worm infestation is a major public health issue, particularly in developing countries. bBy health education, community can be made aware about various behavioral practices that may help in lowering its incidence.
The document discusses nasogastric or gavage feeding, which is an artificial feeding method that involves inserting a tube through the nose and into the stomach. It is used when oral feeding is not possible, such as for children undergoing oral surgery or who are unconscious. The document outlines the procedure for nasogastric tube placement and feeding, including necessary equipment, measuring the tube, inserting the tube into the nose and stomach, securing it, and feeding the patient. It also discusses aftercare once the feeding is complete.
The document discusses the Under Five Clinic program established by the Department of Health to address high mortality and morbidity among children under five years old. The program aims to provide comprehensive healthcare services including monitoring growth and development, identifying hindering factors, and offering preventive, promotive, curative and referral services through trained nurses at sub-centers and primary health centers. Key services include regular height and weight monitoring, immunizations, vitamin supplementation, deworming, health education, and treatment of common illnesses like diarrhea and respiratory infections. The goal is to provide affordable healthcare to improve nutrition, development and overall health of young children.
Morbidity rates measure illness in a population, including incidence rate (new cases over time) and prevalence rate (existing cases over time). Common causes of morbidity among children are respiratory illnesses. Mortality rates also measure deaths, including infant mortality rate (deaths under age 1 per 1000 live births) and under-5 mortality rate. In India, infant and neonatal mortality rates remain higher than global averages. Factors affecting infant mortality include biological factors like birth weight as well as economic, cultural, social and health care access factors.
PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS AMONG CHILDRENS. SANJAY SIR
It is uploaded to create awareness regarding prevention of accidents in children in various age groups among general public. it also helps nursing & paramedics educator to teach their students.
The document outlines 12 principles that govern community health nursing (CHN). The principles are: 1) CHN practice is based on the recognized needs of individuals, families, and communities. 2) Understanding the objectives and policies of the agency facilitates goal achievement. 3) CHN considers the family as the unit of service. 4) Respect for clients' values, customs, and beliefs contributes to effective care. 5) CHN integrates health education and counseling as vital functions.
Nurse's role in community Health nurseHafiza Afrin
Topic 03: ROLES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSES
Community health nurses wear many hats while conducting day-to-day practice. The focus of nursing includes not only the individual, but also the family and the community, meeting these multiple needs requires multiple roles.
The seven major roles of a community health nurse are:
1. Care provider. "Clinician role".
2. Educator.
3. Advocate.
4. Manager.
5. Collaborator.
6. Leader.
7.Researcher.
Seven roles & influence on people’s health:
1. Clinician: Focus on holism, health promotion & prevention while using expanded skills.
2. Educator: Plan for community wide impact.
3. Advocate: Support client self determination & responsive systems.
4. Manager: Participative approach with community.
5. Collaboration: Multidisciplinary collegiality & leadership
6. Leadership: Change agent.
7. Researcher: Systematic investigation, collaboration and analysis of data for solving problems and bring evidence evidence-based findings to community settings.
Immunization is the most effective way of protecting the human body from infectious disease. Immunization is a process by which an individual’s immune system become fortified by vaccine against an agent.
Immunization program are an Integral and important part of the health activities of every country in the world.
Immunization is the process whereby person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine.
The document discusses nasogastric or gavage feeding, which is an artificial feeding method that involves inserting a tube through the nose and into the stomach. It is used when oral feeding is not possible, such as for children undergoing oral surgery or who are unconscious. The document outlines the procedure for nasogastric tube placement and feeding, including necessary equipment, measuring the tube, inserting the tube into the nose and stomach, securing it, and feeding the patient. It also discusses aftercare once the feeding is complete.
The document discusses the Under Five Clinic program established by the Department of Health to address high mortality and morbidity among children under five years old. The program aims to provide comprehensive healthcare services including monitoring growth and development, identifying hindering factors, and offering preventive, promotive, curative and referral services through trained nurses at sub-centers and primary health centers. Key services include regular height and weight monitoring, immunizations, vitamin supplementation, deworming, health education, and treatment of common illnesses like diarrhea and respiratory infections. The goal is to provide affordable healthcare to improve nutrition, development and overall health of young children.
Morbidity rates measure illness in a population, including incidence rate (new cases over time) and prevalence rate (existing cases over time). Common causes of morbidity among children are respiratory illnesses. Mortality rates also measure deaths, including infant mortality rate (deaths under age 1 per 1000 live births) and under-5 mortality rate. In India, infant and neonatal mortality rates remain higher than global averages. Factors affecting infant mortality include biological factors like birth weight as well as economic, cultural, social and health care access factors.
PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS AMONG CHILDRENS. SANJAY SIR
It is uploaded to create awareness regarding prevention of accidents in children in various age groups among general public. it also helps nursing & paramedics educator to teach their students.
The document outlines 12 principles that govern community health nursing (CHN). The principles are: 1) CHN practice is based on the recognized needs of individuals, families, and communities. 2) Understanding the objectives and policies of the agency facilitates goal achievement. 3) CHN considers the family as the unit of service. 4) Respect for clients' values, customs, and beliefs contributes to effective care. 5) CHN integrates health education and counseling as vital functions.
Nurse's role in community Health nurseHafiza Afrin
Topic 03: ROLES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSES
Community health nurses wear many hats while conducting day-to-day practice. The focus of nursing includes not only the individual, but also the family and the community, meeting these multiple needs requires multiple roles.
The seven major roles of a community health nurse are:
1. Care provider. "Clinician role".
2. Educator.
3. Advocate.
4. Manager.
5. Collaborator.
6. Leader.
7.Researcher.
Seven roles & influence on people’s health:
1. Clinician: Focus on holism, health promotion & prevention while using expanded skills.
2. Educator: Plan for community wide impact.
3. Advocate: Support client self determination & responsive systems.
4. Manager: Participative approach with community.
5. Collaboration: Multidisciplinary collegiality & leadership
6. Leadership: Change agent.
7. Researcher: Systematic investigation, collaboration and analysis of data for solving problems and bring evidence evidence-based findings to community settings.
Immunization is the most effective way of protecting the human body from infectious disease. Immunization is a process by which an individual’s immune system become fortified by vaccine against an agent.
Immunization program are an Integral and important part of the health activities of every country in the world.
Immunization is the process whereby person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine.
Concept and scope of Community health nursingKailash Nagar
This document discusses different concepts of community health and the role of the community health nurse. It outlines four concepts of health: biomedical, ecological, psychosocial, and holistic. The biomedical concept defines health as the absence of disease, while the ecological concept sees health as a dynamic equilibrium between humans and their environment. The psychosocial concept recognizes that health is influenced by social, psychological, cultural, economic, and political factors. Overall, the document provides an overview of how community health and the work of community health nurses incorporates biological, environmental, social, and psychological understandings of health.
The document is a presentation on worm infestation. It defines worm infestation as an invasion by parasitic worms or helminths, especially in humans and animals. It states that intestinal worm infestation is a global health problem affecting over 2 billion people. The presentation covers the causative agents of worm infestation (helminths), classifications of worms, the life cycles of roundworms and tapeworms, methods of diagnosis (physical exam, stool exam, imaging), symptoms, and treatments and prevention.
In this topic the student will be easily learn about how to collect history from the patient and also helpful nursing students to write their care plan and care study.
Nurses play several important roles in family welfare programs, including as counselors, administrators, educators, researchers, and supervisors. As counselors, nurses provide families with information on family planning methods, address concerns, and ensure clients are satisfied with their decisions. Administratively, nurses ensure staff and patients have adequate knowledge and resources about family planning services. In their educational role, nurses teach family planning topics and coordinate training. Nurses also conduct research and provide clinical care related to family planning.
The community health nurse performs various roles and functions within the community setting. These include serving as a care provider by delivering continuous comprehensive care with an emphasis on prevention. The nurse also acts as a health educator by teaching individuals and groups about health promotion, illness prevention, and care. Additional roles include counselor, resource person, sensitive observer, advisor, planner, care manager, and medical assistant by coordinating with physicians. Key qualities for a community health nurse are interest in community health, strong interpersonal skills, sensitivity, communication abilities, and qualities like initiative, patience and resourcefulness.
Physical examination of under five childrensKailash Nagar
This document outlines the process for conducting a physical examination of under-five children. It details the purpose of the examination, which is to assess health status, identify existing health problems, evaluate growth and development, and provide health education. The key steps include measuring weight, height, head and chest circumference using tools like a weighing scale, measuring tape, and nutrition cups. The clinical examination examines the child systematically from head to toe, checking vital signs, general appearance, and specific body systems like eyes, ears, nose, mouth and more. Any abnormalities are noted and the findings are recorded in the child's health card before providing health advice or referral if needed.
IMNCI - Intregrated Management of Neonatal and childhood illnessLiniVivek
IMNCI is an integrated approach to child health that focuses on the major causes of child mortality for children aged 1 week to 5 years. It assesses children's nutritional status, illness symptoms, and provides clinical classifications and home or facility-based treatment recommendations. The goal is to reduce child mortality by training health workers to properly examine, classify, counsel and treat children according to the IMNCI guidelines.
Colostomy irrigation is a process to regulate bowel movements by emptying the colon through the stoma at scheduled times. It involves infusing water into the colon using a cone-shaped catheter to stimulate emptying. By repeating this regularly, the colon can be trained to empty without leakage between irrigations. It helps avoid constipation and promotes regular bowel movements. The nursing responsibilities include gathering equipment, explaining the procedure, positioning the patient, slowly infusing water into the colon, having the patient sit to drain after removal of the catheter, and cleaning and documenting the process.
This document provides information and instructions for performing a bowel wash or colonic lavage procedure. It defines bowel wash as washing out the colon with large quantities of solution. It lists purposes such as preparing for exams or surgery, relieving inflammation, and cleaning the colon. Contraindications and general instructions are outlined. The document describes methods, suitable solutions, temperature considerations, preliminary assessments, patient preparation, equipment, and the step-by-step procedure for performing a bowel wash. Post-procedure care and references are also included.
The document discusses various uses of computers in nursing, including:
1. Nursing education - Computers are used for teaching/learning, testing, and student/course record management. This includes accessing literature, computer-assisted instruction, classroom technologies, and distance learning.
2. Nursing practice - Computers are used for documenting and evaluating patient care, advancing patient education, enhancing accessibility of care, and more. Technologies used include monitors, wireless systems, clinical decision tools, and more.
3. Nursing administration - Computers are used for human resources, medical records, nursing station systems, personnel management, quality assurance, facilities management, budget/finances, and accreditation. This allows for improved management,
This document provides guidelines for spoon or paladai feeding for newborns who are unable to breastfeed directly. It indicates that this feeding method can be used for small or premature babies with good swallowing reflexes but poor sucking reflexes. The document outlines the procedure for spoon or paladai feeding, including preparing the necessary items, holding and positioning the baby, slowly feeding small amounts while ensuring swallowing, and post-feeding care steps. It notes advantages of this feeding method include reducing infection risks compared to bottle feeding, while disadvantages include delaying development of sucking reflex and reducing bonding between mother and baby.
historical development of Community Health NursingKailash Nagar
The document summarizes the historical development of public health nursing globally and in India. It discusses early explanations for disease that focused on superstition and religion. It then outlines key developments in public health such as the Hippocratic Corpus, germ theory, epidemiology, and pasteurization. The document also describes the evolution of public health nursing through four stages - early home care, district nursing, public health nursing, and community health nursing. Finally, it briefly discusses the historical development of public health in India and the recommendations of the 1946 Bhore Committee.
This document discusses home visiting as a core part of community health nursing. It defines home visiting as providing nursing care to patients in their homes, requiring technical skills and judgment. The purposes of home visits are to assess individual, family, and community health needs and provide services like health education, counseling, and basic care. The key steps of home visits are fact-finding, data analysis, planning, taking action and providing health education, closing the visit, recording details, and evaluating the impact. Home visits aim to establish relationships and address priorities like maternal and child health.
Breast self examination involves women examining their own breasts for lumps or abnormalities. It is recommended to be performed monthly, after a woman's menstrual cycle. The examination involves looking at breasts in the mirror for changes in shape, size or color, then feeling the breasts with circular motions of the fingers to feel for any lumps or thickened tissue. While it can help detect cancers early, breast self examination also runs the risk of false positives which cause unnecessary worry. Overall, evidence shows no clear benefit to mortality rates.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING & INSTITUTIONAL NURSINGMAHESWARI JAIKUMAR
This document compares and contrasts community health nursing and institutional nursing. Community health nursing involves providing care in the community where people live and work, such as homes, farms, schools and clinics. It focuses on primary care and serving the overall community. Institutional nursing provides care in hospitals and involves secondary and tertiary care for sick individuals. The nature of care differs between the two settings, with community health nursing emphasizing comprehensive and continuous promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative care, while institutional nursing focuses mainly on diagnostic and therapeutic episodic care when people are sick.
This document discusses minor ailments that may be encountered by community health nurses. It defines minor ailments as health complaints that can typically be managed by patients themselves through simple actions and do not require a doctor's care. The document outlines principles for managing minor ailments, such as ensuring a safe environment and providing health education. It then describes the management of specific minor conditions like fever, cough, sore throat, eye infections, earache, sinusitis, common cold, asthma, high blood pressure, anemia, toothache, diarrhea, indigestion, constipation, fractures, skin rashes, and wounds.
immunization of children is essential to prevent childhood illness, morbidity and mortality. immunization or vaccination is the way of protecting child from infectious diseases.
1. Toddlers are between 1-3 years of age. Their weight quadruples from birth and they gain 10-12.5 cm in height per year.
2. Their motor skills develop rapidly - by 12-13 months they can walk alone and by 18 months try to run. Fine motor skills include grasping small objects by 12 months and building towers of 6-7 blocks by age 2.
3. Cognitively, toddlers are in Piaget's preoperational stage, where thinking is based on concrete perceptions. Their language develops from 4 words at age 1 to 300 words by age 2.
1) Diarrhoea is a major cause of mortality in children under 5 years old, killing over 500,000 children annually. It is caused by various pathogens including rotavirus, ETEC, Salmonella, Shigella, and Cryptosporidium.
2) Oral rehydration therapy is the primary treatment for diarrhoea and involves replacing lost fluids and electrolytes through oral rehydration salts. Intravenous fluids may be required for severe dehydration.
3) Prevention strategies include improved access to clean water and sanitation, breastfeeding, and vaccination. Diarrhoea control programs promote oral rehydration therapy and preventive measures.
Worm infestation, also known as helminthiasis, is a major health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries with poor sanitation. The document discusses the most common types of worm infections including roundworm, hookworm, pinworm, and tapeworm. It provides details on the lifecycles, symptoms, and treatment for each type. The highest rates of worm infections are found in children living in tropical areas with lack of clean water and proper hygiene. Preventive measures include washing hands, avoiding contaminated food/water, and practicing safe disposal of human waste.
Concept and scope of Community health nursingKailash Nagar
This document discusses different concepts of community health and the role of the community health nurse. It outlines four concepts of health: biomedical, ecological, psychosocial, and holistic. The biomedical concept defines health as the absence of disease, while the ecological concept sees health as a dynamic equilibrium between humans and their environment. The psychosocial concept recognizes that health is influenced by social, psychological, cultural, economic, and political factors. Overall, the document provides an overview of how community health and the work of community health nurses incorporates biological, environmental, social, and psychological understandings of health.
The document is a presentation on worm infestation. It defines worm infestation as an invasion by parasitic worms or helminths, especially in humans and animals. It states that intestinal worm infestation is a global health problem affecting over 2 billion people. The presentation covers the causative agents of worm infestation (helminths), classifications of worms, the life cycles of roundworms and tapeworms, methods of diagnosis (physical exam, stool exam, imaging), symptoms, and treatments and prevention.
In this topic the student will be easily learn about how to collect history from the patient and also helpful nursing students to write their care plan and care study.
Nurses play several important roles in family welfare programs, including as counselors, administrators, educators, researchers, and supervisors. As counselors, nurses provide families with information on family planning methods, address concerns, and ensure clients are satisfied with their decisions. Administratively, nurses ensure staff and patients have adequate knowledge and resources about family planning services. In their educational role, nurses teach family planning topics and coordinate training. Nurses also conduct research and provide clinical care related to family planning.
The community health nurse performs various roles and functions within the community setting. These include serving as a care provider by delivering continuous comprehensive care with an emphasis on prevention. The nurse also acts as a health educator by teaching individuals and groups about health promotion, illness prevention, and care. Additional roles include counselor, resource person, sensitive observer, advisor, planner, care manager, and medical assistant by coordinating with physicians. Key qualities for a community health nurse are interest in community health, strong interpersonal skills, sensitivity, communication abilities, and qualities like initiative, patience and resourcefulness.
Physical examination of under five childrensKailash Nagar
This document outlines the process for conducting a physical examination of under-five children. It details the purpose of the examination, which is to assess health status, identify existing health problems, evaluate growth and development, and provide health education. The key steps include measuring weight, height, head and chest circumference using tools like a weighing scale, measuring tape, and nutrition cups. The clinical examination examines the child systematically from head to toe, checking vital signs, general appearance, and specific body systems like eyes, ears, nose, mouth and more. Any abnormalities are noted and the findings are recorded in the child's health card before providing health advice or referral if needed.
IMNCI - Intregrated Management of Neonatal and childhood illnessLiniVivek
IMNCI is an integrated approach to child health that focuses on the major causes of child mortality for children aged 1 week to 5 years. It assesses children's nutritional status, illness symptoms, and provides clinical classifications and home or facility-based treatment recommendations. The goal is to reduce child mortality by training health workers to properly examine, classify, counsel and treat children according to the IMNCI guidelines.
Colostomy irrigation is a process to regulate bowel movements by emptying the colon through the stoma at scheduled times. It involves infusing water into the colon using a cone-shaped catheter to stimulate emptying. By repeating this regularly, the colon can be trained to empty without leakage between irrigations. It helps avoid constipation and promotes regular bowel movements. The nursing responsibilities include gathering equipment, explaining the procedure, positioning the patient, slowly infusing water into the colon, having the patient sit to drain after removal of the catheter, and cleaning and documenting the process.
This document provides information and instructions for performing a bowel wash or colonic lavage procedure. It defines bowel wash as washing out the colon with large quantities of solution. It lists purposes such as preparing for exams or surgery, relieving inflammation, and cleaning the colon. Contraindications and general instructions are outlined. The document describes methods, suitable solutions, temperature considerations, preliminary assessments, patient preparation, equipment, and the step-by-step procedure for performing a bowel wash. Post-procedure care and references are also included.
The document discusses various uses of computers in nursing, including:
1. Nursing education - Computers are used for teaching/learning, testing, and student/course record management. This includes accessing literature, computer-assisted instruction, classroom technologies, and distance learning.
2. Nursing practice - Computers are used for documenting and evaluating patient care, advancing patient education, enhancing accessibility of care, and more. Technologies used include monitors, wireless systems, clinical decision tools, and more.
3. Nursing administration - Computers are used for human resources, medical records, nursing station systems, personnel management, quality assurance, facilities management, budget/finances, and accreditation. This allows for improved management,
This document provides guidelines for spoon or paladai feeding for newborns who are unable to breastfeed directly. It indicates that this feeding method can be used for small or premature babies with good swallowing reflexes but poor sucking reflexes. The document outlines the procedure for spoon or paladai feeding, including preparing the necessary items, holding and positioning the baby, slowly feeding small amounts while ensuring swallowing, and post-feeding care steps. It notes advantages of this feeding method include reducing infection risks compared to bottle feeding, while disadvantages include delaying development of sucking reflex and reducing bonding between mother and baby.
historical development of Community Health NursingKailash Nagar
The document summarizes the historical development of public health nursing globally and in India. It discusses early explanations for disease that focused on superstition and religion. It then outlines key developments in public health such as the Hippocratic Corpus, germ theory, epidemiology, and pasteurization. The document also describes the evolution of public health nursing through four stages - early home care, district nursing, public health nursing, and community health nursing. Finally, it briefly discusses the historical development of public health in India and the recommendations of the 1946 Bhore Committee.
This document discusses home visiting as a core part of community health nursing. It defines home visiting as providing nursing care to patients in their homes, requiring technical skills and judgment. The purposes of home visits are to assess individual, family, and community health needs and provide services like health education, counseling, and basic care. The key steps of home visits are fact-finding, data analysis, planning, taking action and providing health education, closing the visit, recording details, and evaluating the impact. Home visits aim to establish relationships and address priorities like maternal and child health.
Breast self examination involves women examining their own breasts for lumps or abnormalities. It is recommended to be performed monthly, after a woman's menstrual cycle. The examination involves looking at breasts in the mirror for changes in shape, size or color, then feeling the breasts with circular motions of the fingers to feel for any lumps or thickened tissue. While it can help detect cancers early, breast self examination also runs the risk of false positives which cause unnecessary worry. Overall, evidence shows no clear benefit to mortality rates.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING & INSTITUTIONAL NURSINGMAHESWARI JAIKUMAR
This document compares and contrasts community health nursing and institutional nursing. Community health nursing involves providing care in the community where people live and work, such as homes, farms, schools and clinics. It focuses on primary care and serving the overall community. Institutional nursing provides care in hospitals and involves secondary and tertiary care for sick individuals. The nature of care differs between the two settings, with community health nursing emphasizing comprehensive and continuous promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative care, while institutional nursing focuses mainly on diagnostic and therapeutic episodic care when people are sick.
This document discusses minor ailments that may be encountered by community health nurses. It defines minor ailments as health complaints that can typically be managed by patients themselves through simple actions and do not require a doctor's care. The document outlines principles for managing minor ailments, such as ensuring a safe environment and providing health education. It then describes the management of specific minor conditions like fever, cough, sore throat, eye infections, earache, sinusitis, common cold, asthma, high blood pressure, anemia, toothache, diarrhea, indigestion, constipation, fractures, skin rashes, and wounds.
immunization of children is essential to prevent childhood illness, morbidity and mortality. immunization or vaccination is the way of protecting child from infectious diseases.
1. Toddlers are between 1-3 years of age. Their weight quadruples from birth and they gain 10-12.5 cm in height per year.
2. Their motor skills develop rapidly - by 12-13 months they can walk alone and by 18 months try to run. Fine motor skills include grasping small objects by 12 months and building towers of 6-7 blocks by age 2.
3. Cognitively, toddlers are in Piaget's preoperational stage, where thinking is based on concrete perceptions. Their language develops from 4 words at age 1 to 300 words by age 2.
1) Diarrhoea is a major cause of mortality in children under 5 years old, killing over 500,000 children annually. It is caused by various pathogens including rotavirus, ETEC, Salmonella, Shigella, and Cryptosporidium.
2) Oral rehydration therapy is the primary treatment for diarrhoea and involves replacing lost fluids and electrolytes through oral rehydration salts. Intravenous fluids may be required for severe dehydration.
3) Prevention strategies include improved access to clean water and sanitation, breastfeeding, and vaccination. Diarrhoea control programs promote oral rehydration therapy and preventive measures.
Worm infestation, also known as helminthiasis, is a major health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries with poor sanitation. The document discusses the most common types of worm infections including roundworm, hookworm, pinworm, and tapeworm. It provides details on the lifecycles, symptoms, and treatment for each type. The highest rates of worm infections are found in children living in tropical areas with lack of clean water and proper hygiene. Preventive measures include washing hands, avoiding contaminated food/water, and practicing safe disposal of human waste.
This document provides information on the zoonotic disease Murine typhus. It is caused by the bacteria Rickettsia typhi and is transmitted to humans through contact with infected fleas. Common symptoms include fever, headache, and rash. Murine typhus is endemic in many parts of the world where infected rats and their fleas live in close proximity to humans. Proper sanitation and pest control can help prevent the spread of this disease.
This document discusses the epidemiology, prevention, and control of helminthic infections. It describes key intestinal parasites like Ascaris lumbricoides (the roundworm), Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale (the hookworms), and Trichuris trichura (the whipworm). These soil-transmitted helminths infect over 1 billion people globally and are transmitted through contaminated food, water, or soil. The document outlines their life cycles, symptoms, high-risk groups, and recommends preventative chemotherapy using donated anthelmintic drugs to treat at-risk populations periodically and reduce morbidity. The goal is to eliminate morbidity in children from these infections by 2020.
Ascariasis is caused by the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. It infects over 1 billion people worldwide, especially children in tropical areas with poor sanitation. Symptoms range from none to intestinal blockage by worms. Diagnosis is via egg detection in stool or imaging worms. Treatment involves anthelmintic drugs like mebendazole or albendazole. Prevention requires improved sanitation and mass drug administration programs.
Salmonellosis is caused by Salmonella bacteria and is a major cause of foodborne illness worldwide. There are over 2,500 serotypes of Salmonella but less than 100 cause infections in humans. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi cause enteric fever, resulting in systemic illness with symptoms like sustained fever. Nontyphoidal Salmonella generally cause self-limiting gastroenteritis. Diagnosis is made by isolating the bacteria from stool culture. Treatment involves rehydration and sometimes antibiotics. Prevention relies on safe food/water handling and hygiene practices.
Epidemiology ,prevention and control of helminthic infectionsPreetika Maurya
This document summarizes soil-transmitted helminthic infections (STH), which include ascariasis, hookworm infections, and whipworm. STH affect over 1.5 billion people worldwide and are transmitted through contact with infective eggs in soil. The eggs are passed in feces and can contaminate environments, especially in areas with poor sanitation. Common symptoms of STH infections include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and anemia. Prevention focuses on improved sanitation and hygiene to reduce transmission, as well as periodic deworming treatments in endemic areas.
This document provides information on parasitic foodborne diseases. It discusses several protozoan parasites that can cause foodborne illness, including Toxoplasma gondii, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis. For each parasite, it describes their life cycle, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. It notes that foodborne parasites are a major public health problem worldwide and can cause disease ranging from mild diarrhea to more severe complications in vulnerable groups. Prevention focuses on proper hygiene, sanitation and food handling practices.
Monkeypox is a zoonotic virus similar to smallpox that is endemic to parts of Africa. It can be transmitted from animals to humans via contact with bodily fluids or consumption of undercooked meat. Human to human transmission is also possible. Symptoms include fever, headache, rash and lesions. There have been increasing outbreaks linked to international travel and exotic pet trade. While there is no proven treatment, isolation and vaccination can help control outbreaks. Prevention requires education on risks, offering PPE, and restricting animal importation.
Can human incidence of leptospirosis be reduced through implementing ecologic...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document discusses how ecologically-based rodent management may help reduce human incidence of leptospirosis. It notes that rodents can transmit over 60 diseases to humans and livestock. Effective rodent control requires understanding rodent ecology and behavior, as well as community engagement. Case studies show that intensive community trapping of rodents can significantly reduce rodent populations compared to limited monitoring traps. The document argues that ecologically-based rodent management, which considers rodent population dynamics and local socio-cultural practices, has been shown to reduce agricultural damages and could potentially reduce burdens of diseases like leptospirosis if applied through controlled trials.
Peste des-ruminants-is-a-rinderpest.doc pdfGudyne Wafubwa
Peste des petits ruminant virus (PPRV) is a disease mostly affecting goats and sheep. Since its first discovery, it has caused massive economic loss to most small pastoralists in Africa and other developing countries. It is the integral role of all stakeholders to join hands so as to eradicate the disease.
Non-typhoidal Salmonellosis, is one of the most common and widely distributed foodborne diseases, with tens of millions of human cases occurring worldwide every year.
In the United States, the incidence of NTS infection has doubled in the past 2 decades.
In 2009 there were 14 million cases of NTS.
Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Brucella organisms that primarily infect livestock such as goats, sheep and cows. Humans can contract brucellosis through direct contact with infected animals or consumption of infected, unpasteurized dairy products. A 1997 survey in Saudi Arabia found a 15% seroprevalence of brucellosis, with higher rates among rural populations, older individuals, and people in high-risk occupations. Brucellosis causes non-specific symptoms like fever and malaise but can also lead to complications affecting the osteoarticular, reproductive or central nervous systems if untreated. Relapse within the first year is possible if initial treatment is inadequate
DISCLAIMER: No copyright infringement intended. Images are not mine and all copyrights belong to their respective owners. This pdf file is not for sale and for educational purposes only.
Rabies is entirely preventable, and vaccines,
medicines, tools, and technologies have long
been available to prevent people from dying of
dog-mediated rabies. Nevertheless, rabies still
kills about 60 000 people a year, of whom over
40% are children under 15, mainly in rural areas
of economically disadvantaged countries in Africa
and Asia. Of all human cases, up to 99% are
acquired from the bite of an infected dog.
kalaazar-170829065935.pptx health care tppAkshayaKiran2
Leishmaniasis is caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania transmitted through the bite of infected sandflies. It causes several syndromes in humans including visceral leishmaniasis (kala azar), cutaneous leishmaniasis, and muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis. Cutaneous leishmaniasis presents as skin lesions and occurs mainly in parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. Muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis can destroy nasal and throat tissues. Treatment involves antimony-based drugs, pentamidine, amphotericin B, or miltefosine. Control relies on early case detection and treatment, insecticide spraying, and health education.
intracranial pressure is a medical condition encountered in clinical setting resulting from traumatic injury of brain, RTA, ischemia, stroke & similar brain pathology. understanding of this condition is necessary for prompt identification & management at early stage.
URINARY SYSTEM DISORDERS ARE ONE OF THE MOST PREVALENT GROUP OF DISORDERS THAT NEEDS A THOROUGH UNDERSTANDING. THE MOST BASIC OF THEM ARE URINARY RETENTION AND INCONTINENCE. THIS PRESENTATION DEALS WITH A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE DESCRIPTION, CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF THESE DISORDERS IN AN ILLUSTRATED MANNER.
cerebrovascular accident, commonly known as stroke is one of the most common health problems of the world. in the developing world, its increasing incidence is a matter of concern among the health workers across the globe. thus adequate knowledge about this medical condition is a must to deal with it effectively.
Nursing service in hospital & communitygeeta joshi
NURSING SERVICES ARE ONE OF THE PRIME REQUIREMENTS OF SOCIETY. EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF NURSING SERVICES IN HOSPITAL & COMMUNITY IS MUST IN ORDER TI ACHIEVE THE BASIC GOAL OF NURSING, THAT IS HEALTH PROMOTION, DISEASE PREVENTION, TREATMENT & REHABILITATION.
This document discusses material management in hospitals. It defines material management as planning, organizing, and controlling all materials from purchase to end use. It outlines the facilities, process, objectives, elements, and principles of ensuring the right material is procured in the right quantity, quality, time and price. It also discusses procurement methods, factors affecting procurement, inventory control methods, and the roles of nurses in material management.
NURSING MANAGEMENT AND EDUCATION
PLACING PEOPLE TO SUITABLE JOB IS A MUST FOR ACHIEVEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL OBJECTIVES. FOR THIS PURPOSE, SUITABLE METHODS ARE TO BE EMPLOYED TO DETERMINE EFFICIENCY, KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND ATTITUDE OF PERSONNEL SO AS TO DEPLOY THEM IN AREAS WHERE THEY CAN MAKE BEST USE OF THEIR SKILLS.
This document discusses cost-benefit analysis (CBA), which is an economic evaluation technique that quantifies in monetary terms the positives (benefits) and negatives (costs) of a project or intervention. CBA follows principles like using a common unit of measurement, valuing human life, avoiding double counting, and evaluating costs like healthcare services/supplies and benefits that are difficult to quantify. Audit techniques are also examined, like financial audits that independently examine vouchers and accounts to verify accuracy and identify unauthorized transactions. Budget auditing and nursing audits are specific types that are discussed.
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Our mission is to provide a safe and supportive environment where our clients can receive the highest quality of care. We are dedicated to assisting our clients in reaching their objectives and improving their overall well-being. We prioritize our clients' needs and individualize treatment plans to ensure they receive tailored care. Our approach is rooted in evidence-based practices proven effective in treating addiction and mental health disorders.
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About this webinar: This talk will introduce what cancer rehabilitation is, where it fits into the cancer trajectory, and who can benefit from it. In addition, the current landscape of cancer rehabilitation in Canada will be discussed and the need for advocacy to increase access to this essential component of cancer care.
Stem Cell Solutions: Dr. David Greene's Path to Non-Surgical Cardiac CareDr. David Greene Arizona
Explore the groundbreaking work of Dr. David Greene, a pioneer in regenerative medicine, who is revolutionizing the field of cardiology through stem cell therapy in Arizona. This ppt delves into how Dr. Greene's innovative approach is providing non-surgical, effective treatments for heart disease, using the body's own cells to repair heart damage and improve patient outcomes. Learn about the science behind stem cell therapy, its benefits over traditional cardiac surgeries, and the promising future it holds for modern medicine. Join us as we uncover how Dr. Greene's commitment to stem cell research and therapy is setting new standards in healthcare and offering new hope to cardiac patients.
Letter to MREC - application to conduct studyAzreen Aj
Application to conduct study on research title 'Awareness and knowledge of oral cancer and precancer among dental outpatient in Klinik Pergigian Merlimau, Melaka'
Rate Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, Activation Modulated Drug Delivery Systems, Mechanically activated, pH activated, Enzyme activated, Osmotic activated Drug Delivery Systems, Feedback regulated Drug Delivery Systems systems are discussed here.
Can coffee help me lose weight? Yes, 25,422 users in the USA use it for that ...nirahealhty
The South Beach Coffee Java Diet is a variation of the popular South Beach Diet, which was developed by cardiologist Dr. Arthur Agatston. The original South Beach Diet focuses on consuming lean proteins, healthy fats, and low-glycemic index carbohydrates. The South Beach Coffee Java Diet adds the element of coffee, specifically caffeine, to enhance weight loss and improve energy levels.
Healthy Eating Habits:
Understanding Nutrition Labels: Teaches how to read and interpret food labels, focusing on serving sizes, calorie intake, and nutrients to limit or include.
Tips for Healthy Eating: Offers practical advice such as incorporating a variety of foods, practicing moderation, staying hydrated, and eating mindfully.
Benefits of Regular Exercise:
Physical Benefits: Discusses how exercise aids in weight management, muscle and bone health, cardiovascular health, and flexibility.
Mental Benefits: Explains the psychological advantages, including stress reduction, improved mood, and better sleep.
Tips for Staying Active:
Encourages consistency, variety in exercises, setting realistic goals, and finding enjoyable activities to maintain motivation.
Maintaining a Balanced Lifestyle:
Integrating Nutrition and Exercise: Suggests meal planning and incorporating physical activity into daily routines.
Monitoring Progress: Recommends tracking food intake and exercise, regular health check-ups, and provides tips for achieving balance, such as getting sufficient sleep, managing stress, and staying socially active.
Gemma Wean- Nutritional solution for Artemiasmuskaan0008
GEMMA Wean is a high end larval co-feeding and weaning diet aimed at Artemia optimisation and is fortified with a high level of proteins and phospholipids. GEMMA Wean provides the early weaned juveniles with dedicated fish nutrition and is an ideal follow on from GEMMA Micro or Artemia.
GEMMA Wean has an optimised nutritional balance and physical quality so that it flows more freely and spreads readily on the water surface. The balance of phospholipid classes to- gether with the production technology based on a low temperature extrusion process improve the physical aspect of the pellets while still retaining the high phospholipid content.
GEMMA Wean is available in 0.1mm, 0.2mm and 0.3mm. There is also a 0.5mm micro-pellet, GEMMA Wean Diamond, which covers the early nursery stage from post-weaning to pre-growing.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypotension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is the summary of hypotension:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is when the pressure of blood circulating in the body is lower than normal or expected. It's only a problem if it negatively impacts the body and causes symptoms. Normal blood pressure is usually between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg, but pressures below 90/60 are generally considered hypotensive.
International Cancer Survivors Day is celebrated during June, placing the spotlight not only on cancer survivors, but also their caregivers.
CANSA has compiled a list of tips and guidelines of support:
https://cansa.org.za/who-cares-for-cancer-patients-caregivers/
Dr. David Greene R3 stem cell Breakthroughs: Stem Cell Therapy in CardiologyR3 Stem Cell
Dr. David Greene, founder and CEO of R3 Stem Cell, is at the forefront of groundbreaking research in the field of cardiology, focusing on the transformative potential of stem cell therapy. His latest work emphasizes innovative approaches to treating heart disease, aiming to repair damaged heart tissue and improve heart function through the use of advanced stem cell techniques. This research promises not only to enhance the quality of life for patients with chronic heart conditions but also to pave the way for new, more effective treatments. Dr. Greene's work is notable for its focus on safety, efficacy, and the potential to significantly reduce the need for invasive surgeries and long-term medication, positioning stem cell therapy as a key player in the future of cardiac care.
Dr. David Greene R3 stem cell Breakthroughs: Stem Cell Therapy in Cardiology
Lesson plan
1. LESSON PLAN FOR HEALTH
EDUCATION
TOPIC- WORM INFESTATION
BY- GEETA JOSHI
JNV NAINITAL
2.
3. S
,
N
O
TOPIC CONTENT TIM
E
TEAC
HING
ACTIV
ITY
LEAR
NING
ACTI
VITY
A/
V
AI
DS
EVALUAT
ION
0
1
0
2
Introduc
tion
Definitio
n
Worm infections continue to be among the most common
diseases affecting children from low and middle income
countries. Major worm infections of public health importance
include Ascariasis, Trichuriasis, Hookworm, and Enterobiasis,
which are transmitted through contaminated soil. In India,
combined prevalence rates of worm infestation as per pooled
data of 127 surveys is over 20%. Although most helminthic
infections are mild and are often asymptomatic, but moderate
to heavy worm infestations are generally associated with growth
faltering, nutritional compromise, anemia and suboptimal
academic performance among children from endemic regions.
worm infection, is any macro- parasitic disease in which a part
of the body is infected with parasitic worms, known as
helminths.
2
minu
tes
2
minu
tes
Do you
have any
idea about
worm
infestation
?.
Define
worm
infestation
.
4. 0
3
0
4
Causativ
e
organism
s of
worm
infestati
on
Predispo
sing
factors
Types of helminths;
1. Whipworms
2. Roundworm
3. Flatworm
4. Hookworm
5. Guinea worm
6. Threadworm
7. Filarial worm
PREDISPOSING FACTORS;
Unsanitary conditions
Malnutrition
Improperly cooked meals
Improper hygiene
2
minu
tes
4
minu
tes
What are
the types
of worms?
What are
the
predisposi
ng factors
for worm
infestation
?
5. 0
5
Mode of
transmis
sion
>faecal-oral transmission of eggs or larvae passed in the faeces
of one host and ingested with food/water by another (e.g.
ingestion of Trichuris eggs leads directly to gut infections in
humans, while the ingestion of Ascaris eggs and Strongyloides
larvae leads to a pulmonary migration phase before gut
infection in humans).
>transdermal transmission of infective larvae in the soil (geo-
helminths) actively penetrating the skin and migrating through
the tissues to the gut where adults develop and produce eggs
that are voided in host faeces (e.g. larval hookworms
penetrating the skin, undergoing pulmonary migration and
infecting the gut where they feed on blood causing iron-
deficient anaemia in humans).
>vector-borne transmission of larval stages taken up by blood-
sucking arthropods or undergoing amplification in aquatic
molluscs (e.g. Onchocerca microfilariae ingested by blackflies
and injected into new human hosts, Schistosoma eggs release
miracidia to infect snails where they multiply and form
cercariae which are released to infect new hosts).
>predator-prey transmission of encysted larvae within prey
animals (vertebrate or invertebrate) being eaten by predators
where adult worms develop and produce eggs (e.g. Dracunculus
larvae in copepods ingested by humans leading to guinea worm
05
minu
tes
How are
worms
transmitte
d?
6. 0
6
Clinical
manifest
ations of
worm
infestati
on
infection, Taenia cysticerci in beef and pork being eaten by
humans, Echinococcus hydatid cysts in offal being eaten by
dogs)
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Loss of appetite
Abdominal pain & discomfort
Itching around the anus
Irritation and sleeplessness
Unexplained weight loss and failure to gain weight
Worms visible in stool
Blood in stool
Anaemia
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhoea and dysentery
10
minu
tes
What are
the signs
and
symptoms
of worm
infestation
?
9. 0
8
Preventi
on from
worm
infestati
on
Avoid open defecation- as the larva and eggs of helminths
are excreted in faeces, open defecation results in
transmission of worms via faeco- oral or skin route.
Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before
consumption- developmental stages of worms may enter
the food chain from soil to the fruits and vegetables.
Keep nails clean and short- may act as a transporter of
worms or their eggs from the environment to the inside
of the body.
Keep food covered- flies may act as a vector for
transmission of worms.
Always wear slippers outside and wash your feet after
coming from outside- worms may get access directly
through the skin such as hookworm.
10
minu
tes
How can
you
prevent
transmissi
on of the
worms?
10. Cook meat thoroughly before consumption- Raw or
undercooked meat is a way, tapeworms and flukes can find
their way into people.
Drink clean water- tapeworms can enter the body by
drinking water contaminated with their eggs or larvae.
12. 0
9
National
dewormi
ng day
DEWORMING-
RECOMMENDATIONS BY WORLD HEALTH
ORGANISATION-
Preventive chemotherapy (deworming), using annual or biannual
single-dose albendazole (400 mg) or mebendazole (500 mg) is
recommended as a public health intervention for all young
children 12–23 months of age, preschool children 1–4 years of
age, and school-age children 5–12 years of age (in some settings
up to 14 years of age) living in areas where the baseline
prevalence of any soil-transmitted infection is 20% or more
among children, in order to reduce the worm burden of soil-
transmitted helminth infection.
a
Biannual administration is recommended where the baseline
prevalence is more than 50%.
b
A half-dose of albendazole (i.e. 200 mg) is recommended for
children younger than 24 months of age.
Whe
n is
nati
onal
dew
ormi
ng
day
cele
brat
ed?
Wha
t is
the
obje
13. REFERENCES
F. Kayser, K. Bienz, J. Eckert, R, M, Zinkernagel- Color atlas of medical microbiology,
Thieme Stuttgart, 543- 605
K. D. Tripathi- Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, 7th
edition, Jaypee Brothers medical
publishers, 850-852
National Deworming Day
With the aim to spread awareness and eradicate intestinal
worms among children in India, the Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare, observes the National Deworming Day (NDD)
twice a year on February 10 and August 10 across the nation,
since 2015. The NDD is followed by Mop-Up Day (MUD) a few
days later, with the intent of deworming children who missed
the dose on the main day. The activity is carried out in all
government and government aided schools as well as Anganwadi
centres throughout the country.
ctiv
e of
mop
- up
day?