Latin America gained independence from Spain through various liberation movements led by Simón Bolívar, José de San Martín, and Toussaint L'Ouverture. Haiti was the first Latin American country to gain independence in 1804 led by Toussaint L'Ouverture who led a slave revolt against French colonial rule. Simón Bolívar liberated Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and Bolivia from Spanish control in the 1810s and 1820s. Mexico gained independence in 1821 after over a decade of fighting led initially by Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla who issued the "Cry of Dolores" calling for revolution.

1. Top of the Mornin! 3/17/15
EQ: How did Latin America gain their Independence?
HW: NoneNone
SPONGE
#1. Update TOC and glue handout on to page 71
#2. What does Independence mean to you?
Quietly discuss with a person sitting next to you.
DateDate ## TitleTitle
3-17 71 LA Independence Leaders
3-17 72 LA Liberator Action Figure Project

2. Directions- PIG OUT Notes
1. Pair- Individual- Group (no more than 3)
2. Get BYOT/iPad- Go to mspardee.weebly.com
(link on edmodo) OR use coachbook pgs 99-102
3. Complete your graphic organizer using
technology
4. You will have 12 minutes and then we will go
over it as a class
*If you finish early,
come get your project
from the Blue tray on my
desk.

3. Unit 7 Notes

4. • Spain is building an empire- Native Americans are
the lowest class
• Native Americans begin to die because of
European diseases
• Introduction of Slavery
• New ethnicities- Mestizo, Mulatto, Criollo
• More money from Triangle Trade = more slaves
• Slaves are unhappy= more rebellions

5. Haiti

7. • former slave in Haitiformer slave in Haiti; freed in 1777
• Plantation owner allowed him to learn
how to read and write
• Read books about freedom and equality
for all
• 1789- French revolution occurs, and
they free all blacks and mulattoes
• This made plantation owners MAD- so
France took it back
• 1791: led a huge slave revolthuge slave revolt against
the FrenchFrench in Hispanola

9. • 1793- French government abolishes slavery
• 1801: L’Ouverture led a huge army into a Spanish colony &
freed all slavesfreed all slaves there
• Six months later, he became “governor general of Haiti for life.”
• 1802: Napoleon sends Large French army lands in Haiti wanted
to restore old French government & regain control of sugar trade
• L’Ouverture was asked to attend a peace treaty in France
• French tricked and arrested L’Ouverture and sent him to prisonprison
in Francein France
• L’Ouverture died in prisondied in prison

10. • L’Ouverture’s army was outraged; it took up arms
again against France.
• November 1803: defeated last of the French forces
• 1804: declared Haiti independent of French rule
• HaitiHaiti became the 1st country in Latin America1st country in Latin America
to break freefree of European imperialism.

11. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Bolivia

13. • wealthy Venezuelan criollocriollo who spent
many years traveling Europe
• While in Italy, he discovered his life’s
purpose: to liberate his homeland from
European control.
• 1810: Bolivar’s army kicks Spanishkicks Spanish governor
out of VenezuelaVenezuela
• 1811: new constitution proclaimed Venezuela’s
independent of Spanish rule
• Soon after, Spanish royalists defeated the
new country’s army & Bolivar was forced
to flee to New Granada (Colombia).

14. • Bolivar organized a bigger armybigger army
& marched back into Venezuela.
• 1813: Bolivar’s army won & took controlwon & took control
of Venezuela’s capital, Caracas
• Bolivar was nicknamed El Libertador.El Libertador.
• Over the next few years, Bolivar liberated
New Granada (now Colombia),New Granada (now Colombia),
Ecuador, Panama, Peru, & Upper PeruEcuador, Panama, Peru, & Upper Peru
(now Bolivia).(now Bolivia).

17. Mexico

19. • Catholic priestCatholic priest in the town of Dolores
• began the struggle for Mexico’sMexico’s
independence in 1810
• September 16th, 1810September 16th, 1810: “Cry ofCry of
DoloresDolores” was his call for revolution; rang
church bells and shouted, “Long live our
Lady of Guadalupe! Death to bad
government! Death to the Spaniards!”
• an army of mestizos & Nativemestizos & Native
Americans rallied behind HidalgoAmericans rallied behind Hidalgo

21. • 80,000 people joined the fight, but the
army was soon defeated by the SpanishSpanish.
• Hidalgo was captured and executed in 1811Hidalgo was captured and executed in 1811
• Mexicans continued to fight for
independence over the next decade.
• 1821: Mexico gained independence1821: Mexico gained independence
from Spain.from Spain.
• Mexico celebrates September 16th
as it’s
Independence Day.
• The president rings a bell in Mexico city and
repeats Hidalgo’s “Cry of Dolores.”