Rocks, fossils, and ice cores help us paint a picture of Earth's history through various methods. The law of superposition and index fossils found in sedimentary rock layers allow us to relatively and absolutely date the formations. Ice cores provide information about past climate conditions by examining aspects like carbon dioxide levels, volcanic ash deposits, and tree ring data helps determine precipitation levels over time. Together, these natural records allow scientists to reconstruct important details about Earth's deep history.

1. 9/30/11 B DayLEQ: How do rocks, fossils, and ice cores help us paint a picture of Earth’s history? 1. Give one example of absolute dating. 2. Give one example of relative dating. 3. What is the law of superposition? 4. What is the difference between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere? 5. What causes tectonic plates to move and shift?

2. Review and Quiz Convergent Divergent Transform Subduction Mid-Ocean Ridge Seafloor spreading Trench Rift Valley BRAIN POP: plate tectonics

3. Once you finish… Read the article provided 2. In your notebook, draw a picture or diagram to illustrate a part of the article you read 3. If you finish early, jot down what you know about global warming and make a list of things you wonder about or would like to learn

4. Today’s LEQ: How do rocks, fossils, and ice cores help us paint a picture of Earth’s history? By the end of today, you should be able to… Identify index fossils and intrusions Explain how tree rings and ice cores can tell us about the past

5. FOCUS VOCABULARY: 23. Intrusion 24. Index Fossil 25. Ice Core 26. Tree Ring

6. Activating Strategy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4jM2t3NHPA

7. Law of Superposition

8. Hot Q! The law of superposition states that in horizontal layers of sedimentary rock, each rock layer is ___________. a. Younger than the layer above it and older than the layer below it b. Neither older nor younger than other layers c. Older than the layer above it and younger than the layer below it d. Always older than any vertical layers

9. So what is THIS???

10. INTRUDER ALERT!!

11. INTRUSION: Magma that pushes through rock layers. Intrusions are younger than the layers they cut through (the layers had to be there before it could cut through them!)

12. INTRUSION!

13. PUT THESE IN ORDER FROM OLDEST TO YOUNGEST… A Oldest: C A Youngest: B B C

14. Independent Practice 1-5

15. Diagram 1 What is the oldest rock layer? How do you know? A B C D E

16. Diagram 1 What is the youngest rock layer? How do you know?

17. Diagram 1 What is layer C called?

18. Diagram 1 List all rock layers in order from oldest to youngest.

19. Diagram 1 What is the name of the law that tells us this is true?

20. Write this in your notes: INDEX FOSSILS: fossils that were common, widespread, and only lived in a specific time period Wait…huh?

23. Independent Practice 5-10

24. Which of the following could we use as an index fossil?

25. Diagram 2 Are fossils 2 and 4 from the same time period? How do you know?

26. Diagram 2 If fossil 2 is 500,000 years old, what do we know about the age of the rock layer it is in?

27. Diagram 2 What is the youngest fossil in this picture?

28. Diagram 2 Is Fossil 5 older or younger than fossil 3? How do you know?

29. Diagram 2 List the fossils in order from youngest to oldest

30. Hot Question The law of superposition states that in horizontal layers of sedimentary rock, each rock layer is ___________. a. Younger than the layer above it and older than the layer below it b. Neither older nor younger than other layers c. Older than the layer above it and younger than the layer below it d. Always older than any vertical layers

31. Superposition Illustration Your illustration must include: At least 5 layers of rock (use different colors!) At least one intrusion The following labels: OLDEST ROCK YOUNGEST ROCK INDEX FOSSILS INTRUSION

32. How has our CLIMATE changed over time?

33. EOG Question From Last Year’s Test: A scientist has a hypothesis that a large volcanic eruption caused a change in global temperature. Which information gained from ice cores is most useful in supporting the scientist’’s hypothesis? A. levels of dissolved oxygen B. identities of trace metals C. estimates of natural radioactivity D. amounts of atmospheric dust

34. Draw this in your notes: Evidence for climate change: Ice Cores Tree Rings

35. Ice Cores: samples of ice that tell about the AIR in Earth’s atmosphere over time Example:

37. Ice Cores: samples of ice that tell about the AIR in Earth’s atmosphere over time Example: Carbon Dioxide in atmosphere

38. The Greenhouse Effect How does it feel when you get into a car after it’s been sitting in the hot summer sun all day? Why do you think it feels that way? The Greenhouse Effect works the same way! Greenhouse Brainpop

39. Let’s take a closer look…

40. High CO2 = Warmer Temps Greenhouse Effect: certain gases, such as CO2, in Earth’s atmosphere trap energy from the sun and warm up Earth

41. HOT Q: You take an ice core from Antarctica and you find significantly more carbon dioxide bubbles in the layers of ice that are closer to the top. What can you infer about the climate?

42. 1000 years of CO2 and Global Warming

43. Ice Cores: samples of ice that tell about the AIR in Earth’s atmosphere over time Example: Carbon Dioxide in atmosphere Pollution

44. THE YEAR THAT CONGRESS PASSED THE CLEAN AIR ACT

45. Ice Cores: samples of ice that tell about the AIR in Earth’s atmosphere over time Example: Carbon Dioxide in atmosphere Pollution Volcanic Ash

46. HOT Q: The Earth gets COLDER after big volcanic eruptions! WHY?

47. These things block the sun from reaching earth!

48. Why does the Earth get colder after big volcanic eruptions? 24 Dust, ash glass, and rock are released into the air during a volcanic eruption. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmsxmbVYMHo&NR=1

49. Clouds of ash can cover entire continents!

50. EOG Question From Last Year’s Test: A scientist has a hypothesis that a large volcanic eruption caused a change in global temperature. Which information gained from ice cores is most useful in supporting the scientist’’s hypothesis? A. levels of dissolved oxygen B. identities of trace metals C. estimates of natural radioactivity D. amounts of atmospheric dust

51. Ice Cores and Climate Change! Ice in Greenland and Antarctica can be deeper than the height of skyscrapers and up to 530,000 years old!

52. Tree Rings: tell the amount of rain and precipitation over time. Example: 1 Ring = 1 year THICK = MORE RAIN THIN = LESS RAIN

53. SUMMARIZER: How do rocks, fossils, and ice cores help us paint a picture of Earth’s history?(3-5 sentences please!) Your answer MUST INCLUDE the following vocabulary: TREE RINGS ICE CORES INDEX FOSSILS LAW OF SUPERPOSITION