Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants to establish the fundamental laws of inheritance. He performed a monohybrid cross using pea plants with contrasting traits for height - tall and dwarf. In the F1 generation, all offspring were tall, demonstrating that the tall trait was dominant. In the F2 generation, the offspring showed a 3:1 ratio of tall to dwarf plants. From his experiments, Mendel deduced two laws of inheritance: the law of dominance and the law of segregation. The law of dominance states that one trait is dominant over another recessive trait. The law of segregation holds that alleles segregate and are passed to gametes independently. Mendel's work formed the foundation of