Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME
Thegreenrevolution
1. GREEN REVOLUTION
Was it green at all?
PRAVEEN MAHATO
2010TT10944
JISHNU SAMANTA
2013CYM2801
under the guidance of
DR. P. HARIPRASAD
2. AREAS TO BE COVERED
What is meant by “The Green Revolution”
Green Revolution in India
Positive effects of Green revolution
Second Green Revolution
Side effects of the Green Revolution-Was it Green at all?
Solution to the problem- Organic farming
Measures taken by Government Of India
3. Introduction
After WWII there was shortage
of food to World-wide which
became very threatening
Unstated goal of US was to find
outlets for agricultural surplus
produced by US farmers and
enhance US geographical
interests.
United State had launched a
food aid for poorer countries
Stated aim was to improve
relation with other countries
4. What is Green Revolution ?
•Increase in cereal productivity by
change in agricultural technology”.
•“Green Revolution” technology
was developed by Norman Borlaug
in 1950s.
•Further research was enhanced by
“International Rice Institute” in
Philippines
Norman Borlaug
5. Objective of Green Revolution
Increasing agriculture product
(obey purpose)
6. Technologies used in Green Revolution
•Seed with improved genetic
•Qualitative expansion of
Farm Land
•Double Cropping of crop
•Pesticides
•Farming machinery i.e. Tractors,
electric pumps
7. Seed Selection-How was it done?
•Introduction of high-yielding varieties (HYVs)
–Modification of genes of plants and
animals for certain advantages resulting in
hybrid varieties.
–With PLANT BREEDING TECHNIQUE
•IR8 – a semi-dwarf rice variety
developed by the International Rice
Research Institute (IRRI) that could
produce more grains of rice per plant
when grown with certain fertilizers and
irrigation.
8. How was it done? ( Cont..)
•Introduction of modern technology
–HYVs were adapted to particular growing
conditions.
•Eg use of irrigation or various chemical
fertilisers
–With the help of modern technology HYVs
were capable of maturing faster.
9. Expansion of farming areas
•The area of land under cultivation was being
increased , but this was not enough in meeting
with the rising demand.
•Other methods were required to increase
resources. Yet, the expansion of cultivable land
also had to continue.
•So, the Green revolution continued with this
quantitative expansion of farmlands, even
though it was not the most striking feature of
the revolution.
10. Double-cropping existing farmland
•Double-cropping was a primary feature of the Green
Revolution.
•Instead of one crop season per year, to have two crop
seasons per year. The one-season-per-year practice was
based on the fact that there is only natural monsoon
per year.
•So, there had to be two "monsoons" per year. One
would be the natural monsoon and the other an
artificial 'monsoon’.
•The artificial monsoons were created by huge
irrigation facilities. Dams were built to arrest large
volumes of natural monsoon water which were earlier
being wasted. Simple irrigation techniques were also
adopted.
11. Green Revolution in INDIA
•Started in the late 1960s. With the success of it, India attained food
self-sufficiency within a decade by the end of the 1970s .
•It was confined only to wheat crop and in northern India such as
Punjab.
•Developed new high yield value (HYV) seeds, mainly wheat and rice
but also millet and corn.
•Swami Nathan from India and Borlaug from Mexico combined high-
yielding varieties with modern agricultural production techniques.
12. Need for Green
Revolution
•India promoted heavy
industrialization, especially
after the second Five Year Plan
(1956-57 to 1960-61), leaving
the agricultural sector
relatively neglected.
•Severe two years‟
consecutive droughts attacked
India in the mid-1960s.
Agriculture recorded
13. • Import as much as 10 million tons of food (mainly
wheat) for the two years
Need for Green Revolution
19. Green Revolution in Rice & Maize
The Green
Revolution in the
Nineteen Sixties in
Wheat, Rice and Maize:
a message of hope on
striking a balance
between the rates of
growth in population
and food production.
20. Effects of Green Revolution
- Increase food production & Self Sufficiency
•The cereal production nearly doubled from 1965-1995
•India also became an exporter.
•Yield per unit of farmland improved by more than 30 per
cent between 1975 and 1980
•Created employment by Crop areas under high-yield
varieties needed more water, more fertilizer, more
pesticides, fungicides and other chemicals.
• This spurred the growth of the local manufacturing
sector. Such industrial growth created new jobs and
contributed to the country's GDP.
-Infrastructure Development –
•Increase in irrigation created need for new dams and
other ancilliary
21. Growth Rate of Food Grain Production
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Annual Rate of Growth of Food Grain Production from 1961-62 to 1985 -86
Punjab
Haryana
Gujarat
UP
Rajasthan
Assam
WB
Karnataka
AP
Orissa
MP
Maharashtra
Bihar
TN
Kerala
All India
23. THE SIDE EFFECTS-
Was it Green at all?
1) Green Revolution being
enforced in India due to US
sanctions
• The occurrence of drought in
1966 caused a severe drop in
food production in India
• *Import from US
The US President, Lyndon Johnson, refused to
commit food aid beyond one month in advance
until an agreement to adopt the Green
Revolution package was signed between the
Indian agriculture minister, C S Subramanian
and the US Secretary of agriculture, Orville
Freeman.
24. 2) No decrease in food grain
imports
in India even after the Revolution
25. THE SIDE EFFECTS
Was it Green at all?
3) Excessive use of pesticides, fertilizer
and water
• CAUSED CANCER, ABNORMALITIES
IN BODY, REDUCED GROUND
WATER LEVEL
• CANCER TRAIN FROM PUNJAB-
RAJASTHAN
26. 4) HYV seeds destroyed
the Genetic Heritage
of native seeds
* MNC’s (Monsanto)
Gained from this
*farmers lost their control
over their seeds
28. WHAT IS ORGANIC FARMING?
Organic farming is a system of agriculture
that uses natural and biodegradable
inputs while deliberately avoiding the use
of synthetic fertilizers
29. WHY ORGANIC FARMING?
1) To restore our natural resources.
2) To safeguard our environment.
3) And to obtain pesticide-free
vegetables, fruits, spices and other
commodities.
4) Organic or ecological farming has
been observed to be feasible in the long
run in terms of soil fertility, stability of
crop yields and economy.
34. ORGANIC FARMING IN
11TH FIVE YEAR PLAN(2007-2012)
Focus on how to strengthen them ?
Organic producer
Organic consumer
Organic market
Four pillars of the Mission
1. To improve food and income security of farmers and
thereby contributing to economic and ecological
sustainability of Indian agriculture
2. To open up self employment opportunities for educated
youth in rural areas
3. To enable India take its share of global organic market
4. To ensure safe and nutritious food supplies to domestic
consumers
35. SUSTAINABLE FARMING IN
12TH FIVE YEAR PLAN(2012-2017)
“Fertiliser consumption in the country
has been increasing over the years and
now India is the second largest
consumer of fertilisers in the world, after
China, consuming about 26.5 million
tonnes of NPK. However, imbalanced
nutrient use coupled with neglect of
organic matter has resulted in multi-
nutrient deficiencies in Indian soils.”
36. SUSTAINABLE FARMING IN
12TH FIVE YEAR PLAN(2012-2017)
A major new mission that will be launched during the
Twelfth Plan is the National Mission for Sustainable
Agriculture (NMSA).
Conceived originally as part of the National Action Plan
on Climate Change (NAPCC), this aims at transforming
Indian Agriculture into a climate-resilient production
system
NMSA will primarily focus on synergising resource
conservation, improved farm practices and integrated
farming for enhancing agricultural productivity especially in
rain-fed areas.
37. “The Violence of Green Revolution” by Vandana Shiva
Slideshare
Wikipedia
Satyameva Jayate Episode on Organic Farming (Star Plus)
India Yearbook 2013, 2014
Manorama Yearbook 2014
Science Reporter
Yojana Magazine
Kurushetra Magazine
The Hindu
11th Five Year Plan (2007-2012)
12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017)
