The document summarizes the history and development of the Internet from its origins as ARPANET in the 1960s to its modern manifestations. It discusses how ARPANET was created by the US military to maintain contact in the event of a nuclear attack. It then outlines the further developments that led to standardization of Internet protocols and the creation of the World Wide Web in 1991. It also examines how the Internet has impacted society through different rates of adoption among groups and the factors influencing individuals' adoption and use of Internet technologies and services.

1. Internet
Revolution
&
Information
Society
Gokul B.Alex, IJT 2009 Evening Batch

2. A little bit of History …
• ARPA
– 1958 - In response to the launch of
Sputnik, the US Department of Defence
issues directive 5105.15 establishing the
Advanced Research Projects Agency
(ARPA).
• ARPANET
– 1962- The need to maintain regular
contact led to the creation of ARPANET
• Using packet switching technique
• Data can reach target even if a nuclear
bomb destroys part of the network

3. Further Developments
• Internet-working Working Group
( INWG )
– Formed in 1972
– To standardise the protocols
• World Wide Web
– Formed in 1991
– CERN ( Credit to Tim Berners Lee )
• Internet Society ( ISOC)
– Formed in 1992
– A co-operative organization

4. Further Developments
• Mosaic
– Developed in 1994
– Graphical Browser
• E-mail
• Chat

5. Catalysts
• Microprocessor
• Optical Fibre
• Memory

6. Internet & Society
• Adopter groups
– Enthusiasts ( Innovators )
– Pragmatists
– Reluctant
– Rejecters
• How and why people adopt
– Motivation and resources
– Voluntary or obliged adoption
• Why adopt and use innovations ?
– Functional : To do something practical
– Experiential : Sensual Pleasure
– Identity : Through Products
• Social and Individual Context

7. Use / Adoption Factors
• Income
• Age and life stage
• Region
• Professional activity
• Education
• Sex
• Ability/Disability
• Capital / Wealth
• Family with children

8. Internet & Society
• National Differences
• Gender Differences
• Generation Of techniques

9. Internet & Identity
• “By 2020, everyone you see around
you will have a simultaneous physical
and digital instantiations” : James
Cascio, futurist

10. Information Capital
• Wikipedia
– Creating localized information
– Accumulated data
• Cognitive surplus
• Facebook
– Social networks exploited by markets
• Twitter
– Propaganda device
– Narcotizing dysfunction
– Information overloading