The document discusses the historical evolution of the internet, comparing it to earlier communication technologies such as the telephone, telegraph, and television. It highlights key developments including the invention of HTML by Tim Berners-Lee and the emergence of the first web browser, Mosaic, as well as addressing issues related to digital divides and internet penetration statistics across different regions. Additionally, it examines the implications of digital access as a moral and political issue, especially in rural areas.

1. Internet Revolution:
Understanding Internet History

3. Let’s compare to…
 Telephone: by Bell on March 10, 1876, “Come
here Watson, I want you”
 Telegraph: by Morse, who began the idea of
telegraph in December 1837 and could ask
Congress for $30,000 years after (in 1843)
 Radio wave: Telsa in 1895 & patent by Marconi in
1896
 TV: Dr. Zworykin @ RCA vs. Philo Farnsworth
from Idaho in 1927

5. The beginning of the Internet
 IMP (Interface
Message Processor)
: origin of router
 LO!

6. The Internet expands (1989/1991)
 Tim Berners-Lee: invented
HTML & WWW
 Emergence of digital divides

7. Usability Increased (1993)
Marc Andreesen
Mosaic: the first
web browser (in
1993)

8. 1995 ~ 1996
 Privatization
 FCC’s Telecommunication Acts

10. Factors Affecting Internet Development
 Privatization
 Technology & bandwidth
 Internetworking across different ISPs
 Flat rate of data usage
 Storage efficiency
 Innovation in Apps

11. Technology Affordances
“the possible actions a person can perform on
an object”
What kind of affordances can we think of with
the computer and internet?

13. Digital Divide
Gap between those people with
effective access to digital and
information technology (“haves”)
and those without (“have-not”)

14. Region Internet
Penetration
(% population)
North America 73.9% -> 78.6%
USA 74.1% ->
90.2%
The rest of the
world
22.0% -> 32.7%
INTERNET Penetration (change
between 2009-2011)

15.  Internet penetration is NOT equal to
broadband penetration
 Broadband definition: At least
3megabits/768 kilobits
 Fixed Broadband penetration of the US
:11th overall among all countries
 Mobile Broadband penetration: 24th
Broadband Penetration

16.  As of 2011…
 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/24/fast
est-internet-speed-pando-august-
2011_n_975491.html#s368162&title=1_South
_Korea
Internet Speed

17.  FCC report on Aug 2012 (p.32)
 Average Speed: 5.8 Mbps
 94% access to broadband infrastructure
 68% actually use it.
 Less than 20% connected by fiber (FCC
report on Aug 2012, p.33)
Digital Divide in the USA

18. Digital lag in rural areas

19.  Ordinary people have different opinions about
digital divide in rural areas.
 Is it a human right? Is it a utility (necessity)
such as electricity, highway, etc.?
 Should the nation invest significant amount of
federal funds for a small fraction of people
who want the high-speed in rural areas?
Digital Divide as Moral and
Political issues

20. Types of Digital Culture
 Techno-elites
 Hackers
 Virtual communitarians
 Participators (the Fifth Estate)