HOW INDIAN ECONOMY EFFECT BEFORE AND AFTER GREEN REVOLUTION

1. SAMREEN FATIMA
B.A.( HONS) VI SEMESTER
SESSION: 2018-19

2. The Green Revolution in India refers to a period when Indian
agriculture was converted into an industrial system due to the
adoption of modern methods and technology.
The introduction of high- yielding varieties (HYV) of seeds
after 1965 and the increased use of fertilizers and irrigation
provided the increase in production which improved agriculture
in India.
During this time period, new chemical fertilizers and pesticides
were created.
The chemical fertilizers made it possible to supply crops with
extra nutrients and increase yield.
The newly developed pesticides controlled weeds, kill insects,
and prevented diseases, which also resulted in higher productivity.

3. The larger Green Revolution initiated by Norman Borlaug,
which leveraged agricultural research and technology to
increase agricultural productivity in the developing world.
In the 1940s, he began conducting research in Mexico and
developed new disease resistance high-yield varieties (HYV) of
wheat.
Due to the success of the Green Revolution in Mexico, its
technologies spread worldwide in the 1950s and 1960s.
Dr. M.S. Swaminathan from India led the Green Revolution
as the Project.
The Green Revolution in India begun in the late 1960s and
with its achievement, India attained food self-sufficiency
within a decade.
Thus "Green Revolution" was functional in the period from
1967 to 1978 basically in parts of Punjab and Haryana.
At this stage, the Green Revolution was concern only with
Wheat & Rice.

4. Bengal famines Lack of finance Conventional &
Traditional Approach
Low productivity Disease pest infestation

5. HYV seeds had more success with the wheat crop and
were highly effective in regions that had proper irrigation.
So the first stage of the Green Revolution was focused
on states with better infrastructure – like Punjab
The emphasis of the plan was mostly on food grains
such as wheat and rice.
Increased availability and use of fertilizers to enhance
the productivity of the farms.
Use of pesticides and weedicides to reduce any loss
or damage to the crops
The introduction of technology and machinery like
tractors, harvesters etc. This helped immensely to
promote commercial farming in the country.

6. Use of fertilizers
(chemical)
High yielding varieties
(HYV) of seeds
Irrigation- surface
and ground
Use of
insecticides and
pesticides
Supply of
agricultural
credit
Farm
mechanization
Rural roads and
marketing

7. Increase in Production
Effect on Rural Employment
Reduction in Imports of food grains
Development of Industries
Base for Economic Growth
Effect on consumers
Effect on Planning
Increase in Trade

8. Pollution and erosion of soil
Deadly diseases to human
Harmful for farmers
Creates Unemployment
Increased gap between the rich and the poor
Loss of Resistance to disease and Lots of weeds
Not suited to all diets
Price fluctuations

9. India transformed itself from a starving nation to an exporter of
food. This earned admiration for India in the comity of nations,
especially in the Third World.
Crop areas under high-yield varieties needed more water,
fertilizer, pesticides, fungicides and certain other chemicals. The
industrial growth created new jobs and contributed to the
country's GDP.
India paid back all loans it had taken from the World Bank and its affiliates due to Green Revolution. This
improved India's credit worthiness in the eyes of the lending agencies.
Countries which were facing a shortage in agricultural labour asked the Indian government to supply
them with farmers experienced in the methods of the Green Revolution. These people remitted part of their
incomes to their relatives in India.

10. The Green Revolution has not succeeded in making India totally and permanently self
sufficient in food. In 1979 and 1987, India faced severe drought conditions
due to poor monsoon.
India has failed to extend the concept of high-yield value
seeds to all crops in all regions. In regional terms, only Punjab
and Haryana states showed the best results of the Green Revolution.
But results were less impressive in other parts of India.
There are places like Kalahandi (in India's eastern state of Orissa)
where famine-like conditions have been existing for many years
and where some starvation deaths have also been reported.
The fact that some people are still starving in India, brings into
question whether the Green Revolution has failed in its overall social objectives though it has
been a resounding success in terms of agricultural production.

11.  Declining productivity of a number of crops due to unsustainable agricultural practices over the
years and a galloping rate of population growth have put a severe strain on the food supply situation
in the country.
Thus, a number of shortcomings have been noticed in the
First Green Revolution and it is right time to strive for the
Second Green Revolution.
The Second Green Revolution on the other hand, refers to
practicing sustained agriculture. In order for development to
be sustainable it must meet the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs.
Equally important are development and dissemination of appropriate technologies and improved
opportunities, infrastructure and regulations for marketing of agricultural products.
Thus India is at a juncture where further reforms are urgently required to achieve greater
efficiency- and productivity in agriculture for sustaining growth.

12. 1. More attention of the government and non-government organizations is needed towards
agriculture.
2. Benefits of research and development must reach the farmers at the ground level for
increasing yields and agricultural production.
3. Improvement of marketing by strengthening infrastructure.
4. Soil health enhancement.
5. Better irrigation and water conservation strategies.
6. Access to affordable credit
7. Private public partnership and decentralization of partnership by the poor farmers in the
development programmes.

13.  Due to Green Revolution there was the considerable increase in
the food grains production which was extremely necessary for a
country like India whose population is increasing day by day.
 Due to Green Revolution agricultural sector of India is able to
meet the increasing demand for food grains.
However, Green Revolution also has its negative consequences
Like there was a considerable increase regional and personal
inequality.
Green revolution is only limited to certain crops like wheat and
rice, and it is also limited to certain areas like Punjab and UP.
India needs for the second green revolution, which promises to
feed a growing population sustainably- without compromising the
needs of future generations.

14. BOOKS-
INDIA A Comprehensive Geography – D.R. Khullar
Geography of India – Majid Husain
Indian Economy – Misa.Puri
WEBS-
http://www.economicsdiscussion.net/essays/green-revolution-effects-and-limitations-of-the-green-revolution/2096
https://www.civilserviceindia.com/subject/Political-Science/notes/planning-and-economic-development-green-
revolution.html
https://www.toppr.com/guides/economics/indian-economy-1950-1990/green-revolution/
https://www.onlinejournal.in/IJIRV3I9/068.pdf
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agriculture/
https://www.2thepoint.in/green-revolution-india-everything-know/
http://www.cxotoday.com/story/why-india-needs-a-second-green-revolution/