The document discusses the Green Revolution in India. It provides definitions of the Green Revolution and outlines its key causes such as high-yield seed varieties, chemical fertilizers, and irrigation facilities. The effects of the Green Revolution in India are also examined, including increased food grain production and economic growth. However, the extensive use of chemicals negatively impacted soil quality and water tables. Suggestions to improve the Green Revolution include expanding irrigation infrastructure and providing support to small farmers.

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GREEN
REVOLUTION
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Contents Of Green Revolution
 Meaning of Green Revolution
 Causes of Green Revolution
 Effects of Green Revolution
 Evaluation of Green Revolution
 Arguments Against
 Arguments In Favor
 Suggestions For Success Of Green Revolution
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MEANING OF GREEN REVOLUTION
» Green Revolution Green Revolution is a face used to describe
spectacular increase in the production of food. A large increase in
crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of
artificial fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties
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Causes Of Green Revolution
 High Variety Seeds
 Chemical Fertilizer
 Multiple Cropping
 Irrigation Facility
 Agricultural Machinery
 Plant Protection
 Agricultural Research
 New Technologies
 Marketing Facilities
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Effects of Green Revolution
 Increase In Production
 Capitalistic Farming
 Effects On Rural Employment
 Prosperity Of Farmers
 Development Of Industries
 Base For Economic Growth
 Effects On Prices
 Reduction In The Import Of Food Grains
 Effects On Consumers
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Suggestions For Success Of Green Revolution
 Wider Area
 Extension Of Irrigated Area
 Green Revolution For Small Farmers
 Multiple Cropping
 Modification In Agricultural Strategies
 Land Reforms
 Labour IntensiveTechnologies
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Green Revolution In India
The Green Revolution in India was a period when agriculture in
India increased its yields due to improved agronomic technology.
Green Revolution allowed developing countries, like India, to
overcome poor agricultural productivity. It started in India in the
early 1960s and led to an increase in food grain production,
especially in Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh during the early
phase
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Green Revolution In India
The main development was higher-yielding varieties of wheat,
which were developed by many scientists, including American
agronomist Dr. Norman Borlaug, Indian geneticist M. S.
Swaminathan, and others.
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research also claims credit for
enabling the Green Revolution in part by developing rust resistant
strains of wheat.
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Green Revolution In India
» The introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds and
the increased use of Chemical fertilizers and irrigation led
to the increase in production needed to make the country
self-sufficient in food grains, thus improving agriculture in
India. The methods adopted included the use of high-
yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds with modern farming
methods.
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Green Revolution In India
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» The production of wheat has produced the best results in
fueling self-sufficiency of India. Along with high-yielding
seeds and irrigation facilities, the enthusiasm of farmers
mobilized the idea of agricultural revolution. Due to the rise
in use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers there were
negative effects on the soil and the land such as land
degradation.
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Irrigation Infrastructure of Green Revolution
 Use Of Insecticides Like Herbicide
 Use Of Pesticides
 Consolidation Of Holdings
 Land Reforms
 Improved Rural Infrastructure
 Supply Of Agricultural Credit
 Use Of Chemical Or Synthetic Fertilizers
 Use Of Sprinklers Or Drip Irrigational Systems
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Problems That Were Addressed
Low Irrigation The well irrigated and permanently irrigated area was only
17% in 1951. The majority of the area was dependent on rainfall and,
consequently, agriculture suffered from low level of production. Problems T 1.
Low Irrigation
The Green Revolution was possible due to adequate water supply through
irrigation. The government undertook a number of minor, major and
multipurpose irrigation projects to supply sufficient water to cultivable lands so
that the dependence of farmers on rainfall reduced to great extents. The
government also made provisions for digging canals, hand pumps, etc., for
adequate and increased water supply.
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Problems That Were Addressed 1. Low Irrigation
Going forward, the government should create enabling mechanisms to fuel
the growth in quality seed production. Public sector spending on irrigation,
rural infrastructure (storage, post-harvest and connectivity) and credit
availability are key inventions which will encourage farmers to invest in newer
technologies as their returns would be better.
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Problems That Were Addressed 2. Frequent Famines
» Famines in India were very frequent during the period 1940s to 1970s. Due
to faulty distribution of food, and because farmers did not receive the true
value for their labour, the majority of the population did not get enough food.
Malnutrition and starvation was a huge problem.
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Problems That Were Addressed 3. Lack Of Finance
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» Small and marginal farmers found it very difficult to get finance
and credit at economical rate from the government and banks,
hence, fell as easy prey to the money lenders. They took loans from
zamindars, who charged high rates of interests and also exploited
the farmers later on to work in their fields to repay the loans.
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Indian Economic Sovereignty
» A main criticism of the effects of the green revolution is the cost for many
small farmers using HYV seeds, with their associated demands of increased
irrigation systems and pesticides. A case study is found in India, where
farmers are buying Monsanto BT cotton seeds— sold on the idea that these
seeds produced 'natural insecticides'. In reality, they need to still pay for
expensive pesticides and irrigation systems, which might lead to increased
borrowing to finance the change from traditional seed varieties. Many
farmers have difficulty paying for the expensive technologies, especially if
they have a bad harvest.
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Indian Economic Sovereignty
» Indian environmentalistVandana Shiva notes that this is the "second
Green Revolution".The first Green Revolution, she suggests, was mostly
publicly-funded (by the Indian Government).This new Green Revolution,
she says, is driven by private [and foreign] interest - notably MNCs like
Monsanto. Ultimately, this is leading to foreign ownership over most of
India's farmland. 2. Adverse effects :-The excessive use of chemical
fertilizers decreased soil fertility and also the use of electric tube wells
decreased groundwater table below the previous level.
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Thank You.
N. Harihran ,
harimasterpiece @gmail.com
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