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The Christianization of the Natives in California

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Henry Lesperance
Henry Lesperance

The document discusses the Christianization of Native Americans in California by Spanish missionaries between the 18th and early 19th centuries. It describes how missionaries tried to undermine traditional native religions and convert natives to Christianity, sometimes through imprisonment of those who refused conversion. It also mentions how military presidios helped control native laborers and suppress rebellions. Several Jesuit priests who worked as missionaries in California, such as Padre Ignacio Tirsch and Junipero Serra, are discussed. The increasing presence of foreign powers like England, France, and Russia in the region was a concern that contributed to the expansion of the Spanish missionary system in Alta California.

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The Christianization of the Natives (Izquierda) Indigenas Californios se dirigen a la misión para ser convertidos. Ilustración del padre Ignacio Tirsch (Lám.XXX) siglo XVIII. Derecha foto de Californio.
Indian Rancheria, •  (in Spanish America and the western U.S.) a small Indian settlement Unknown  Ar)st  
Missionaries’ Treatment of the Natives •  The missionaries’ unrelenting and heavy handed efforts to undermine traditional religious beliefs alienated some natives and caused insurrections by the natives. •  According to a British observer “If…any of the captured Indians show a repugnance to conversion, it is the practice to imprison them for a few days…and thus renounce the religion of their forefathers”
•  Presidios also had the function of ensuring that native laborers were kept in check and pacify them in in case of a rebellion.
Nicolas Tamaral died the 3rd of October 1734 at San Jose del Cabo. Lithograph by Jesuit Miguel Venegas
Padre Ignacio Tirsch •  Jesuit priest who worked as a missionary in the Peninsula of California, from 1762-1768. •  Some of the earliest European paintings about life in the peninsula are from padre Ignacio Tirsch.  
Padre Ignacio Tirsch, siglo XVIII
The Manila Galleon and the Santiago Mission, Baja California. Padre Ignacio Tirsch, siglo XVIII
•  English and French were becoming more a problem in the Pacific in search of the Northwest Passage 1708-1722 George Shelvocke
Capt. George Shelvocke 1675-1742
Life in Baja California 1708-1722, George Shelvocke
1708-1722 George Shelvocke
Junipero Serra (1713-1784) Founder and First Padre President of the Franciscan Missions of California
•  Between 1785-1803 the number of converts came to be over 50,000
•  Alta California was settled because the enormous numbers of potential converts estimates projected were 300,000 mostly in the costal region. 1822 Ludwig, Louis Choris 1795-1828
Russian explorations and settlements in Alaska were seen as a threat. 1802
Russian Ship Sets Anchor in the Bering Sea Ludwig, Louis Choris 1795-1828
•  Juan Bautista de Anza (1735-1788), entrusted to blaze the trail between Alta California and Arizona. Why was this trail of importance?
The Christianization of the Natives in California

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The Christianization of the Natives in California

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  • 6. The Christianization of the Natives (Izquierda) Indigenas Californios se dirigen a la misión para ser convertidos. Ilustración del padre Ignacio Tirsch (Lám.XXX) siglo XVIII. Derecha foto de Californio.
  • 7. Indian Rancheria, •  (in Spanish America and the western U.S.) a small Indian settlement Unknown  Ar)st  
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  • 10. Missionaries’ Treatment of the Natives •  The missionaries’ unrelenting and heavy handed efforts to undermine traditional religious beliefs alienated some natives and caused insurrections by the natives. •  According to a British observer “If…any of the captured Indians show a repugnance to conversion, it is the practice to imprison them for a few days…and thus renounce the religion of their forefathers”
  • 11. •  Presidios also had the function of ensuring that native laborers were kept in check and pacify them in in case of a rebellion.
  • 12. Nicolas Tamaral died the 3rd of October 1734 at San Jose del Cabo. Lithograph by Jesuit Miguel Venegas
  • 13. Padre Ignacio Tirsch •  Jesuit priest who worked as a missionary in the Peninsula of California, from 1762-1768. •  Some of the earliest European paintings about life in the peninsula are from padre Ignacio Tirsch.  
  • 14. Padre Ignacio Tirsch, siglo XVIII
  • 15. The Manila Galleon and the Santiago Mission, Baja California. Padre Ignacio Tirsch, siglo XVIII
  • 16. •  English and French were becoming more a problem in the Pacific in search of the Northwest Passage 1708-1722 George Shelvocke
  • 18. Life in Baja California 1708-1722, George Shelvocke
  • 20. Junipero Serra (1713-1784) Founder and First Padre President of the Franciscan Missions of California
  • 21. •  Between 1785-1803 the number of converts came to be over 50,000
  • 22. •  Alta California was settled because the enormous numbers of potential converts estimates projected were 300,000 mostly in the costal region. 1822 Ludwig, Louis Choris 1795-1828
  • 23. Russian explorations and settlements in Alaska were seen as a threat. 1802
  • 24. Russian Ship Sets Anchor in the Bering Sea Ludwig, Louis Choris 1795-1828
  • 25. •  Juan Bautista de Anza (1735-1788), entrusted to blaze the trail between Alta California and Arizona. Why was this trail of importance?