Hepatitis is a viral disease that primarily involves the liver. There are 5 main types of hepatitis viruses - A, B, C, D and E. Hepatitis causes jaundice through acute infection and inflammation of the liver. It is transmitted through contaminated food, water, and bodily fluids depending on the viral type. Treatment focuses on rest, diet, and prevention of transmission.

1. Hepatitis
 Viral disease
 Primarily involves liver
 Caused by hepatitis virus
 Acute infection of the liver and results in jaundice
 Hepatitis- yellowness of white part of eyes and skin
 Jaundice- release of bilirubin (gets deposited in sclera)
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2. Types of hepatitis
• Hepatitis A, B, C, D and E
• Hepatitis A (Infectious hepatitis or short term hepatitis)
• Hepatitis B (serum hepaptitis or long term hepatitis)
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3. Modes of transmission and Symptoms
• Hepatitis A- contaminated food and
water
• Hepatitis B- Infected person’s saliva,
sweat, tears, blood etc.
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4. Control
• Complete bed rest
• Intake of carbohydrate rich diet
• Limited intake of protein and fats in the diet
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6. Polio/ Poliomyelities
• Viral disease generally affects children
• Polio virus
• Generally occur in warmer summer
• Causes paralysis of limbs
• Eradicated, only few cases in very few countries
• Man is the only natural host for polio virus
Prevention- Immunization with oral polio vaccine
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9. Rabies
 100% fatal virus
 Lyssavirus
 Enters with the saliva of an infected animal-(dog/cat)
 Mongoose, foxes, jackals, wolves, rabbits, bats, monkeys etc., carries
rabies virus
 from the site of entry- travels via peripheral nerves to the spinal
cord and the brain where it multiplies.
 Destroys brain and spinal cord cells
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10. Symptoms
Severe headache
Painful contraction of muscles of throat and chest
Restlessness and inability to swallow even fluids
Infected person is afraid of water (hydrophobia)
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11. Prevention
 Five anti-rabies vaccines
are administered at an
interval of 0, 3, 7, 14 and
30th day of dog bite
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12. Diarrhoea
• Intestinal infections
• Mainly bacteria (Staphylococcus, Clostridium, Escherichia coli,
Shigella, Salmonella etc.,)
• A protozoan- Giardia and some viruses also act as a causative agents
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15. Typhoid
• Bacterial disease caused by a rod-like bacterium Salmonella typhi
• Commonly found in intestine of man
• Common in children of age group 1-15 years.
• Nearly 2.5 million people suffer from typhoid disease every year.
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