1. Infection in the oral and maxillofacial region can arise from bacteria that exist in the oral and nasal cavities. Factors like temperature and moisture allow bacteria to reproduce and develop. 2. Common sites of odontogenic infection include the tooth, alveolar bone, and soft tissues which can lead to conditions like caries, pulpitis, apical infection, or facial space infections. 3. Diagnosis involves identifying local signs and symptoms like pain, swelling, and pus formation as well as systemic signs like fever. Treatment involves use of antibiotics, surgical drainage and incision to rid the body of toxic materials and allow tissues to heal.

2.  Infection
 Trait
 Arising
 Mutation
 Diagnosis
 Treatment
Conception
Anatomy
Route
Influence factors
Principles
Principles

3. Infectious agent(bacteria)
Host
Inflammatory reaction
protective and defensive
Beneficial
Elimination the infectious pathogen
Repair tissue injury
Harmful
Hypersensitivity
Autoimmune disease

4. Oral and nasal cavity
 Tooth
 Space
 Blood and Lymphoid system
 Bacteria


5. Bacteria---Exist
Oral and nasal cavity
 Maxillary sinus

Temperature + Moisture
(Beneficial)
Reproduction + Developing

6. Tooth
Caries
Alveolar bone
Pulpitis
Soft tissue
Apical
infection
Facial space

7. Fascial space ---loose connective tissue
Among skin, maxillary and muscle
•Purulent--- spreading way
•Do not exist in healthy state
•Become filling during infection

8. Blood and lymphoid system
Beneficial
Abundance
Harmful
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Encephalic infection
Dangerous triangle
•Lacking valves
•Cavernous sinus

9. Micro Flora


Varied
Numerous
• Sterile
• Simple
• Complex




Streptococcus hemolyticus
Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli
Anaerobe

10. 
Odontogenic infection

Adenogenous infection

Traumatic infection

Hematogenous infection

Iatrogenic infection

11. • Periapical infection
• Pericoronitis

12. Fistular
Cellulitis
Intraoral soft
tissue abscess
Septicemia
Acute-chronic
Periapical infection
Deep fascial
space infection
Osteomyelitis
Ascending facialcerebral infection

14. Lower third molar

15. 
Local Signs and Symptoms

Systemical Signs and Symptoms

16. Locally
Pain
 Swelling
 Surface erythema
 Pus formation
 Limitation of motion


17. 




Fever
Lymphadenopathy
Malaise
Toxic appearance
Elevated white blood cell count

18. Acute stage
 Chronic stage


19. Host
 Antibiotic therapy
 Surgical drainage and incision


20. Defense Mechanisms


Migration of white blood cell
Production of antibodies
Critical Principles


Most important factor --- final outcome
The infections--- cured by the host, not by antibiotics

21. Antibiotic era
causative organism
 sensitivity
 specific, narrow-spectrum antibiotic
 least toxic antibiotic
 drug history(success, allergic and toxic)


22. Proper dose
 Proper time interval
 Proper route of administration(oral, parenteral)
 Combination antibiotic therapy


23. How to judge the pus formation?
 Purposes of surgical drainage and incision
 Principles of surgical drainage and incision


24. Characteristic
Three stages
Inoculation




Cellulitis
Abscess


Duration--- >5 days
Palpation---Fluctuant
Appearance---Reddened
Needle aspiration
B-ultrasound
CT

26. Rid the body of toxic purulent material
 Decompress the tissues
 Allowing better perfusion of blood containing antibiotics
and defensive elements
 Increased oxygenation of the infected area


28. Ludwig’s angina

29. Place the incision in an esthetically acceptable
 Place the incision in a dependent position to
encourage drainage by gravity
 Dissect bluntly through deeper tissues and explore all
portions of the abscess
 Place a drain and stabilize it with sutures


30. Principles of surgical drainage & incision

31. Chronic stage
Surgical removal of the focus

Lesion tooth---Impacted tooth

Osteomyelitis

32. Infection in oral & maxillo-facial region
The trait of Infection
 Odontogenic infection
 mutation of infectious
 Diagnosis of the infection
 Diagnosis of the abscess formation
 The principles of the treatment
