Special Instruction:
Fabric shrinkage must keep within ±5%
Color fastness should be 4-5 range
Pilling range 3 to 5
pH range 5.5 to 7
Fabric weight will be allowed ±02%
Fabric quality should be s per approved swatches & Lab-Dips.
Batch to batch color matching should be 4-5
Batch to batch “Shade Band Swatch” must be submitted for approval.
Special Instruction:
Fabric shrinkage must keep within ±5%
Color fastness should be 4-5 range
Pilling range 3 to 5
pH range 5.5 to 7
Fabric weight will be allowed ±02%
Fabric quality should be s per approved swatches & Lab-Dips.
Batch to batch color matching should be 4-5
Batch to batch “Shade Band Swatch” must be submitted for approval.
Lab dip is a process by which buyers supplied swatch is matched with the varying dyes percentage in the laboratory with or without help of “DATA COLOR”
Lab dip plays an important role in shade matching & and detaching the characteristics of the dyes and chemicals are to be used in the large scale of production. So this is an important task before bulk production.
Dyeing is the application of dyes or pigments on textile materials such as fibers, yarns, and fabrics with the goal of achieving color with desired color fastness. Dyeing is normally done in a special solution containing dyes and particular chemical material. … In dyeing, it is applied to the entire textile.
DEFINITION: Pigment is a substrate in a particulate form which is insoluble in water but which can be dispersed in this medium to modify its color and light scattering properties. They are organic or inorganic coloring materials. They have no affinity to textile materials. They are fixed on the textile material with the help of binding agent in form a thin invisible coating.
Difference between reactive dye and disperse dye on fabricAzmir Latif Beg
We are introducing about reactive dye and disperse dye on fabric. At present reactive dye and disperse dyes is not a single word globally now it achieved vast sector in dyeing sector. I just try to make a different reactive dye and disperse dye on fabric application based.
Lab dip is a process by which buyers supplied swatch is matched with the varying dyes percentage in the laboratory with or without help of “DATA COLOR”
Lab dip plays an important role in shade matching & and detaching the characteristics of the dyes and chemicals are to be used in the large scale of production. So this is an important task before bulk production.
Dyeing is the application of dyes or pigments on textile materials such as fibers, yarns, and fabrics with the goal of achieving color with desired color fastness. Dyeing is normally done in a special solution containing dyes and particular chemical material. … In dyeing, it is applied to the entire textile.
DEFINITION: Pigment is a substrate in a particulate form which is insoluble in water but which can be dispersed in this medium to modify its color and light scattering properties. They are organic or inorganic coloring materials. They have no affinity to textile materials. They are fixed on the textile material with the help of binding agent in form a thin invisible coating.
Difference between reactive dye and disperse dye on fabricAzmir Latif Beg
We are introducing about reactive dye and disperse dye on fabric. At present reactive dye and disperse dyes is not a single word globally now it achieved vast sector in dyeing sector. I just try to make a different reactive dye and disperse dye on fabric application based.
Color fastness properties of different reactive dyesAzmir Latif Beg
In knitwear industry, dyeing of cotton knitted fabrics is mostly done with reactive dyes, because of their good fastness properties and versatility of applications. The ease of application, wide shade range, high brilliancy and excellent wet fastness properties make the reactive dyes preferred choice for the dyeing of cellulosic fabrics. The most important characteristic of reactive dyes is the formation of covalent bonds with the substrate to be colored, i.e. the dye forms a chemical bond with cellulose. Fiber reactive dyes are the most permanent of all dye types. Unlike other dyes, it actually forms a covalent bond with the cellulose or protein molecule. Once the bond is formed, what you have is one molecule, as the dye molecule has become an actual part of the cellulose fiber molecule.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
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2. OUTLINE
Definition
Background
Technological Limitations
Objectives of RFT dyeing
Benefits of RFT quality control
Requirements for RFT processing
Factors for RFT processing
Variables That Need To Be Monitored For RFT Dyeing
Typical Configuration and the Set Up Of The Dye Bath
Monitoring System
References
3. DEFINITION
RFT dyeing means “Right First Time Dyeing.”
This term is used to define the dyeing efficiency.
If dyeing is completed properly without any fault and there is
no need to put the dyed fabric into the bath to get the proper
shade, then it is called RFT dyeing.
4. BACKGROUND
The concept of right-first-time (RFT) processing in exhaust dyeing
became established in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Originally it was termed
‘no addition’ dyeing if the dyeing was found to be on shade at
the colour assessment stage, or
‘blind dyeing’ if colour assessment was carried out after the
batch had been removed from the dyeing machine.
This concept meant that at each dyeing the target shade was
achieved the first time, hence not requiring re-dyeing.
5. Since the end of 20th century, with the increased competition, dye
houses are asked to meet more exact requirements.
In order to stay competitive and be in business, they were
required to exercise tighter quality control and seek ways to
optimize dyeings.
This necessitated the understanding of:-
a) dyes, chemicals and substrates and their compatibilities and
b) the parameters that influence the rate and extent of dye
uptake by the substrate
6. Technological Limitations In The Past:-
a) The high cost of spectrophotometers
b) The low computation speed that is not sufficient to process the
data generated by the spectrophotometer, and
c) The insufficient computer memory restricting the amount of
data that can be manipulated for the accurate determination of dye
amounts, the adaptation of these prototype systems from the
industry was delayed.
By mid 2000’s, two groups, one in England and the other in the US,
began adapting dye bath monitoring systems which is back-bone
of commercial RFT dyeing.
Exhaust dyeing
7. OBJECTIVE OF RFT DYEING
Increase productivity: The productivity of a company can be
increased if the RFT efficiency increased.
Reduce time consumption: If the dyeing completes in first time then it
will take less time than the 2nd time dyeing.
Increase profit: If the productivity increases then the profit will be
increased too.
Less fabric wastage: If the dyed fabric put 2nd time in a bath then
there is a possibility to damage the fabric.
So in a RFT dyeing this possibility is reduced.
Reduce cost: If the dyed fabric dyeing 2nd time then we needs extra
dyes & chemicals. In RFT dyeing cost will be reduced.
8. BENEFITS OF RFT QUALITY CONTROL
The batch dyer incurs severe financial penalties if a proportion of
batches are not dyed correctly the first time.
A color correction added between 24% and 36% to the total dyeing
cost of the initial dyed batch, depending on the dye/substrate
system and the stage of manufacture.
Stripping and re-dyeing increased the initial dyeing cost by 170%
to 200%; however, these are direct costs that do not include indirect
costs such as loss in revenue and profit.
It helps to eliminate extra expense on re-dyeing, re-shading and
reproducing the color.
9. In addition to the cost savings obtained by RFT processing,
there are several other benefits.
These includes:-
improved quality through shorter processing times
increased productivity from the same equipment and time
frame
improved production planning
less capital expenditure on processing equipment
RFT for automation and robotics
10. REQUIREMENTS FOR RFT PROCESSING
To achieve RFT processing, three objectives must be met:
a high level of within-laboratory reproducibility and
accuracy
accurate transfer and scale-up from laboratory to bulk
repeatability between bulk batches dyed to the same
colour.
11. FACTORS FOR RFT PROCESSING
Important factors to achieve successful dyeing at RFT
include:-
dye standardization
compatibility of dyes and chemicals
catching dyeing problems earlier in the dyeing cycle
reducing or eliminating wasted textile
optimizing dyeing and quantifying end product quality
13. IN THE LABORATORY
Color matching:
Determination of metamerism index
Dyes:
Hue of dyes
Strength of dyes
Moisture content of dye when powder
Physical form of dyes
Fastness properties
Ease of dissolving or dispersing dye
Dye compatibility (Heat, blocking effect)
Variables That Need To Be Monitored For RFT Dyeing
14. Dyeability of substrate:
Evaluation of heat-setting conditions; (polyester): time,
temperature, tension
Substrate contraction evaluation
Evaluation of yarns for blending
Construction
Substrate content variations
Substrate preparation:
a) Degree of bleaching, Degree of mercerization,
b) Cleanness
c) Existence of chemicals, Size content, etc
15. Evaluation of water quality:
Hardness, pH, purity, chlorine amount, etc.
Evaluation of recipe/procedure in dyeing:
Maximum exhaustion determination
Dye compatibility evaluation for heat and blocking effects
Dye instability and Dye-Dye interactions
Evaluation of chemicals and auxiliaries pre dyeing
16. PRE-DYEING
Verify dry weight of substrate / Moisture content of substrate may
vary
Verify weight of dyes / dyebath color (dye check)
Liquor-to-ratio
Salt amount (cotton dyeing)
Weight of chemicals and auxiliary product
17. DURING DYEING
Dyebath temperature
Dye concentration
Dyebath pH
Conductivity
Exhaustion profile vs. standard
Time of dyeing
AFTER DYEING
Shade match confirmation and levelness evaluation
Color fastness confirmation and waste water examination
18. Optimization of dyeing recipe and procedures can be
carried out by:
Characterizing the performance of dyes, auxiliaries and substrates by
identifying physio-chemical parameters
Cutting extra time from the procedure
Using compatible dyes and chemicals
Avoiding unlevelness by controlling temperature, pH and rate of
exhaustion
Eliminating chemicals that are not necessary
Evaluating the performance of dyeing equipment and optimizing dyeing
machine parameters such as flow rate or circulation time
Developing procedures that reduce dyeing time with increased rate of
exhaustion at under utilized dyeing steps
19. Typical Configuration and the Set Up Of The Dye Bath
Monitoring System
To monitor each dye concentration in the dyebath
Fig: Hue Metrix Dye-It-Right Monitor
20. 1) Approximately every 90 seconds during the dyeing process, the
instrument takes a micro sample of dyebath via a small dyebath
circulation loop connected to the dye machine.
2) The sample is conditioned, both physically and chemically for
optimum spectral analysis.
3) Each micro sample is read with the state-of-the art
spectrophotometer and analyzed.
4) The resulting data set (includes dye concentration, exhaustion,
temperature, pH, and conductivity) is recorded by the software.
5) The instruments post-processing software provides certain analysis
features to aid dyers in determining dyeing performance.
21. Fig: The monitoring of dye uptake by the fabric for individual dyes during a dyeing
cycle.
This data may then be correlated with the temperature, pH, and conductivity sensor
measurements if they are attached. Then the data stored and analyzed by engineers.
22. REFERENCES
1. Melih Günay (2011). The Future of Dye House Quality Control with
the Introduction of Right-First Dyeing Technologies, Textile Dyeing,
Prof. Peter Hauser (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-565-5, InTech, Available
from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/textile-dyeing/the-future-of-
dye-house-quality-control-with-the-introductionof- right-first-dyeing-
technologies.
2. Park, J. & Shore, J. (2009). Evolution of right-first-time dyeing production,
Coloration Technology 125: 133–140.
3. Park, J. & Shore, J. (2004). Practical Dyeing, Bradford, The Society of
Dyers and Colourists.
4. Park, J. & Shore, J. (2007). Significance of dye research and
development for practical dyers, Coloration Technology 123: 209–216.
5. David W Farrington; Right-first-time - an approach to meeting the
demands of today’s customer; JSDC Volume 105 September 1989 307
This term is used to define the dyeing efficiency, if the efficiency is more than the dyeing capability of that company is very good otherwise not good. This term actually defines how we can dye a fabric. This term actually defines how we can dye a fabric.
If we can complete our dyeing at first time then we can say that this is RFT dyeing but if we cannot than we say that this is not RFT dyeing.
With advances in computation and electronics by the mid 2000’s, the limitations listed above were overcome.
RFT processing is an essential prerequisite to the introduction of automation and robotics.
Accurate laboratory dyeing is a highly cost-effective stage on the road to achieving RFT production.
The design, equipping, operation and procedures required include methods for achieving laboratory-to-bulk reproducibility in dyeing.
standard operating procedures (SOP)
CD (continous dyeing)
The principal factors in obtaining dyeing reproducibility are listed in Table 1.
These factors are grouped and ordered accordingly with respect to the stages of dyeing.
A typical dyeing is considered to begin in the laboratory with shade matching and sample dyeing, continues with the final checks before dyeing, and reaches completion with the post dyeing quality confirmation.
Another important aim of dyeing research was the optimization of dyeing recipe and procedures by:
A typical dyebath monitoring system such as shown in Figure 1 enables dyers to monitor each dye concentration in the dyebath while measuring the temperature, pH, and conductivity of the dyebath simultaneously.
The determination of dye concentrations in real-time works as follows once the dyes are calibrated:
Automatic mode; is selected during the dyeing process where, every ninety seconds or so, a dyebath sample circulating in the circulation loop connected to the dyebath is automatically taken from the dyebath by the opening and closing of the solenoid valve.
Regardless of the choice to run in manual or automatic mode, a micro sample is enough to calculate the individual dye amounts in the solution. This data may then be correlated with the temperature, pH, and conductivity sensor measurements if they are attached. The results
are then presented to the dyer in real-time at various overlay graphs.
Figure 2 shows the % exhaustion of red, yellow and blue color dyes on a fabric made of polyester, cotton and wool blended fibers versus time. On this substrate, the acid dyes color the wool, the direct dyes color the cotton, and the disperse dyes color the polyester fibers. The
chart plotted in Figure 2 shows that, during the dyeing, the addition of salt triggers the cotton fibers to absorb the direct dyes, the addition of acid triggers wool fibers to absorb acid dyes, and the rise of temperature eventually starts the dyeing of polyester with heat driven disperse dyeing.