This document presents information on the importance of salt recovery plants in the textile dyeing industry. It summarizes the process used in one such plant, including chlorination, ozonation, filtration through reactors and tanks, and reverse osmosis to recover salt from dye wastewater. Fabric was dyed using the recovered saline water and groundwater, and analyzed for shade variation, color fastness, and salt recovery rate, which was calculated to be 35% of total salt used. The conclusion emphasizes the need for more industries to implement such plants to reduce environmental threats from wastewater.
Each colour of disperse dyes requires different raw materials. Because the range of colours is very large each colour has its own manufacturing process. The difference in the processes is primarily in the reaction period.
Each colour of disperse dyes requires different raw materials. Because the range of colours is very large each colour has its own manufacturing process. The difference in the processes is primarily in the reaction period.
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Industrial waste water purification procedurepasindulaksara1
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A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Textile Engineering
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The effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) is a method that is used to treat the emanation coming out from many areas of the plant. It includes biological, physical, and chemical processes. It aims to releasing safe water into the environment to prevent it from getting cop0ntaminated. These plants are have been very useful in the process of providing clean water to the environment and have conserved water in a number of ways.
Effluent Treatment Plant
What is ETP
Need fo ETP
Design of ETP
Design of ETP
Sludge treatment process
Flowchart of ETP
Case study of ETP
ETP plant operation
Textile plant ETP
Equalization
Sedimentation
Settlers
Sludge treatment process
Flowchart of ETP
Case study of ETP
ETP plant operation
Textile plant ETP
Equalization
Sedimentation
Settlers
PH adjustment
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Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
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Television Appearances
Nelson's char
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Importance of Salt Recovery Plant in Textile Dyeing Industry.
1. Welcome To Our Presentation
Presentation On
Importance of Salt Recovery Plant in
Textile Dyeing Industry
Submitted By:
Rajib Mia
Dept. of textile engineering,
Southeast University(SEU)
Gmail:mdrajibmia758@gmail.com
Phone: +8801774435305
SubmittedTo:
Israt zerin
Lecturer
Department of textile engineering
Southeast university(SEU)
2. Introduction:
Salt Recovery Plant (SRP) is such a plant which is related with betterment of environment issue of dying
sector as well as textile industry. Different projects have been done for recovering salt from dyed
solution. Textile industries mainly constitute large volume of fresh water and the effluent discharge are
heavily polluted with dissolve solid, organic and color. The advance treatment technologies and
processes, reducing concentration of the pollutants and also give scope for recovery and recycle of water
and salt from effluents, which help conserve natural sources.
In this study Chlorination, Ozonation, Reactor, Air Diffusion Tank, Flash Mixer, Pressure Sand Filter Feed
(PSF), Ultra Filtration, Reverse Osmosis (RO) processes used for treatment of waste water after dyeing
with reactive dye. After the treatment the saline water is used for dyeing fabric again and compared with
the dyed fabric using ground water.
3. Methodology :
The methodology is the general research strategy
that outlines the way in which research is to be
undertaken and identifies the methods to be
used in it.
Most of the salt concentration is contained in the
dye bath, In this study we have followed SRP
plant of Niagara Textiles Ltd. It has been
developed an innovative technology working
directly on dye-bath discharge or waste water. It
facilitates salt recovery reducing the quantity and
allowing its reuse, isolating the considerable
concentrate waste, treating it separately with the
treatment plant
4. •Raw Materials:
Chemical Has Been Used in This Plant Are –
Hydro chloric acid
Chlorine
Titanium (Ti)/Magnesium chloride Dye
Poly aluminum chloride (PAC),
Ozone gas
Hydrogen
5. Process Flow Chart of SRP
Bath Collection Tank
Chlorination
Ozonation
Reactor
Air Diffusion Tank
Flash Mixer
Pressure Sand Filter Feed (PSF)
Ultra Filtration
Reverse Osmosis (RO)
cleaning tank.
6. • Dye Bath Collection Tank:
At first the waste water comes from dye bath to dye bath collection tank. Only the
water which contains 60g/l salt will be treated in salt recovery plant. This waste
water having a PH about 10-11 while coming in dye bath and then Hydro chloric
acid is added to reduce the pH level about 8.
7. Chlorination:
• Waste water runs for the further
process from dye bath and at a first
stage chlorination has been done
through the pipe. Water chlorination
is the process of adding chlorine or
hypochlorite to water. This method is
used to kill certain bacteria and other
microbes in tap water as chlorine is
highly toxic and in this process water
color is also reduced. When dissolved
in water, chlorine converts to an
equilibrium mixture of chlorine,
hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and
hydrochloric acid (HCl). [1]
Cl2 + H2O ⇌ HOCl + HCl
8. Ozonation:
• Ozone can eliminate a wide variety of
inorganic, organic and microbiological
problems and taste and odor problems.
The microbiological agents include
bacteria, viruses, and protozoans (such as
Guardia and Cryptosporidium). Ozone is a
powerful oxidant, leaves no residual
harmful product, no sludge disposal
problem and increases the DO content of
wastewater which helps further in the
degradation of residual pollutant. ozone
finds use in treatment of all types of
waste such as municipal waste water,
industrial waste water, contaminated
ground water, treatment of swimming
pool water.
Ozonation Tank.
9. Reactor:
After ozonation the water flows towards 6
boxes of reactors. The reactors are Ti and Mcl.
Which removes pathogens, color and wasted
raw materials present in water and works for
removing different types of toxic materials
from water.
Reactor tank.
10. Air Diffusion Tank:
After mixing with reactor the
water goes to the air diffusion
tank. Then air is passed to the
air diffusion tank by blower
Which increasing oxygen level
in the water.
Air Diffusion Tank
11. Flash Mixer:
Flash mixing is done in 4 tank. After air diffusion the water first
reserved in 1st tank. Then water goes to 2nd tank and there mix
with Poly Chloride (PC), Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC). Which
removes color and pathogen from water. After that the water
enters into 3rd tank and mix with polymer. And then water flows
towards the 4th tank and there separation of water and sludge is
done. The 4th tank also called as clarifier tank. Titanium metal
contains on surface layer of titanium oxide that prevents
through chemical reactions. When the layer is damaged it is
usually restored rapidly. This not only occurs when it comes in
contact with air but also in contact with water. This reaction
forms both titanium oxide and highly flammable hydrogen gas
according to the following reaction mechanism.
Flash Mixer
12. Pressure Sand Filter Feed (PSF) :
From Clarifier tank water goes to the
PSF tank where water get recycled and
get filtered and then goes for another
process through the pipe.
Pressure Sand Filter Feed (PSF)
13. Ultra Filtration :
From PSF Feed the water
comes to the ultra filtration
feed tank. Feed tank water
goes to ultra filtration tower.
There pathogens are removed
and water get filtered and
recycled also.
Ultra Filtration Tank
14. • Reverse Osmosis (RO):
This is the last stage of Salt Recovery Plant. After ultra filtration water
goes to the two RO feed tank. From RO feed tank water flows toward
RO tower. In this process high air pressure is provided by a motor to the
RO tank and water recycled and creates saline water and fresh water.
Reverse Osmosis (RO)
15. • Cleaning Tank :
When ultra filtration tower and reverse osmosis tower deposits dirt,
this time cleaning is done by chlorine gas in cleaning tank. This process
is held after every twenty days.
Cleaning Tank
16. • Dyeing of Cotton Fabric Using Saline Water from SRP and Ground Water :
Cotton fabric dyed with reactive dyes with ground water and saline water from SRP. Gluber
Salt is added according to the calculation of extra salt needed prior to the salt content
remain in the saline water.
Recipe:
Jinjipi Super yellow-0.18%
Jinjipi Deep Red CD-2.3%
Dychufix Navy blue GG-0.15%
Gluber salt-60g/L
Soda ash-2.25g/L
Levelling Agent-0.6g/L
Sequestering Agent-0.5g/L
pH 10-11
Time 60min
Temperature 60°C
Liquor ratio 1:6
17. Comparison on Shade Variation:
The shade difference of the samples has been evaluated by Verivide light box.
Spectrophotometric Evaluation of Dyed Samples
Color co-ordinates values of dyed samples were compared by using spectrophotometer
“Spectro 600” (Spectro 600).
Color Fastness to Wash:
Washing fastness of dyed samples was tested according to ISO 105:CO3 method at 60°C
for 30 minutes.
Color Fastness to Rubbing :
This test is designed to determine the degree of color which may be transferred from the
surface of a colored fabric to a specific test cloth for rubbing (dry and wet), Method: ISO
105 /12 and M/c Name: Crock master has been used for rubbing test.
Salt Recovery Calculation :
Salt recovery proportion is calculated according to the capacity of the plant and
expressed as percentage.
18. Result & Discussions :
In this factory, As per recipe gluber salt =80 g/l needed for dyeing 1000kg fabric
When M:L=1:6
Total salt require=6*80=480 kg
With saline water salt covered=(1000*6)70/1000 =420 kg
salt save =(480-420)=60 kg
Daily, average gluber salt require=7000 kg
So salt recovery per day =2450 kg
Total salt recovery = (2450/7000)*100% =35%
So, 35% of total salt used is recovered by using salt recovery plant in Niagra Textiles
Limited.
19. Conclusion:
Now a day’s gradual increasing use of deep water in industries especially
in textile industries which is a big threat for our ecological balance &
environment. So considering the situation many textile industries of all
over the world should be implemented this plant because of the welfare
of our environment and maintain a hygienic nature by blowing out toxic-
free water from their industries waste by recycling waste into fresh
water & saline water.
