak Sisal” medicinal plants varieties Stevia
“Honey” and Tulsi “FS-21” has approved
 Relay cropping of wheat in cotton (increase in wheat yield ranging from 8-10 mounds per
acre)
 Transplanting of rice on ridge and furrows improves water saving by 20%
 Bed planting and broadcasting followed by furrow making enhanced yield up to 5-15% in
sesame by reducing the attack of Charcol Rot & 10-15% increase in yield in mungbean
 Zero till sowing of wheat after rice increases yield in wheat by 10-12% & reduction in cost
of production by 15-20%
 Direct seeding in rice (25-35% water saving; labor saving)
 Wheat bed planting (save irrigation water up to 25%)
 Bed planting of cotton (save more than 25% water & 50% seed rate; save crop during
uncertain rains)
 Ridge planting in Maize (25-30% water saving)
 Vertical trailing of vine crops/vegetables (improve crop yield & quality)
 Inclusion of legumes in existing cropping system (increase farm productivity)
 Intercropping of onion, garlic & pulses (mung& mash bean) in autumn planted sugarcane
increased the total remunerations up to 15-20% against sugarcane alone
 Successful acclimatization and cultivation of Stevia, Tulsi, Quinoa, Babchi, Fennel,
Kalonji, Lemon grass and Jute in Punjab
 Conducted many spot examinations for wheat, cotton, rice, sunflower, maize, chickpea,
olive, sugarcane, walnut, guar and pearl millet crops during current year as member of
Expert Sub Committee of PSC across the Punjab
 Achieved certification for ISO-17025 of Seed Testing Laboratory
 Recorded, compiled and circulated the metrological data among various institutes
 220 Herbicides were tested during last ten years
 1200 Seed germination test performed of various crops during last five years

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Initiatives
 To develop low cost site-specific production technologies of major and minor field crops.
 To conduct research on different agronomic practices to increase resource use efficiency
without diminishing crop yields.
 To conduct research on means and methods of mitigating ill effects of biotic and abiotic
stresses on major field crops.
 To start research on alternate high value crops e.g. medicinal plants and spices (Quinoa,
Stevia, Fennel, Psyllium, Nigella, Carom, Tulsi and Linseed)
 To study the agronomic and physiological based measures to minimize the detrimental
effects of changing climate on growth, development and yield of major field crops.
 To promote organic farming in view of ill effects of chemical inputs on human health
Facilities
Following are the facilities provided by the institute:
 Data recording on physiological parameters like photosynthetic efficiency, leaf area,
stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, cell membrane thermo stability, water potential,
osmotic potential and protein extraction
 Identification of weeds and their control
 Testing of herbicides for their effectiveness to control weeds
 Availability of meteorological data recorded at Faisalabad for facilitation of students and
researchers
 Advisory services for farmers regarding production technologies of major field crops,
medicinal plants and jute crop
 Facilitation for students of B.Sc., M.Sc. & Ph.D. in Agriculture regarding internship and
supervision of research work
 Display of innovative technologies like relay cropping of wheat in standing cotton and
relay cropping of cotton in standing wheat, zero tillage wheat and cotton, bed planting,
broadcast augmented with furrow planting of different crops, direct seeded rice
 Maintenance of weed bank and herbal garden for demonstration to visitors especially
students visiting from different institutes of Punjab

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 Availability of sugar leaf (Stevia rebaudiana) plants to the farmers for multiplication in
punjab
Services
Following are the research services being provided by the Institute:
 Germination test for seed of different crops and vegetables under Seed testing Laboratory
 Technology transferred to farmers about crops management to get good production and
enhance their income
 Advisory service for farmers regarding production technologies of major field crops
 Facilitation for students of BSc. and MSc. in Agriculture regarding internship and
supervision of research work
 Monitoring of activities to stakeholders of area
 Development of resource use efficient production technology
Agronomic Sections in Faisalabad
 Plant Physiology Section, Faisalabad
 Cereals and Pulses Section, Faisalabad
 Fiber Crops Section, Faisalabad
 Vegetable and Oilseeds Section, Faisalabad
Out Stations
 Agronomic Research Station, Khanewal
 Agronomic Research Station, Karor, Layyah
 Agronomic Research Station, Bahawalpur
 Agronomic Research Station, Farooqabad
Seed Farms
 Govt. Seed Farm, Faisalabad
 Govt. Seed Farm, Dhakkar

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Vegetable and Oil Seeds Section
Vegetable and Oil Seeds section, was established during the year 1983-84 with the objective to
conduct agronomic research on vegetable and Oil Seeds crops. The objective of the section was to
test the new varieties/strains developed at commodity research institute for the formulation of
production packages, develop the techniques/technologies aimed at increasing farmer's income by
optimizing farm resource use, standardize integrated weed management methods, determine water
requirements, irrigation schedule and appropriate method of irrigation for vegetable and oilseed
crops. Generation of independent data base for the approval of varieties, optimum time of sowing,
sowing methods, standardization of suitable herbicide, determining fertilizer requirement,
appropriate method and time of application for vegetable and oilseed crops.
Objectives
Research on the vegetable and oilseed crops is conducted with the following objectives:
 To test the new varieties/strains develop at commodity research institute for the
formulation of production packages.
 To develop the techniques/technologies aimed at increasing farmer's income by optimizing
farm resource use.
 To standardize integrated weed management methods.
 To determine water requirements, irrigation schedule and appropriate method of irrigation
for vegetables and oilseed crops.
 Generation of independent data base for approval of varieties.
 To develop economically viable and technically feasible multiple cropping patter i.e. mixed
and intercropping patterns keeping in view the farmer resource base.
 Determining fertilizer requirement, appropriate method and time of application for
vegetable and oilseed crops.
 To evaluate the suitable time of sowing and sowing method for oilseed and vegetable crops.

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Research Activities
At present following research experiments are being carried out:
1. Effect of different Potassium levels on yield and quality of Peas (Pisum sativum L).
2. Biofortification of Peas (Pisum sativum L) with zinc and iron.
3. Effect of Phosphorus levels and PSB on yield and quality of Carrot (Daucus carota L).
4. Weed management in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L).
5. Effect of different levels and application methods of Sulphur on yield and oil quality of
CANOLA.

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Assigned Experiment
Title Effect of Phosphorus levels and PSB on yield and
quality of Carrot (Daucus carota L).
Objectives To find out the most suitable Phosphorus level and PSB
in carrot to enhance yield and Quality
Research
workers
Dr. Naveed Akhtar, Muhammad Idrees, Dr. Babar
Hussain Babar and Muhammad Luqman
Project
Duration
2022-23
Location Agronomy (V&O) Section, Agronomic Research
Institute, Faisalabad
Treatments Factor A: Phosphorus
levels
1. 20 kg /ha (Soil
application
INOC- Seed
2. INOC- Seed
Factor B: PSB
1. PSB-1 @ 1:10
2. PSB-2 @ 1:10
METHODOLOGY
Design RCBD
Repeats 3
Variety T 29
Sowing date
Plot size 2.50m x 6.0m
Fertilizer 87-87-62 NP kg ha-1
Row x Row Distance 75cm
Plant x Plant Distance 10 cm
Data To be recorded Soil analysis before and after sowing, Fruit
length, Fruit weight, Diameter, Fruit Quality.

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Layout of The Experiment
T6
P160+B2
T2
P160+B2
T7
P160+B2
T8
P320+B2
T4
P320+B2
T5
P320+B2
T5
P80+B2
T1
P80+B2
T8
P80+B2
T7
P240+B2
T3
P240+B2
T6
P240+B2
T3
P240+B1
T7
P240+B1
T2
P240+B1
T1
P80+B1
T5
P80+B1
T4
P80+B1
T4
P320+B1
T8
P320+B1
T1
P320+B1
T2
P160+B1
T6
P160+B1
T3
P160+B1
R3 R2 R1
Field Road Main
Road
Garlic
Field

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Pictorial view of data collecting activities

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Table 1.1: Length, Diameter (Top, center, bottom), Carrot weight, leaf weight, total
weight Replication 1, Treatment 3 of Carrot
Parameters Carrot 1 Carrot 2 Carrot 3 Carrot 4 Carrot 5
Length (cm) 33 22 26 22 31
Diameter
(Top)(cm)
5.1 4.6 3.2 1.9 3.9
Diameter
(Mid)(cm)
3 2.7 2.5 1.9 3.1
Diameter
(Bottom)(cm)
1 0.6 1 1.2 0.9
Carrot
weight (g)
222 132 108 70 189
Lea Wright
(g)
61 51 17 16 32
Total weight
(g)
283 183 125 86 221
Table1.2: No. of Carrot in 1m, Weight of Carrots in 1m.
No. of Healthy Carrots in 1m 76
No. of Weak Carrots in 1m 45
Weight of Healthy Carrots in 1 m 4.5 Kg
Weight of weak carrots in 1 m 0.5 Kg

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Weight of Healthy Carrots in 1 m 2 Kg
Length (cm) 26 22 20 19 20.5
Diameter
(Top)(cm)
5.1 6.1 4.4 3.7 3.3
Diameter
(Mid)(cm)
3.9 4.2 3 2.5 2.9
Diameter
(Bottom)(cm)
1 1.9 1.3 1.5 1.3
Carrot
weight (g)
260 301 143 109 90
Leaf Wright
(g)
90 155 37 33 17
Total weight
(g)
350 456 180 142 107

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Length (cm) 16 32 32 23 29
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
3.3 4.6 5.5 6.6 3.5
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
2.9 3.2 4 4.8 3.1
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
0.7 0.9 0.9 1.9 1
Carrot
weight (g)
75 209 299 352 229
Leaf Wright
(g)
38 51 91 70 65
Total weight
(g)
113 260 390 422 294

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Length (cm) 25 24 20.5 25 17
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
5.5 4.5 4.9 4 3.5
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
3 2.8 2.7 2.6 2
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
1 1 0.7 0.9 1
Carrot
weight (g)
209 213 216 115 70
Leaf Wright
(g)
16 33 50 137 12
Total weight
(g)
225 246 266 252 82

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Length (cm) 32 22 33 32 20
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
6.5 6.6 5.1 4.6 4.1
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
4.5 4.4 3.3 3.5 2.8
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
1.9 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.2
Carrot
weight (g)
353 323 220 230 130
Leaf Wright
(g)
122 197 35 60 50
Total weight
(g)
475 520 255 290 180

25
Length (cm) 31 25 25 27 16.5
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
5.3 4.7 4.3 4.7 3.6
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
3.4 3.3 2.4 2.9 2.4
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
1.1 1.4 1 1.1 1
Carrot
weight (g)
304 203 155 135 90
Leaf Wright
(g)
78 94 38 45 26
Total weight
(g)
382 297 193 180 116

26
Length (cm) 30 22.5 28 27 19.5
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
4.9 5.9 4 4.2 3.1
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
3.1 3.5 2.8 2.5 2.7
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
0.7 1.8 0.6 0.7 0.7
Carrot
weight (g)
245 268 168 158 68
Leaf Wright
(g)
39 58 38 51 23
Total weight
(g)
284 326 206 209 91

27
Length (cm) 21 24 23 21 14
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
5 4.9 3.6 4.6 2.6
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
2.9 2.2 2 2.9 1.5
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
0.9 1.1 2.7 1.3 0.6
Carrot
weight (g)
149 175 98 164 40
Leaf Wright
(g)
51 61 51 63 14
Total weight
(g)
200 236 149 227 54

28
Length (cm) 24 26 25 22.5 22
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
6.6 5.5 4.6 4.4 3.4
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
4.4 3.7 3.2 3.1 2.9
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
2.9 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.5
Carrot
weight (g)
373 282 181 156 117
Leaf Wright
(g)
193 140 21 52 35
Total weight
(g)
566 422 202 208 152

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Table 10.1: Length, Diameter (Top, center, bottom), Carrot weight, leaf weight,
total weight Replication 2, Treatment 8 of Carrot
Length (cm) 27 21 26 16 23
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
5.6 4.7 4.2 4 4
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
4.4 2.9 3.9 3.3 2.5
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
1.6 1.2 1.3 2 1
Carrot
weight (g)
324 143 193 137 122
Leaf Wright
(g)
166 65 34 13 32
Total weight
(g)
490 208 227 150 154

30
Length (cm) 26 21 26 21 21
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
4.5 4.9 4.8 3.7 3.3
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
3.5 3.8 2.5 2.6 2.1
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
1.3 1.1 1 1.3 0.8
Carrot
weight (g)
215 195 188 105 78
Leaf Wright
(g)
119 50 52 73 22
Total weight
(g)
334 245 240 178 100

31
Length (cm) 23 30 21.5 22.5 21
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
5.5 4.4 3.8 3.8 3.6
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
3.6 3.4 2.8 2.4 2.9
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
1.8 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.1
Carrot
weight (g)
250 215 130 125 100
Leaf Wright
(g)
25 60 118 50 36
Total weight
(g)
275 275 248 175 136

32
Length (cm) 30 24.5 23 18 16
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
5.9 5.2 5.3 3.3 2.5
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
4.2 3.3 3.5 2.3 2
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
0.9 1 1.3 1.2 1
Carrot
weight (g)
410 247 259 99 64
Leaf Wright
(g)
92 50 83 38 13
Total weight
(g)
502 297 342 137 77

33
Length (cm) 24 24 17 25 17
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
5.9 4.9 4.6 3.8 4.2
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
3.5 3.2 3.3 2.5 2.8
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
1.9 1.4 1.9 1.9 1
Carrot
weight (g)
300 201 203 119 153
Leaf Wright
(g)
54 51 50 38 40
Total weight
(g)
354 252 253 157 193

34
Length (cm) 30 20 23 21 22
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
7 6.4 4.3 4.3 3.7
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
3.3 4 3.1 2.5 2
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
0.8 1.9 1.1 0.9 0.9
Carrot
weight (g)
353 312 167 125 89
Leaf Wright
(g)
178 155 28 39 13
Total weight
(g)
531 467 195 164 102

35
Length (cm) 21 15 22 21 16
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
5.7 5.1 4.4 4.2 3.8
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
3.4 2.8 3.3 3.1 2.6
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
1.6 1.5 1.1 1.2 1
Carrot
weight (g)
250 144 164 164 97
Leaf Wright
(g)
83 127 56 30 19
Total weight
(g)
333 271 220 194 116

36
Length (cm) 22 21 26 23 16
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
4.1 4.5 5.1 3.5 3.6
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
2.8 2.8 2.8 2.1 2.4
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
1.3 1 1.1 1.2 0.8
Carrot
weight (g)
140 147 209 116 90
Leaf Wright
(g)
30 23 35 25 23
Total weight
(g)
170 170 244 141 113
Weight of weak carrots in 1 m 1 Kg

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Length (cm) 25 25 22 17 15
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
5.4 4.9 4.8 4.1 3.9
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
3.1 3 3.2 3.1 2.8
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
1.4 1.2 0.9 1 1
Carrot
weight (g)
246 185 177 147 87
Leaf Wright
(g)
37 39 59 57 14
Total weight
(g)
283 224 236 204 101

38
Length (cm) 25 16 17 26 16
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
4.9 5.6 4.9 3.3 4.1
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
3.8 3.9 2.3 2.4 2.7
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
1.3 2.5 1.3 0.8 0.7
Carrot
weight (g)
250 264 160 120 110
Leaf Wright
(g)
153 109 30 59 34
Total weight
(g)
397 373 190 179 144

39
Length (cm) 21 25 24 26 16
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
6.2 5.6 5 3.7 3.8
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
4 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.4
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
1.6 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.1
Carrot
weight (g)
300 225 194 194 90
Leaf Wright
(g)
123 30 22 49 26
Total weight
(g)
423 255 216 243 116

40
Length (cm) 26 21 18 20 15
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
6.3 4.9 4 3.7 4
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
4.2 2.1 3.4 2.3 2.5
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
1.2 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.5
Carrot
weight (g)
283 173 160 112 133
Leaf Wright
(g)
141 37 33 8 22
Total weight
(g)
424 210 193 120 111

41
Length (cm) 21 27 16.5 16 26
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
6.1 4.3 3.9 4 2.8
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
4.6 3.3 2.3 2.6 1.9
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
3 1.8 1.3 1 0.7
Carrot
weight (g)
338 218 105 95 72
Leaf Wright
(g)
75 47 28 32 13
Total weight
(g)
413 265 133 127 85

42
Length (cm) 29 17.5 22 24 25
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
5.4 4.7 4.6 4.6 3.8
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
3.3 2.8 3 2.7 2.5
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
1.1 1.9 0.9 1.7 1.3
Carrot
weight (g)
283 143 176 127 140
Leaf Wright
(g)
63 13 28 33 36
Total weight
(g)
346 156 204 160 176

43
Length (cm) 22 21 17 16 16
Diameter
(Top) (cm)
6 5.2 4.3 3.7 2.4
Diameter
(Mid) (cm)
4 2.9 3.1 2.6 1.7
Diameter
(Bottom)
(cm)
1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 0.8
Carrot
weight (g)
343 160 140 104 46
Leaf Wright
(g)
110 58 27 26 15
Total weight
(g)
453 218 167 130 61
Weight of weak carrots in 1 m 1 Kg

44
Visit/ Seminar/ Conference
V & O Section Visit with Supervisors:
On 8 February 2023 we started attendance at the V&O office. After attendance with sir
Hafiz Naveed Ramzan we went to V&O farm. Briefly Sir Hafiz Naveed Ramzan explained the
experiments under study. Dr Babar Hussain Babar briefly explained farm activities and
experiments under study and gave us layout of all experiments and told us how to take data of
experiments.
Figure 2: Discussion about layout & farm activities

45
Study Tour of Agronomy Department UAF Main Campus:
On Monday 13 February 2023, a tour of the UAF main campus was attended by us at AARI
Faisalabad. A seminar was held in library hall. All Scientists explained their institutes, their works,
their experiences, stats about different crops in Pakistan and all around the world and their current
work in their Sections/institutes.
After seminar all audience was divided into three groups and went to visit the field experiments
of institute. Under the supervision Of Dr. Fahad Ihsan and Dr Babar Hussain Babar (Agronomic
Research Institute Faisalabad), we visited the Plant Physiology Section AARI. Scientist shared
their Experience about their Experiments of different crops. i.e (stevia, wheat, different medicinal
plants, different weeds).
Figure 3: introduction & visit of Ayub Agricultural Research Institute

46
Then we visited the Oil Seeds Research Institute, Faisalabad. Mam Maryam who is scientist in
Oilseeds Research Institute explained us about her research on different varieties of Brasica Juncia
and Brasica Napus.
She explained us importance of CANOLA and other Oil Seeds Crops. She briefly explained the
Oil Seeds Crops importance and uses in our daily life. Present and future prospects of Oil Seeds
crop in Pakistan were also told by her.
Figure 4: Describing about canola, Brasica Juncia and Brasica Napus

47
Wheat varieties data collection:
On Friday 31 march 2023, we were called by sir Hafiz Naveed Ramzan sb for taking data
(like Plant Height, Spike length, No. of Spikelet’s per spike, No. of grains/spike) of wheat
varieties/lines. We also seen that which variety completed its life cycle first or early and which
one is best variety according to yield parameter. AARI scientists are going to introduce new
varieties of wheat. This was the activity related to the latest wheat lines.
Figure 4: Data collection of Wheat

48
Impact of AARI Varieties and Seed Development system on National Economy of Pakistan
On Monday 09 March 2023, A Seminar on “Impact of AARI Varieties and Seed Development
system on National Economy of Pakistan” was held in the Main Auditorium of D.G Office AARI
Faisalabad.
Scientists from different fields participated and addressed in this seminar. Apart from scientists,
farmers also participated in the seminar and got answers to questions from scientists. Scientists
from all the outstations of Ayub Research participated and informed about the research being done
at their stations. The speakers explained how a crop variety is developed and what problems are
encountered. Apart from this, the officers of the Federal Seed Corporation while addressing said
how the seed of any crop is certified and what are the accessories and what are the problems in the
certification. Addressing the scientists from various departments of Ayub Research, he told how
Ayub Research is playing an important role in crop varieties and seeds not only in Pakistan but
also in the whole world.
Figure 6: Certificate of seminar attendance

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