Control and Coordination class 10 CBSE

1. CLASS 10 CBSE
SCIENCE
CHAPTER-7
CONTROL AND COORDINATION
PART-2
COORDINATION IN ANIMALS
Presented by,
SARANYA D
SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHER
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2. Stimuli- a detectable change in the internal and
external environment (light, temperature, sound,
pain, heat, cold, smell, taste, pressure, gravity, water)
Coordination- process through which two or more
organs interact and complement the functions of one
another (working together) in an efficient manner.
In animals control and co-ordination is done by
nervous (electro-chemical signals) and endocrine
system(chemical signals by hormones).
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3. Human Nervous system
1. Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
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4. 2.Peripheral nervous system
Nerves arising from brain
-Called cranial nerves (goes to your eyes, mouth, ears, and other
parts of your head)
-12 pairs (24 nerves arise from brain)
Nerves arising from spinal cord
-Called spinal nerves (goes from your spinal cord to your arms,
hands, legs and feet)
-31 pairs (62 nerves arise from spinal cord)
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6. 3. Autonomic nervous system
Some pairs of cranial and most of spinal nerves constitutes
visceral nerves
-Goes from the spinal cord to your lungs, heart, stomach,
intestines, bladder and sex organs.
-Since, visceral nerves are connected to all organs, regulates
the proper functioning of all the organs.
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7. Neuron (Nerve cell)
Structural and functional unit of the nervous
system
Messages pass through the nerve cell in the form
of chemical and electrical signals called nerve
impulse.
The dendrites receive the information from the
receptor by the chemical produced by the receptor
Dendrites then starts to produce electrical impulse
which passes through the axon.
Functional gap between two neurons is called
synapse.
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8. Components in transmission of nerve impulses
 Receptors- sense organs which receive the stimuli and pass the message to brain
and spinal cord through sensory nerves.
Eg., Photoreceptors- to detect light
Phonoreceptors- to detect sound
Olfactory receptors- to detect smell
Gustatory receptors- to detect taste
Thermoreceptors- to detect temperature
Tangoreceptors- to detect touch
 Sensory nerves- carry information from the receptor to brain and spinal cord
 Motor nerves- carry information from the receptor to the brain and spinal cord
 Effectors- muscles and glands which respond to the information given by motor
nerves.
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10. Transmission of nerve impulse
Stimuli Receptors Dendritic tip
Sets the
electrical signal
Passes through
Axon
Chemicals by
axon terminal
Passes the
synapse
Dendritic tip of
the neighbour
neuron
Sets the
electrical signal
Process
continues till it
reaches the CNS
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12. CNS
Brain
Fore brain
Olfactory
lobes
Cerebral
hemispheres
Diencephalon
Mid brain Hind brain
Medulla
oblongata
Cerebellum Pons varolii
Spinal cord
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13. Fore brain (prosencephalon)
1.Olfactory lobes- club shaped
On ventral side of the brain
Receive impulses from olfactory receptors
Relay sense of smell to temporal region
2.Diencephalon
Roof – epithalamus
Sides- thalami
Floor- Hypothalamus- site of hunger
thirst
fatigue
sleep
body temperature
sweating
emotions
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3. Cerebral hemispheres
Frontal lobe- speech, facial muscular activities
Temporal lobe- hearing (auditory reception)
Occipital lobe- sight (visual reception)
Parietal lobe- touch, taste, smell, temperature
and conscious association

14. Hind brain
1. Medulla oblongata
-rate of heart beat
-Breathing movements
-Expansion and contraction of
blood vessels to regulate
blood pressure
-Swallowing
-Coughing
-Sneezing
-Vomiting
2. Cerebellum
-Posture
-Equilibrium
-Muscle stone
3. Pons varolii
-Respiration
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15. Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
Control head, neck, trunk- visual and
auditory stimuli
Eye muscles- changes in pupil size as
well as shape of the eye lens
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16. Reflex action
 Controlled by spinal cord
 Is a sudden, unconscious
and involuntary response
of the effectors to a
stimulus.
 Eg., we suddenly
withdraw our hand if we
suddenly touch a hot
object
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