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Fundamental unit of life 1
- 2. STEP 02 STEP 03 STEP 01 STEP 05 STEP 06 STEP 04 W h a t a r e l i v i n g o r g a n i s m s m a d e o f ? M i c r o s c o p e - b y w h o m t h e c e l l s a r e m a d e v i s i b l e P i o n e e r s i n c e l l b i o l o g y ( d i s c o v e r y o f c e l l a n d l e a d t o t h e f o r m a t i o n o f c e l l b i o l o g y ) T y p e s o f c e l l s i n o u r b o d y W h a t i s c e l l m a d e u p o f ? P l a s m a m e m b r a n e a n d p r o c e s s i n v o l v e d .
- 3. Y o u c a n r e p l a c e y o u r t e x t h e r e . T h i s i s t h e p l a c e h o l d e r c o l u m n . Y o u c a n r e p l a c e y o u r t e x t h e r e . T h i s i s t h e p l a c e h o l d e r c o l u m n . Y o u c a n r e p l a c e y o u r t e x t h e r e . T h i s i s t h e p l a c e h o l d e r c o l u m n . Y o u c a n r e p l a c e y o u r t e x t h e r e . T h i s i s t h e p l a c e h o l d e r c o l u m n . Y o u c a n r e p l a c e y o u r t e x t h e r e . T h i s i s t h e p l a c e h o l d e r c o l u m n . Y o u c a n r e p l a c e y o u r t e x t h e r e . T h i s i s t h e p l a c e h o l d e r c o l u m n . Topic 1 : Details These small structures that we see are the basic building units of the onion bulb. These structures are called cells. Not only onions, but all organisms that we observe around are made up of cells. However, there are also single cells that live on their own. (amoeba, Chlamydomonas, Paramoecium and bacteria)
- 4. Topic 2 : Details Has a double convex lens with a short focal length Eye piece- 10X to 15X Objective lens of magnification 10X, 40X and 100X Coarse adjustment- used for focus on scanning Fine adjustment- foucus on oil
- 5. Topic 3 : Details Robert Hooke 1665 (cells in a cork) Leeuwenhoek (1674) living cells in pond water Robert Brown (1831) nucleus in the cell Purkinje 1839 coined the term ‘protoplasm Schleiden (1838) and Schwann (1839) Cell theory Virchow (1855) by suggesting that all cells arise from pre-existing cells
- 7. STEP 01 STEP 02 STEP 03 STEP 04 STEP 05 STEP 06 Plasma membrane- covers, protects, gives shape and manages the entry and exit of molecules selectively permeable to some molecules present on either side of it. Many molecules can move briefly across the membrane without any requirement of energy (passive transport) Neutral solutes may move across the membrane by the process of simple diffusion along the concentration gradient.
- 8. STEP 01 STEP 02 STEP 03 STEP 04 STEP 05 STEP 06 A few ions or molecules are transported across the membrane against their concentration gradient, i.e., from lower to the higher concentration. Such a transport is an energy dependent process, in which ATP is utilised and is called active transport, e.g., Na+/K+ Pump.
- 9. You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description
- 10. You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description Diffusion The movement of solute from higher concentration to lower concentration Osmosis The movement of solute from higher concentration to lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane
- 11. You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description Hypotonic If the medium surrounding the cell has a higher water concentration than the cell (solution is very dilute) the cell will gain water by osmosis. The cell is likely to swell up. Isotonic If the medium has exactly the same water concentration as the cell, there will be no net movement of water across the cell membrane. The cell will stay the same size.
- 12. You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description Hypertonic If the medium has a lower concentration of water than the cell (a very concentrated solution) the cell will lose water by osmosis. The cell will shrink.
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