This document discusses various aspects of measuring intelligence, including: 1. It defines intelligence and describes some common definitions from psychologists like Terman, Binet, and Thorndike. 2. It explains the purpose of measuring intelligence is to assess intellectual potential and discusses standards for psychological tests like standardization, reliability, and validity. 3. It describes different types of intelligence tests like individual tests, group tests, verbal tests, and non-verbal tests. It provides examples of individual tests like the Stanford-Binet and various Wechsler scales, and group tests like Raven's Progressive Matrices. 4. It outlines advantages and disadvantages of individual and group intelligence tests. Individual tests are more accurate

1. Assignment
on
MEASUREMENT OF INTELLIGENCE
in
Paper III : Psychological Perspectives of Education
M.Ed. – I
Session 2020-2022
Presented To : Presented By :
Ms. Priyanka Maurya & Diksha Dwivedi
Dr. Tanuja Bhatt
(Assistant Professor)
Department of Education
CHHATRAPATI SHAHU JI MAHARAJ UNIVERSITY,
KANPUR-208024

2. Measurement of Intelligence
PSYCHOLOGY

3. Index
Intelligence Test
Group Intelligence Test
Types of Group Intelligence Test
Intelligent tests based on Scientists
The Stanford-Binet intelligence scale
How to calculate IQ?
Ravens Progressive matrices
Wechsler test
Wechsler adult intelligence test scale
(WAIS)
Wechsler intelligence test scale for
children (WISC)
Advantages of Individual Intelligence Test
Disadvantages of Individual Intelligence
Test
Advantages of Group Intelligence Test
Disadvantages of Group
References
What is Intelligence?
Definition of Intelligence
What is Measurement of Intelligence?
Purpose of Measuring Intelligence
Types of Intelligent Test
Individual Intelligence Test
Types of Individual Intelligence Test
Verbal method of Individual Intelligence Test
Non-verbal method of Individual Intelligence Test
Performance method of Individual Intelligence Test
Picture arrangement test
Picture completion test
Object assembly test
Digit symbol test
Block design test

4. What is
Intelligence?
• Intelligence can be defined as the ability to
learn from experience, to recognize
problems, and solve them effectively.

5. Definition
of
Intelligence
Terman defined intelligence as "the ability to
carry on abstract thinking".
Binet defined it as the capacity to judge well,
to reason well and to comprehend well.
Thorndike assumed that intelligence involves
three mutually independent abilities.
• Abstract intelligence - the ability to verbal and symbolic
thinking
• Mechanical intelligence - the ability to effectively control
your body and manipulate objects
• Social intelligence - the ability to communicate with
people, understand and perform in social relations

6. What is Measurement of Intelligence?
We measure Intelligence of an individual with the
help of Intelligent tests, it includes basic ability to
understand world around us, understand its
functioning and apply this knowledge to enhance
the quality of our life.
Intelligent tests are psychological tests that are
designed to measure a variety of mental functions,
such as reasoning, comprehension and
judgement.

7. Purpose of Measuring Intelligence
The goal is to obtain an idea of the
person’s intellectual potential.
There are three scientific standards
for psychological test in order to
measure intelligence :
• Standardization – establish norms and uniform
procedures for giving and scoring tests
• Reliability – measure stability and consistency
of test scores over the time
• Validity – check the ability of a test to see how
it measures.

8. Types of Intelligent
Test
1. Based on number of individuals to be
tested :
• Individual test - One individual are tested
at a time.
• Group test - Group of individuals are
tested at a time.

9. 2. Based on the forms of test :
• Verbal test - Uses language or
paper and pencil
• Non-Verbal test - They are meant
for students who have speech,
language, or hearing impairments or
who are not verbally communicative.
For example – Performance Test.

10. Individual Intelligence Test
This test can be administered to only one individual at a time.
It is costly in terms of administration and time.
A trained tester is required to administer it.
There is face to face interaction between the individual and the tester.
It is more reliable.
Guidelines can be provided to individual on the basis of result.

11. It is useful for small children.
The tester can motivate the individual be means of praise and encouragement
as he can adopt to needs of the individual child.
There is very little scope for cheating.
There is no competition in this method.
Instructions can be made clear before testing.

12. Types of Individual
Intelligence Test
• Types of individual intelligence test are -
a) Verbal method
b) Non-verbal method
c) Performance test

13. a) Verbal
Method
In this method language ability is essential.
The individual can answer through verbal way
such as reasoning memory and numerical
abilities.
Verbal test can only be administrated to
literate people not the dumb, or those who
doesn’t understand your language.
It required verbal responses in either oral or
written form.

14. b) Non-
verbal
Method
It deals with diagram and picture.
This test is free from language
barrier and do not require reading
skills.
It can administrate illiterate and
natives.

15. c)Performance
Method of IIT
It required subjects to manipulate
objects to perform a task; written
language is not necessary for
answering.
It can be easily administered to
people of different cultures.
For example – assemble a pattern
of blocks, assemble animal
picture.

16. Performance
Intelligence Test
• It has five sub tests as –
1. Picture arrangement test
2. Picture completion test
3. Object assembly test
4. Digit symbol test
5. Block design test

17. Picture
arrangement test
• The subject is given the task to arrange the
pictures as quickly as possible so that a
reasonable and meaningful story is formed.

18. Picture
completion test
• Picture-completion test a
type of test consisting of
drawings of familiar objects
with features missing. The
task is to recognize and
specify the missing parts.

19. Object assembly
test
• A type of intelligence test item or subtest in
which the respondent tries to fit a number of
shapes together to form a recognizable
object.
• It measures visual-motor, problem-solving,
visual anticipation skills.

20. Digit symbol test
• The digit symbol substitution test is an evaluation
tool used to assess cognitive functioning. It initially
was part of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test
(WAIS).
• The digit symbol test involves a key consisting of
the numbers 1-9, each paired with a unique, easy-
to-draw symbol such as a "V", "+" or ">". Below
the key are a series of the numbers 1-9 in random
order and repeated several times.

21. • The test taker is then allowed 90 or 120 seconds (depending on the
test version) to fill in the corresponding symbol for each number. This
task requires the individual to visually scan the answer key provided at
the top of the test and then write the correct symbol by each number.
• The digit symbol test measures processing speed, working memory,
visuospatial processing, and attention.

22. Block design test
• A block design test is a subtest on many IQ test
batteries used as part of assessment of human
intelligence.
• It is thought to tap spatial visualization ability and
motor skill.
• The test-taker uses hand movements to rearrange
blocks that have various color patterns on different
sides to match a pattern.

23. Group
Intelligence
Test
It is administered to a group at the same time.
It is less costly in terms of administration and
time.
No trained person is required to administer it.
There is no such face to face interaction.
Group tests can be influenced by many
factors.

24. • It is suitable for older children and adults.
• It is not possible to motivate people in this method.
• Cheating on a large-scale is possible.
• Speed and reading ability may influence the test score.
• Several formalities are observed in administering.
• A few members of the group may not understand the instructions.

25. Types of Group Intelligent Test
• Types of group intelligence test are -
a) Verbal method
b) Non-verbal method

26. Intelligent tests based on Scientists
1. The Stanford-Binet intelligence scale
2. Ravens Progressive matrices
3. Wechsler test
a) Wechsler adult intelligence test scale (WAIS)
b) Wechsler intelligence test scale for children (WISC)

27. The Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale
• The Stanford Binet IQ Test is an intelligence test used to identify gifted
children or the children with mental deficiency. The Stanford-Binet is the
first official intelligence assessment. It was prepared by Alfred Binet and
Theodore Simon.
• This test must be conducted by experts. The test should be performed
individually. There should not be any noise and any distracting materials in
the test room.
• It is commonly accepted that the test can be taken from the age of 2 to
adulthood
• It is a cognitive ability and intelligence test that is used to diagnose
developmental or intellectual deficiencies in young children.

28. How to
calculate IQ?
• IQ = Mental age /
Chronological age * 100
• For example- A child aged
10 years and his mental
age is 12 years, so his IQ
will be : 12/10*100 = 120

29. Current Version
• The Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale is now in its fifth edition (SB5) and
was released in 2003.
• The test measures five weighted factors and consists of both verbal and
nonverbal subtests.
• The five factors being tested are –
a) Knowledge
b) Quantitative reasoning
c) Visual-spatial processing
d) Working memory
e) Fluid reasoning.

30. Raven's Progressive Matrices
• Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM) is a nonverbal test typically used
to measure general human intelligence and abstract reasoning and is
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid intelligence.
• It is one of the most common tests administered to both groups and
individuals ranging from 5-year-olds to the elderly.
• It comprises 60 multiple choice questions, listed in order of increasing
difficulty.
• This format is designed to measure the test taker's general intelligence.

31. • All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices
to pick from and fill in the missing piece.
• For example- Identify the missing pattern.

32. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
• The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an IQ test designed by
American psychologist Wechsler to measure intelligence and cognitive
ability in adults and older adolescents.
• Created to be used with adults (age 16 to 89).
• One benefit of this approach is that the pattern of scores can also
provide useful information. For example, scoring high in certain areas
but low in others might indicate the presence of a specific learning
disability.

33. Versions of the WAIS
• There have been four different versions of the WAIS over the years.
These include:
• WAIS (1955)
• WAIS-R (1981)
• WAIS-III (1997)
• WAIS-IV (2008)

34. Current Version of WAIS
• The current version of the WAIS was released in 2008 and includes ten
core subtests as well as five supplemental subtests. Additionally, the
WAIS-IV test provides four major scores.
• Scores Provided are -
a) Perceptual Reasoning
b) Processing Speed
c) Verbal Comprehension
d) Working Memory.

35. • The WAIS-IV also provides two overall summary scores including a
Full-Scale IQ and a General Ability Index.
• The WAIS surpassed the Stanford-Binet in use during the 1960s.
Today, the WAIS is the most frequently intelligence test in the world
with both adolescents and adults.
• Data collection for the newest version of the test (WAIS-V) is
progressing through spring 2020.

36. Wechsler intelligence test scale for
children (WISC)
• The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) is an individually
administered intelligence test for children between the ages of 6 and
16.
• It generates a Full Scale IQ (formerly known as an intelligence quotient
or IQ score) that represents a child's general intellectual ability.
•

37. Current Version of WISC
• The Fifth Edition (WISC-V; Wechsler, 2014) is the most recent version.
• The WISC-V takes 45–65 minutes to administer.
• It provides five primary index scores: Verbal Comprehension Index,
Visual Spatial Index, Fluid Reasoning Index, Working Memory Index,
and Processing Speed Index.
• These indices represent a child's abilities in discrete cognitive domains.
Five ancillary composite scores can be derived from various
combinations of primary or primary and secondary subtests.

38. Advantages of Individual
Intelligence Test

39. • More attention is paid
• The results are accurate
• The behavior can be observed easily
• The examinee can easily convince and encourage the person:
• Results and the scores are not dependent
• The speed is one additional factor
• More time to understand the person
• The efficiency is way better than other methods.

40. Disadvantages of Individual Intelligence Test
• Time-consuming
• It costs more than other procedures
• Trained and experienced examiner is required
• Lots of money and investment is required

41. Advantages of Group Intelligence Test
• One time, more people
• The role of examiner simplifies
• Better norms are established
• Efficiency is more
• Score more objective
• Less power is required

42. Disadvantages
of Group
Intelligence
Test
The results and the information is less accurate
The scores are dependent on other things
Less cooperation is maintained
Difficult to maintain rapport
The interest is not easily maintained
The results are examined readily
Boredom over easy items and frustrated over difficult ones
The examiners response in a more strict manner

43. References
• https://content.wisestep.com
• https://www.verywellmind.com
• Feldman S. Robert (2004) . Measurement of Intelligence .
Understanding Psychology (6th Edition) . Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
company limited .
• https://open.lib.umn.edu
• https://opentextbc.ca
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com

44. Thank you
The end