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Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses types A, B, and C. Type A is known to cause pandemics and epidemics may occur every 2-3 years between pandemics. There are currently three circulating strains of influenza A virus: H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2. Avian influenza, particularly the H5N1 strain, has pandemic potential and first infected humans in 1997. Influenza viruses are unique in their frequent antigenic variation, which can result in either antigenic drift (gradual change) or antigenic shift (abrupt major change). The virus is transmitted through droplets and humans and various animals can act as reservoirs. Prevention
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Influenza (community medicine)
Influenza, or seasonal flu, is caused by influenza viruses type A, B, or C. Type A viruses can cause pandemics when new subtypes emerge that humans have little immunity against. Influenza spreads easily through droplets and contact. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and sore throat. Young children, elderly adults, and those with underlying health conditions are at highest risk of complications like pneumonia. Seasonal flu epidemics typically occur in winter. Vaccination is recommended for at-risk groups. Antiviral drugs can treat influenza if started early. Good hygiene and avoiding sick people can help prevent spread.
Management of Influenza
This document discusses influenza (flu), including its causes, symptoms, high-risk groups, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Some key points:
- Influenza is caused by influenza viruses that infect the respiratory tract and can cause illness from mild to severe. Outbreaks occur yearly.
- High-risk groups include young children, elderly adults, pregnant women and those with underlying health conditions.
- Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat and body aches. Severe cases can lead to pneumonia or respiratory failure.
- Diagnosis involves virus detection tests on respiratory samples. Treatment focuses on antiviral drugs, rest and fever control. Prevention includes annual flu vaccines and good hygiene practices.
Epidemiology H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu)
This presentation covers the epidemiology of influenza, including H1N1 influenza. It discusses the influenza virus types and subtypes, including antigenic shift and drift. It describes the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus and the global, regional, and national epidemiological burden. Host and environmental epidemiological determinants are examined. The modes of transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, case management, prevention and control measures, and the national response are summarized.
Influenza: Symptoms, causes, treatment and prevention
The document provides information about influenza (the flu). It describes influenza as a contagious respiratory illness caused by viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs. The flu can be spread through coughing, sneezing, or touching surfaces with the virus. Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, and tiredness. While similar to a cold, the flu causes more severe symptoms that can last for two to three weeks. Vaccination each year is recommended to prevent the flu.
Seasonal Influenza
This document discusses seasonal influenza and the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. It provides a timeline of 20th century influenza pandemics. It then discusses the 2015 swine flu epidemic in India, noting over 33,000 cases and 2,000 deaths reported. It also provides data on cases and deaths from swine flu at Dayanand Medical College & Hospital in Ludhiana, with 71 cases and 11 deaths. The document compares H1N1 to seasonal influenza and discusses epidemiology, virology and clinical presentation of influenza.
Influenza facts and prevention
Presentation on Influenza facts, prevention, swine flu for non medical audience ( Rotaract Club)
Given on October 2010 in egypt
Control and prevention_of_influenza
Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. Antigenic shift and drift lead to new viral strains and seasonal flu. Transmission occurs via droplets, direct contact, or surfaces. Vaccination and good hygiene are recommended for prevention. Antiviral drugs can reduce symptoms but are best taken within 48 hours of symptoms. High risk groups like young children, elderly, and pregnant women should get the flu shot annually.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PANDEMIC INFLUENZA
- The document discusses the epidemiology of the H1N1 influenza pandemic in India, including transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
- It describes H1N1 as a flu virus that was first detected in 2009 and caused a global pandemic. Transmission is via respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing of infected individuals.
- Clinical features can range from mild to severe illness including pneumonia. At risk groups include young children, pregnant women and those with underlying health conditions. Diagnosis is via RT-PCR testing of respiratory samples. Treatment involves oseltamivir or zanamivir antivirals and vaccination is available for prevention.
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Influenza (community medicine)
Influenza, or seasonal flu, is caused by influenza viruses type A, B, or C. Type A viruses can cause pandemics when new subtypes emerge that humans have little immunity against. Influenza spreads easily through droplets and contact. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and sore throat. Young children, elderly adults, and those with underlying health conditions are at highest risk of complications like pneumonia. Seasonal flu epidemics typically occur in winter. Vaccination is recommended for at-risk groups. Antiviral drugs can treat influenza if started early. Good hygiene and avoiding sick people can help prevent spread.
Management of Influenza
This document discusses influenza (flu), including its causes, symptoms, high-risk groups, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Some key points:
- Influenza is caused by influenza viruses that infect the respiratory tract and can cause illness from mild to severe. Outbreaks occur yearly.
- High-risk groups include young children, elderly adults, pregnant women and those with underlying health conditions.
- Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat and body aches. Severe cases can lead to pneumonia or respiratory failure.
- Diagnosis involves virus detection tests on respiratory samples. Treatment focuses on antiviral drugs, rest and fever control. Prevention includes annual flu vaccines and good hygiene practices.
Epidemiology H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu)
This presentation covers the epidemiology of influenza, including H1N1 influenza. It discusses the influenza virus types and subtypes, including antigenic shift and drift. It describes the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus and the global, regional, and national epidemiological burden. Host and environmental epidemiological determinants are examined. The modes of transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, case management, prevention and control measures, and the national response are summarized.
Influenza: Symptoms, causes, treatment and prevention
The document provides information about influenza (the flu). It describes influenza as a contagious respiratory illness caused by viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs. The flu can be spread through coughing, sneezing, or touching surfaces with the virus. Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, and tiredness. While similar to a cold, the flu causes more severe symptoms that can last for two to three weeks. Vaccination each year is recommended to prevent the flu.
Seasonal Influenza
This document discusses seasonal influenza and the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. It provides a timeline of 20th century influenza pandemics. It then discusses the 2015 swine flu epidemic in India, noting over 33,000 cases and 2,000 deaths reported. It also provides data on cases and deaths from swine flu at Dayanand Medical College & Hospital in Ludhiana, with 71 cases and 11 deaths. The document compares H1N1 to seasonal influenza and discusses epidemiology, virology and clinical presentation of influenza.
Influenza facts and prevention
Presentation on Influenza facts, prevention, swine flu for non medical audience ( Rotaract Club)
Given on October 2010 in egypt
Control and prevention_of_influenza
Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. Antigenic shift and drift lead to new viral strains and seasonal flu. Transmission occurs via droplets, direct contact, or surfaces. Vaccination and good hygiene are recommended for prevention. Antiviral drugs can reduce symptoms but are best taken within 48 hours of symptoms. High risk groups like young children, elderly, and pregnant women should get the flu shot annually.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PANDEMIC INFLUENZA
- The document discusses the epidemiology of the H1N1 influenza pandemic in India, including transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
- It describes H1N1 as a flu virus that was first detected in 2009 and caused a global pandemic. Transmission is via respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing of infected individuals.
- Clinical features can range from mild to severe illness including pneumonia. At risk groups include young children, pregnant women and those with underlying health conditions. Diagnosis is via RT-PCR testing of respiratory samples. Treatment involves oseltamivir or zanamivir antivirals and vaccination is available for prevention.
-Influenza-epidemiology,prevention and control
This document provides an overview of influenza, including its history, epidemiology, types, transmission, prevention, and control. It discusses how influenza is caused by orthomyxoviruses, with type A being the most severe and causing pandemics. Seasonal epidemics typically peak between November to March in temperate regions. Prevention methods include annual vaccination and practicing respiratory hygiene and isolation precautions.
Infleunza
What is influenza ,ethology ,types ,presentations signs and symptoms ,epidemic influenza ,laboratory investigations , management , the WHO guidelines in dealing with cases and contact
Influenza
This document discusses a case of a 5-month-old male child presenting with fever for 5 days, cough and cold for 3 days, and breathing difficulty for 2 days. Investigations show mild bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray. The probable diagnosis is influenza. Treatment would include oseltamivir and supportive care. If symptoms do not resolve after 10 days of treatment, resistance to the antiviral should be tested and dosage adjusted.
Influenza Antiviral treatment recommendations
Wild birds act as a natural reservoir for all influenza A subtypes. There are currently two influenza A subtypes (H1N1 and H3N2) and two influenza B lineages circulating among humans. Neuraminidase inhibitors like oseltamivir are recommended for treating influenza. They work by preventing the virus from being released from infected cells. Early treatment within 48 hours of symptoms provides the greatest benefit in shortening illness duration and reducing complications.
Influenza in Children Recommendations for Prevention &Treatment
1. Seasonal influenza is caused by influenza viruses that mainly affect the respiratory system. While it can affect people of all ages, children, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals are most at risk of serious complications.
2. Influenza viruses are classified into types A, B, and C based on antigenic differences. Influenza A viruses are further subtyped by their surface proteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase.
3. Influenza spreads through respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes. Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches. While most people recover in a week, influenza can cause serious illness requiring hospitalization, especially in high-risk
Flu, Influenza and homeopathy treatment
Influenza (flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness. Serious outcomes of flu infection can result in hospitalization or death. Some people, such as older people, young children, and people with certain health conditions are at high risk for serious flu complications.
Influenza epidemiology
- Influenza viruses are divided into types A, B, and C. Type A is further divided into subtypes based on the H and N surface proteins, with 16 H and 9 N combinations possible.
- Wild birds are the natural reservoir for all influenza A subtypes. Antigenic drift causes small changes in circulating strains over time, necessitating annual vaccine updates. Antigenic shift involves genetic reassortment between human and animal viruses and can cause pandemics.
- Seasonal influenza causes annual epidemics that typically infect 10-20% of the population. While most recover without treatment, influenza can cause severe illness or death in high-risk groups. Avian influenza viruses usually do not
Swine flu
Dr. Sachin Verma is a young, diligent and dynamic physician. He did his graduation from IGMC Shimla and MD in Internal Medicine from GSVM Medical College Kanpur. Then he did his Fellowship in Intensive Care Medicine (FICM) from Apollo Hospital Delhi. He has done fellowship in infectious diseases by Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA). He has also done FCCS course and is certified Advance Cardiac Life support (ACLS) and Basic Life Support (BLS) provider by American Heart Association. He has also done a course in Cardiology by American College of Cardiology and a course in Diabetology by International Diabetes Centre. He specializes in the management of Infections, Multiorgan Dysfunctions and Critically ill patients and has many publications and presentations in various national conferences under his belt. He is currently working in NABH Approved Ivy super-specialty Hospital Mohali as Consultant Intensivists and Physician.
1918 Influenza
This document summarizes several influenza pandemics throughout history. It discusses the epidemiology of influenza viruses and how they commonly mutate, requiring annual vaccines. It then describes several major flu pandemics in detail, including the deadly Spanish flu from 1918 which killed 20-50 million people globally, the Asian flu of 1957 caused by the H2N2 virus which killed 1-4 million, and the Hong Kong flu of 1968 caused by H3N2 virus which killed around 750,000 people worldwide including 34,000 in the US. It also briefly discusses the 1976 swine flu scare in the US.
Influenza virus-Flu
Influenza viruses are members of the Orthomyxoviridae family and contain segmented negative-sense RNA. There are four types of influenza viruses (A, B, C, and D), with types A and B causing seasonal flu epidemics in humans. Influenza A viruses are further classified into subtypes based on combinations of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins. Influenza spreads easily through respiratory droplets when infected people cough or sneeze. Symptoms include fever, cough, and sore throat. While most people recover within a week, influenza can cause severe illness or death in high risk groups. Laboratory tests can confirm the presence of the virus. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and antiviral
Influenza
Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses types A, B, and C. Type A is more pathogenic and causes pandemics by mutating into new subtypes. The virus attaches to respiratory cells using hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins. Symptoms include fever, cough, and sore throat. Complications can include pneumonia. Antiviral drugs like oseltamivir and zanamivir can reduce symptoms if taken early. Vaccination is recommended for high-risk groups annually.
20180211 influenza
Influenza, or flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. There are three main types of influenza viruses, A, B, and C, with types A and B causing seasonal epidemics in humans. Influenza A viruses are further classified into subtypes based on two surface proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Influenza spreads easily through droplets from coughs or sneezes and can lead to complications like pneumonia. High risk groups include young children, elderly adults, and those with chronic health conditions. Vaccination is recommended annually to protect against the strains predicted to circulate in a given year.
Influenza
This document summarizes key information about influenza, including its symptoms, transmission, at-risk groups, past pandemics like the 1918 Spanish Flu, and the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. It describes influenza as a viral respiratory infection causing fever, cough, and sore throat. Influenza spreads through respiratory droplets and has caused pandemics when new strains emerge. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic began in Mexico and spread globally within months, ultimately causing over 150,000 deaths worldwide.
Swine flu
This document discusses swine flu, caused by the H1N1 influenza virus. It began as a pandemic in 2009 that spread to nearly every country and affected many people in India from 2009-2014. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and can be shed for up to a week. Those at highest risk include young children, older adults, pregnant women, and those with chronic health conditions. The virus is an RNA virus from the Orthomyxoviridae family that undergoes genetic drift and shift. Clinical features include fever, sore throat, and myalgia. Complications can include pneumonia, encephalitis, and multi-organ failure.
Influenza
Influenza is a highly contagious viral infection that causes fever, body aches, and respiratory symptoms. It spreads easily and can cause severe illness especially in young children, elderly adults, and those with weakened immune systems. The influenza virus is classified into types A, B, and C. Type A causes the most serious disease. Symptoms are diagnosed through viral testing of respiratory samples. Complications can include pneumonia, which is especially dangerous for high-risk groups. Treatment focuses on antiviral drugs that target the virus's neuraminidase or M2 proteins.
H1N1 presentation
The document provides an overview of H1N1 virus including its definition, pathophysiology, prevention, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, medical management, and nursing interventions. It reports that 138 cases of H1N1 were identified in Palestine in 2014 with the highest incidence in those over 40 years old. Prevention focuses on vaccination while treatment involves antiviral medications like oseltamivir and zanamivir to reduce symptoms. Nursing care centers on patient isolation, monitoring, medication administration, education, and supportive measures.
Kuwait influenza case management guidelines for 2nd flu workshop 2016
This document provides guidance on clinical case management of influenza patients presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory illness (SARI). It outlines case definitions and describes potential case scenarios ranging from mild uncomplicated ILI to severe or complicated ILI. For mild cases, it recommends symptomatic care and antivirals for high-risk groups. Severe or complicated cases should be hospitalized, treated with antivirals, and may require intensive care. Clinical signs for hospitalization include respiratory distress, hypoxia, hypotension, or altered mental status.
Swine Flu
The excellent presentations can help you learn about the disease and take effective steps for its prevention.
Influenza in children
This document discusses influenza in children. Key points include:
- Influenza infection disproportionately affects young children and is a significant global disease burden, especially in developing countries.
- Children under 5 years old, especially under 2, are at highest risk of complications from influenza. Other high-risk groups include those with neurological disorders, heart or lung disease, diabetes, or immunosuppression.
- Common complications in children include pneumonia, ear infections, and myositis. Testing and early treatment with oseltamivir is recommended for high-risk groups and others requiring antiviral treatment.
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This simple presentation is just a brain storming one to shed light on the influenza infection & its management
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This document summarizes key informant interviews and a literature review on opportunistic infections in HIV+ patients in Peru. The most common opportunistic infections in Peru are tuberculosis, chronic diarrhea, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and parasitic infections like coccidiosis and giardiasis. Barriers to preventing opportunistic infections include poverty, malnutrition, a weak health system, and stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS. While antiretroviral therapy has reduced opportunistic infections, late diagnosis, drug interactions, and lack of adherence remain challenges. More research is needed on the regional prevalence and management of opportunistic infections in Peru.
Infection Control
Influenza is caused by a virus and there are many types of influenza viruses. It spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks within 3 feet of another person. The flu vaccine contains 3 primary strains each year to protect against the strains predicted to circulate in the upcoming season, but the correct prediction is not always made. Getting the flu vaccine between late September and October provides around 5-6 months of immunity.
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This document provides an overview of influenza, including its history, epidemiology, types, transmission, prevention, and control. It discusses how influenza is caused by orthomyxoviruses, with type A being the most severe and causing pandemics. Seasonal epidemics typically peak between November to March in temperate regions. Prevention methods include annual vaccination and practicing respiratory hygiene and isolation precautions.
Infleunza
What is influenza ,ethology ,types ,presentations signs and symptoms ,epidemic influenza ,laboratory investigations , management , the WHO guidelines in dealing with cases and contact
Influenza
This document discusses a case of a 5-month-old male child presenting with fever for 5 days, cough and cold for 3 days, and breathing difficulty for 2 days. Investigations show mild bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray. The probable diagnosis is influenza. Treatment would include oseltamivir and supportive care. If symptoms do not resolve after 10 days of treatment, resistance to the antiviral should be tested and dosage adjusted.
Influenza Antiviral treatment recommendations
Wild birds act as a natural reservoir for all influenza A subtypes. There are currently two influenza A subtypes (H1N1 and H3N2) and two influenza B lineages circulating among humans. Neuraminidase inhibitors like oseltamivir are recommended for treating influenza. They work by preventing the virus from being released from infected cells. Early treatment within 48 hours of symptoms provides the greatest benefit in shortening illness duration and reducing complications.
Influenza in Children Recommendations for Prevention &Treatment
1. Seasonal influenza is caused by influenza viruses that mainly affect the respiratory system. While it can affect people of all ages, children, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals are most at risk of serious complications.
2. Influenza viruses are classified into types A, B, and C based on antigenic differences. Influenza A viruses are further subtyped by their surface proteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase.
3. Influenza spreads through respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes. Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches. While most people recover in a week, influenza can cause serious illness requiring hospitalization, especially in high-risk
Flu, Influenza and homeopathy treatment
Influenza (flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness. Serious outcomes of flu infection can result in hospitalization or death. Some people, such as older people, young children, and people with certain health conditions are at high risk for serious flu complications.
Influenza epidemiology
- Influenza viruses are divided into types A, B, and C. Type A is further divided into subtypes based on the H and N surface proteins, with 16 H and 9 N combinations possible.
- Wild birds are the natural reservoir for all influenza A subtypes. Antigenic drift causes small changes in circulating strains over time, necessitating annual vaccine updates. Antigenic shift involves genetic reassortment between human and animal viruses and can cause pandemics.
- Seasonal influenza causes annual epidemics that typically infect 10-20% of the population. While most recover without treatment, influenza can cause severe illness or death in high-risk groups. Avian influenza viruses usually do not
Swine flu
Dr. Sachin Verma is a young, diligent and dynamic physician. He did his graduation from IGMC Shimla and MD in Internal Medicine from GSVM Medical College Kanpur. Then he did his Fellowship in Intensive Care Medicine (FICM) from Apollo Hospital Delhi. He has done fellowship in infectious diseases by Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA). He has also done FCCS course and is certified Advance Cardiac Life support (ACLS) and Basic Life Support (BLS) provider by American Heart Association. He has also done a course in Cardiology by American College of Cardiology and a course in Diabetology by International Diabetes Centre. He specializes in the management of Infections, Multiorgan Dysfunctions and Critically ill patients and has many publications and presentations in various national conferences under his belt. He is currently working in NABH Approved Ivy super-specialty Hospital Mohali as Consultant Intensivists and Physician.
1918 Influenza
This document summarizes several influenza pandemics throughout history. It discusses the epidemiology of influenza viruses and how they commonly mutate, requiring annual vaccines. It then describes several major flu pandemics in detail, including the deadly Spanish flu from 1918 which killed 20-50 million people globally, the Asian flu of 1957 caused by the H2N2 virus which killed 1-4 million, and the Hong Kong flu of 1968 caused by H3N2 virus which killed around 750,000 people worldwide including 34,000 in the US. It also briefly discusses the 1976 swine flu scare in the US.
Influenza virus-Flu
Influenza viruses are members of the Orthomyxoviridae family and contain segmented negative-sense RNA. There are four types of influenza viruses (A, B, C, and D), with types A and B causing seasonal flu epidemics in humans. Influenza A viruses are further classified into subtypes based on combinations of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins. Influenza spreads easily through respiratory droplets when infected people cough or sneeze. Symptoms include fever, cough, and sore throat. While most people recover within a week, influenza can cause severe illness or death in high risk groups. Laboratory tests can confirm the presence of the virus. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and antiviral
Influenza
Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses types A, B, and C. Type A is more pathogenic and causes pandemics by mutating into new subtypes. The virus attaches to respiratory cells using hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins. Symptoms include fever, cough, and sore throat. Complications can include pneumonia. Antiviral drugs like oseltamivir and zanamivir can reduce symptoms if taken early. Vaccination is recommended for high-risk groups annually.
20180211 influenza
Influenza, or flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. There are three main types of influenza viruses, A, B, and C, with types A and B causing seasonal epidemics in humans. Influenza A viruses are further classified into subtypes based on two surface proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Influenza spreads easily through droplets from coughs or sneezes and can lead to complications like pneumonia. High risk groups include young children, elderly adults, and those with chronic health conditions. Vaccination is recommended annually to protect against the strains predicted to circulate in a given year.
Influenza
This document summarizes key information about influenza, including its symptoms, transmission, at-risk groups, past pandemics like the 1918 Spanish Flu, and the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. It describes influenza as a viral respiratory infection causing fever, cough, and sore throat. Influenza spreads through respiratory droplets and has caused pandemics when new strains emerge. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic began in Mexico and spread globally within months, ultimately causing over 150,000 deaths worldwide.
Swine flu
This document discusses swine flu, caused by the H1N1 influenza virus. It began as a pandemic in 2009 that spread to nearly every country and affected many people in India from 2009-2014. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and can be shed for up to a week. Those at highest risk include young children, older adults, pregnant women, and those with chronic health conditions. The virus is an RNA virus from the Orthomyxoviridae family that undergoes genetic drift and shift. Clinical features include fever, sore throat, and myalgia. Complications can include pneumonia, encephalitis, and multi-organ failure.
Influenza
Influenza is a highly contagious viral infection that causes fever, body aches, and respiratory symptoms. It spreads easily and can cause severe illness especially in young children, elderly adults, and those with weakened immune systems. The influenza virus is classified into types A, B, and C. Type A causes the most serious disease. Symptoms are diagnosed through viral testing of respiratory samples. Complications can include pneumonia, which is especially dangerous for high-risk groups. Treatment focuses on antiviral drugs that target the virus's neuraminidase or M2 proteins.
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The document provides an overview of H1N1 virus including its definition, pathophysiology, prevention, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, medical management, and nursing interventions. It reports that 138 cases of H1N1 were identified in Palestine in 2014 with the highest incidence in those over 40 years old. Prevention focuses on vaccination while treatment involves antiviral medications like oseltamivir and zanamivir to reduce symptoms. Nursing care centers on patient isolation, monitoring, medication administration, education, and supportive measures.
Kuwait influenza case management guidelines for 2nd flu workshop 2016
This document provides guidance on clinical case management of influenza patients presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory illness (SARI). It outlines case definitions and describes potential case scenarios ranging from mild uncomplicated ILI to severe or complicated ILI. For mild cases, it recommends symptomatic care and antivirals for high-risk groups. Severe or complicated cases should be hospitalized, treated with antivirals, and may require intensive care. Clinical signs for hospitalization include respiratory distress, hypoxia, hypotension, or altered mental status.
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The excellent presentations can help you learn about the disease and take effective steps for its prevention.
Influenza in children
This document discusses influenza in children. Key points include:
- Influenza infection disproportionately affects young children and is a significant global disease burden, especially in developing countries.
- Children under 5 years old, especially under 2, are at highest risk of complications from influenza. Other high-risk groups include those with neurological disorders, heart or lung disease, diabetes, or immunosuppression.
- Common complications in children include pneumonia, ear infections, and myositis. Testing and early treatment with oseltamivir is recommended for high-risk groups and others requiring antiviral treatment.
Influenza infection
This simple presentation is just a brain storming one to shed light on the influenza infection & its management
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Influenza is caused by a virus and there are many types of influenza viruses. It spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks within 3 feet of another person. The flu vaccine contains 3 primary strains each year to protect against the strains predicted to circulate in the upcoming season, but the correct prediction is not always made. Getting the flu vaccine between late September and October provides around 5-6 months of immunity.
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This document discusses opportunistic infections that can occur in AIDS patients with low CD4 counts. It outlines the most common opportunistic infections such as PCP pneumonia, candida esophagitis, and cryptococcal meningitis. It also provides guidelines for prophylaxis of opportunistic infections for patients with CD4 counts below 200 or 100, including recommendations for Bactrim/Septra or Zithromax.
Hiv and oppurtunistic infections
HIV infects and destroys CD4+ T cells, leading to immunosuppression and opportunistic infections. In 1981, the first AIDS cases were reported in homosexual men with PCP. HIV was identified as the cause in 1984. It is transmitted sexually or through blood/bodily fluids. Profound CD4+ T cell loss and impaired immune response are hallmarks of AIDS. Opportunistic infections like PCP occur when CD4+ levels drop below 200. Antiretroviral therapy and treatment/prophylaxis of opportunistic infections can improve health and longevity for those with HIV/AIDS.
HIV
The document provides an outline on HIV pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment. It discusses how HIV causes immunosuppression leading to opportunistic infections affecting the respiratory, cardiac, neurological, ophthalmological, gastrointestinal, and renal systems. Common opportunistic infections include Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and cytomegalovirus retinitis. Treatment involves antiretroviral therapy and prophylaxis depending on CD4 count. Health care providers need to consider acute HIV infection and opportunistic diseases in patients presenting with related symptoms.
Surviellance
The document provides information on Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP), India's decentralized disease surveillance program. IDSP aims to detect early warning signals of disease outbreaks and monitor ongoing disease control programs. It covers syndromes under surveillance, types of surveillance, reporting units, data collection process, laboratory confirmation, and specimen collection guidelines for different diseases/syndromes including blood, stool, throat swabs, and cerebrospinal fluid. Detailed methods are given for safe collection, storage, and transportation of specimens to laboratories for testing and confirmation.
5. pathophysiology of the diseases
The document discusses the pathophysiology of AIDS, autoimmune diseases, and hypersensitivity reactions. It provides details on the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of AIDS, describing how HIV infects and destroys CD4 cells, leading to immunosuppression. Mechanisms of several autoimmune diseases like Graves' disease and rheumatoid arthritis are examined, focusing on how lymphocytes fail to recognize the body's own cells and tissues, resulting in autoimmune responses.
Opportunistic infections (oi) deepa
Opportunistic infections are infections that occur more frequently and are more severe in people with weakened immune systems such as those with HIV/AIDS. These infections include fungal, bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections that typically do not seriously affect those with healthy immune systems. Common opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS patients include Pneumocystis pneumonia, tuberculosis, candidiasis, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcus, and cytomegalovirus. Antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced the rates of opportunistic infections by suppressing HIV and allowing immune recovery. HIV/AIDS remains a major global public health challenge.
Opportunistic infections
This document discusses opportunistic infections (OIs) that occur in patients with AIDS. It defines AIDS according to CDC and NACO criteria involving OIs or low CD4 counts. Common OIs seen in India are described such as tuberculosis, candidiasis, cryptosporidiosis, herpes zoster, toxoplasmosis, and Pneumocystis pneumonia. Symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of these OIs are outlined. The role of patient education in prevention and treatment adherence is also discussed.
Hiv aids
HIV/AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which attacks CD4+ cells in the immune system. There are two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further divided into groups M, N, O, and P. HIV infects and destroys CD4+ T cells leading to immunosuppression and increased risk of opportunistic infections. HIV progresses from primary infection to clinical latency to early signs of infection like candidiasis and lymphadenopathy to late stage AIDS with life threatening infections when CD4+ counts fall below 200 cells/mm3. HIV is transmitted through unprotected sex, contaminated blood or needles, mother-to-child transmission, and other bodily
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Influenza virus
This document provides an overview of influenza virus. It discusses that influenza is caused by RNA viruses that affect birds and mammals. Common symptoms include fever, sore throat, and coughing. There are three types of influenza viruses - A, B, and C. Type A and B are responsible for epidemics and can undergo antigenic drift or shift. The virus enters through the respiratory tract. Prevention is through annual flu vaccines that target the most common strains expected that season.
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Influenza, or the flu, is caused by influenza viruses that infect the respiratory tract. There are three main types of influenza viruses that affect humans: A, B, and C. Type A is the most severe and can cause pandemics, while type B primarily affects children. The flu spreads through respiratory droplets when infected people cough or sneeze. Symptoms include fever, body aches, fatigue, and cough. Prevention methods include an annual flu vaccine and good hygiene practices. While the flu is usually self-limiting, high-risk groups like the elderly are more prone to developing complications.
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This document provides an overview of influenza, including its history, types, epidemiology, prevention and control. It discusses how influenza was first described in ancient times and the discovery of the influenza virus in the 1930s. It describes influenza as a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that can range from mild to severe and sometimes deadly. It outlines the three main types of influenza viruses (A, B and C), and notes that type A is responsible for all known pandemics and some animal strains can infect humans. The document also classifies influenza viruses according to their hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins and which subtypes are known to infect humans.
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The document summarizes information about influenza (flu) including:
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This document discusses avian influenza (bird flu) and pandemic influenza. It begins with background on influenza viruses and past pandemics. It then focuses on bird flu, including the H5N1 strain that has infected birds and humans. The document covers epidemiology of avian influenza, symptoms and diagnosis in humans, and the pandemic risk posed by an influenza virus acquiring easy human-to-human transmission. It concludes with recommendations for prevention, including avoiding sick birds, and global preparedness efforts led by organizations like WHO.
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Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is caused by influenza viruses that infect the respiratory tract. The most common symptoms are fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches. While similar to the common cold, influenza is typically more severe. There are three main types of influenza viruses - A, B, and C. Type A is the most common cause of epidemics and can undergo antigenic drift or shift, which can cause pandemics. Influenza spreads through respiratory droplets from coughs or sneezes. High-risk groups like the elderly are more likely to experience severe complications from the flu.
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This document provides information about influenza viruses. It discusses the different types of influenza viruses (A, B, C), their structure and genetics. It describes how influenza A viruses are classified into subtypes based on H and N proteins, and how antigenic drift and shifts can lead to new variants. It also summarizes the epidemiology of different influenza viruses in humans and other animals like birds, pigs, and horses.
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Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses types A, B, and C. Type A strains have caused all known pandemics. The virus is highly contagious and spreads rapidly through droplets. It commonly causes epidemics every 2-3 years for influenza A and 4-7 years for influenza B. While most cases are mild, influenza can lead to complications like pneumonia. Vaccination and antiviral drugs can help prevent and treat the disease. Good hygiene and avoiding crowded areas during outbreaks are also recommended.
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This document discusses the history and epidemiology of influenza viruses, including swine influenza. It notes that influenza A viruses circulate in humans, birds, and pigs. While swine influenza viruses typically do not infect humans, human infections can occur through direct contact with pigs. The viruses can reassort their genes, occasionally resulting in new virus subtypes that spread among humans. Swine influenza is currently a concern in parts of Asia and India, where cases have been reported. Close proximity to infected pigs is the primary risk factor for transmission to humans.
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The lesson plan aims to teach students about influenza. Key objectives include defining influenza, discussing its incidence, epidemiological determinants, clinical features, diagnosis, and prevention. Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses types A, B, or C. It spreads through droplet infection and has an incubation period of 18-72 hours. Clinical features include fever, chills, cough, and weakness. Diagnosis involves viral isolation or serology. Prevention includes vaccination, good ventilation, and avoiding crowded spaces during epidemics.
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Influenza
Influenza is comonly referred to as flu is an infectious viral disease caused by RNA Virus of the family Ortho-Myxoviridae (the Influenza Virus), that affect bird and mammals.
Common symptoms are Chills, fever, sorethroat, muscle pain, severe headache, coughing, fatigue and general discomfort.
Although confused with other influenza like illnesses, especially the common cold, influenza is a more severe disease.
Swine influenza is an acute, highly contagious, respiratory diseas.docx
Swine influenza is an acute, highly contagious, respiratory disease that results from infection with type A influenza virus. Field isolates of variable virulence exist, and clinical manifestation may be determined by secondary organisms. Pigs are the principal hosts of classic swine influenza virus. (Human infections have been reported, but porcine strains of influenza A do not appear to easily spread in the human population. However, deaths have occurred in immunocompromised people.) In 2009 a pandemic strain of H1N1 influenza A virus spread globally. It infected people, swine, and poultry, as well as a small number of dogs, cats, and other animals. The disease in swine occurs commonly in the midwestern USA (and occasionally in other states), Mexico, Canada, South America, Europe (including the UK, Sweden, and Italy), Kenya, China, Japan, Taiwan, and other parts of eastern Asia.
Having a single one of these symptoms does not mean you have pandemic swine flu, but, you don't need to have all of these symptoms to suspect infection, either. The symptoms of swine flu in people are similar to the symptoms of regular human seasonal influenza. Watch for some combination of the following symptoms:
1. Fever of 101°F (41°C) or higher
2. Coughing
3. Headache
4. Sneezing
5. Body Aches
6. Fatigue
7. Dizziness
8. Chest pain
9. Abdominal pain
10. Shortness of breath
11. Malaise
12. Runny Nose
13. Sore throat
14. Vomiting
15. Diarrhea
16. Rigors (chills or shivers)
Caution: If you suspect that you might have a flu infection, consult a physician as soon as possible. Don't wait!
It is important for people who have chronic health conditions, women who are pregnant, and people with other high risk factors to pay special attention to warning signs. Influenza can make the symptoms, of other chronic medical conditions, worse
Swine flu and regular flu are both types of illness caused by different strains of the influenza virus. Regular flu is generally of types A, B or C, whereas swine flu is a strain (H1N1 virus) that is said to have originated in pigs.
Of the three genera of influenza viruses that cause human flu, two also cause influenza in pigs, with influenza A being common in pigs and influenza C being rare. Influenza B has not been reported in pigs. Within influenza A and influenza C, the strains found in pigs and humans are largely distinct, although because of reassortment there have been transfers of genes among strains crossing swine, avian, and human species boundaries.
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Influenza viruses infect both humans and pigs, but do not infect birds. Transmission between pigs and humans have occurred in the past. For example, influenza C caused small outbreaks of a mild form of influenza amongst children in Japan and California. Because of its limited host range and the lack of genetic diversity in influenza C, this form of influenza does not cause pandemics in humans.
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- Seasonal flu, pandemic flu, avian flu, and potential complications of flu infection
- Methods of prevention including vaccination and hygiene practices
- Treatments including antiviral medications
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- Influenza is a viral infection that affects the nose, throat, bronchi and occasionally the lungs. Common symptoms include fever, muscle aches, cough and fatigue.
- Influenza viruses are classified into types A, B and C. Types A and B cause seasonal epidemics and can evolve over time through antigenic drift or shift.
- Influenza spreads through respiratory droplets from infected individuals. The virus can be isolated from nasal secretions during the infectious period which is a couple days before and after symptoms start.
- Risk factors for severe illness include age over 65, young children, and those with chronic health conditions. Seasonal patterns, human mobility and lack of immunity also influence transmission.
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- 1. Influenza Presented By: Dr. Md. Salequr Rahman Dep. Of Community Medicine
- 2. Influenza • Acute Respiratory Tract infection caused by influenza virus, A, B and C. • Known pandemic caused by A. • Sudden onset of chills, malaise, fever, muscular pain and cough. • Truly an international disease. May occur in pandemics every 10-15 years due to major antigenic changes. In between pandemics, epidemic may occur at intervals of 2-3 years. • At present 3 types of influenza viruses are circulating in the world: A(H1N1), A(H1N2)
- 3. Avian influenza: • Large group of different influenza viruses that primarily affect birds. H5N1 virus is a strain of pandemic potential. First infected human in 1997 in Hongkong. • Agent: Type A, type B and type C.
- 4. • The influenza virus is unique among the viruses because it is frequently subject to antigenic variation. When there is a sudden complete or major change, it is called a “shift”. • When the antigenic change is gradual over a period of time, it is called a “drift”.
- 5. • Reservoir of infection: Animals and birdsswine, horses, dogs, cats, do mestic poultry, wild birds etc. • Source of infection: Case or subclinical case. Usually droplet infection. • Period of infectivity: 1-2 days before and 1-2 days after the onset of symptoms.
- 6. Host factors: • Age and sex • Environmental factorsseason, overcrowding
- 7. Prevention: • Good ventilation at public buildings, avoidance of crowded places during epidemics, cover the face with handkerchief, to stay at home at first sign of influenza. • Vaccination- effective if administered two weeks before epidemic.
- 8. Prevention: • Vaccines recommended for certain groups of people- in industry, for public services, elderly, persons with chronic diseases, HIV infected. • Killed vaccine (immunity lasts for 3-6 months), annual revaccination is necessary/ live attenuated vaccine.