This document provides an overview of the history and development of the internet from its origins as ARPANET in the late 1960s through the present day. It discusses key milestones like the creation of TCP/IP and the world wide web. The document also examines current internet statistics and highlights the global digital divide. Finally, it briefly discusses recent internet controversies and issues of censorship.

1. and the Ongoing Struggles of
Controversy, Accessibility, and Control
A presentation by Rory Mallette

2. HINT: Click or press →, ↓,
or SPACE to advance!
1957
The United States of America
creates the Advanced Research
Projects Agency in response to the
USSR’s Sputnik launch.

3. 1968
ARPANET is launched as a data
packet sharing network for
ARPA projects.
1972
Ray Tomlinson creates the world’s
first email system as a subset of
ARPANET.

4. 1973
Work begins on TCP/IP, the next step
from ARPANET, which allows for
different computers and networks to
communicate with each other.
1974
The term “Internet” is first used to
describe the TCP/IP, in a paper by
Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn (two of the
“Fathers of the Internet”).

5. 1984
Now more developed, a new
section of APARNET is created for
military usage, called MILNET.
NSFNET follows shortly thereafter,
for the National Science Foundation.
1990
Advanced Network & Services, a
non-profit corporation, was founded
to progress research and
development of high-speed
networking.

6. 1992
The “World-Wide Web” is released,
soon followed by an internet
directory for the hundreds of
thousands of new domains that
were added within the next few
years. 1996
Sprint, AT&T, and various other ISPs
have begun carrying the majority of
internet traffic.
1998
launches, soon becoming the
world’s most popular online search
engine, surpassing Yahoo! (launched
in 1995)

7. 1999
802.11b, commonly known today as
Wi-Fi, is introduced and soon
becomes a standard feature of
portable computers and handhelds.

8. 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

9. Present-Day Statistics:
• ~800,000,000 active Facebook users
• ~170,000,000 active Twitter users
• ~34,000 Google searches per second
• ~8 years of content uploaded to YouTube per day
• 4,110,045 English-language articles on Wikipedia

10. Global Digital Divide
Internet availability differs greatly across the globe, from
country to country.
Source: International Telecommunications Union

11. Canada
Internet users: 27,757,450
% of population: 81.6%

12. United States of America
Internet users: 245,203,319
% of population: 78.3%

13. Mexico
Internet users: ~42,000,000
% of population: 36.5%

14. Falkland Islands
Internet users: 2,908
% of population: 96.4%

15. Sweden
Internet users: 8,270,742
% of population: 91.0%

16. China
Internet users: ~513,100,000
% of population: 38.4%

17. Internet Censorship
A serious social justice issue, internet censorship is the
suppression of publication or access to the internet.
This can be done through a variety of different means,
such as IP blocking (preventing access to specific
websites), URL filtering, and connection resets – all of
which are used as part of the “Great Firewall of China,”
the colloquial name for the government of China’s strict
control over internet censorship.
Other notable examples of internet censorship include
its usage by the Egyptian government during the Arab
Spring movement and its current employment by the
Syrian government.

18. LEARN MORE ABOUT
RECENT INTERNET CONTROVERSIES
HINT: Click the hyperlinks for more information.
Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA)
http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/01/17/why-is-there-going-to-be-a-wikipedia-
blackout-and-what-is-sopa/
Internet Service Blackout in Syria
http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-11-29/world/35585439_1_syrian-people-
hama-opposition-coalition
United Nations Control over the Internet
http://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/house/271153-house-approves-resolution-to-
keep-internet-control-out-of-un-hands

19. REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
http://www.itu.int/ITU-
D/ict/statistics/material/excel/Individuals%20using%20the%20Internet2000-2011.xls
“Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000-2011”, International Telecommunication
Union
http://www.investintech.com/content/historyinternet/
“The History of the Internet”, Investintech PDF Solutions
Dutton, William H.; Dopatka, Anna; Law, Ginette; Nash, Victoria. (2011). Freedom of
connection, freedom of expression: the changing legal and regulatory ecology
shaping the internet. 1-103. UNESCO, Paris, France.
Wells, John; Lewis, Laurie. (2006). Internet access in U.S. public schools and classrooms:
1994-2005. 1-83. Westat, Inc., Rockville, MD.