The document discusses the impact of the Green Revolution. It began in the 1960s when high-yielding varieties of crops and increased use of fertilizers and irrigation led to dramatic increases in agricultural production. This included the introduction of semi-dwarf, high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice into India that doubled and tripled yields. While food grain production grew substantially, the overuse of chemicals caused issues like soil degradation and pollution over time. The Green Revolution saved many from famine but was not a sustainable solution due to its environmental impacts.

1. Impact of Green Revolution

2. Introduction
• What is Green Revolution??
• The Green Revolution was a period when the productivity
of global agriculture increased drastically as a result of
new advances.
• During this time period, new chemical fertilizers and
pesticides were created.
• The chemical fertilizers made it possible to supply crops
with extra nutrients and, therefore, increase yield.
• The newly developed pesticides controlled weeds,
deterred or kill insects, and prevented diseases, which
also resulted in higher productivity.

3. Definition
• The Green Revolution is a term referring to the
reformation of agricultural practices resulting in
dramatic increases in crop yields.

4. Significance
• The important economic effects of the Green
Revolution is Increase in Agricultural
Production: The first major direct effect of
the green revolution has been the sharp
increase in agricultural production. As
a result of new agricultural strategy, food
grains output increased substantially.

5. Historical Background
• The main development was higher-yielding varieties of wheat, which
were developed by many scientists, including American agronomist
Dr. Norman Borlaug, Indian geneticist M. S. Swaminathan, and others.
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research also claims credit for
enabling the Green Revolution, in part by developing fungus resistant
strains of wheat.
• The introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds and the increased
use of chemical fertilizers and irrigation led to the increase in
production needed to make the country self-sufficient in food grains,
thus improving agriculture in India.The methods adopted included
the use of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds with modern
farming methods
• Due to the rise in use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers there were
negative effects on the soil and the land such as land degradation.

6. Need / Features
• Land Reform – aimed to increase farm size, setting a
limit on the amount of land the more wealthy could
own and redistributing surplus land to those without.
• Irrigation was the need. Assured and regular supply of
sufficient water to crops not only adds to production, it
also assures stability in production. Indian rainfall being
unreliable, irregular and seasonal.
• Farm mechanization: Mechanization saves a lot of
human labour and quickens the farm operations,
thereby adding to the farm efficiency and productivity.

7. Present Scenario
• Per hectare productivity of all crops e.g. wheat,
rice, cotton, gram, maize and bajra has increased.
It is due to better seeds.
• Chemical fertilizers, irrigation and mechanization
of agriculture.
• Due to multiple cropping and excessive uses of
chemical fertilizers, the demand for labour
increased. At sowing and harvesting time, acute
shortage of labour is experienced. So green
revolution has generated employment.

8. issues
Pollutionand erosion of soil
Pollutionof water
Unemployment among uneducatedfarmers
Deadlydisease
Harmful for farmers
Consumptionmay be adverse
Due to the rise in use of chemical pesticides and
fertilizers there were negative effects on the soil
and the land such as land degradation

9. This led to raise in issues regarding
Green Revolution
Name:Harsh Kundu
class:& section :XI-D
Roll no.21
School: The Heritage School

10. Trends over Time(graph)
0
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
50.8 82 108.4 129.6 176.4 201.6
4.8 10.4 7.5 0.8 0.3 00 2 0 15.5 20.8 40
361
439
548
683
846
1000
1 2 3 4 5 6
Food Grain Production and Population during the last 50 Years
food grains years food grain production(mt) food grains import(mt) buffer stock(mt) population(million)
Name:Harsh Kundu
class:& section :XI-D
Roll no.21
School: The Heritage School

11. Tabular Representation
Growth in food grain production and population during the last 50 years
food grains years
years 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
food grain production(mt) 50.8 82 108.4 129.6 176.4 201.6
food grains import(mt) 4.8 10.4 7.5 0.8 0.3 0
buffer stock(mt) 0 2 0 15.5 20.8 40
population(million) 361 439 548 683 846 1000
Name:Harsh Kundu
class:& section :XI-D
Roll no.21
School: The Heritage School

12. Recent Development
• Green Revolution's start in India
• In 1961, India was on the brink of mass famine. Norman Borlaug was invited to India by
the adviser to the Indian minister of agriculture C. Subramaniam. Despite bureaucratic
hurdles imposed by India's grain monopolies, the Ford Foundation and Indian
government collaborated to import wheat seed from the International Maize and Wheat
Improvement Center (CIMMYT). Punjab was selected by the Indian government to be the
first site to try the new crops because of its reliable water supply and a history of
agricultural success. India began its own Green Revolution program of plant breeding,
irrigation development, and financing of agrochemicals.
• India soon adopted IR8 – a semi-dwarf rice variety developed by the International Rice
Research Institute (IRRI) that could produce more grains of rice per plant when grown
with certain fertilizers and irrigation. In 1968, Indian agronomist S.K. De Datta published
his findings that IR8 rice yielded about 5 tons per hectare with no fertilizer, and almost 10
tons per hectare under optimal conditions. This was 10 times the yield of traditional
rice. IR8 was a success throughout Asia, and dubbed the "Miracle Rice". IR8 was also
developed into Semi-dwarf IR36.
• In the 1960s, rice yields in India were about two tons per hectare; by the mid-1990s, they
had risen to six tons per hectare. In the 1970s, rice cost about $550 a ton; in 2001, it cost
under $200 a ton.[20] India became one of the world's most successful rice producers, and
is now a major rice exporter, shipping nearly 4.5 million tons in 2006.
Name:Harsh Kundu
class:& section :XI-D
Roll no.21
School: The Heritage School

13. Conclusion
• Green Revolution has done a lot of positivethings, savingthe lives of millionspeoples
and exponentiallyincreasingthe yield of food crops. But environmental degradation
makes the Green Revolution an overall inefficient,short-term solution to the problem
of food insecurity.
• So, more sustainable and environmentalfriendlysystemof cultivationneeds to be
practiced.
• The worldneeds green Revolution 2, whichpromises to feed a growingworld
population sustainably–without compromising the needs of future generations
Name:Harsh Kundu
class:& section :XI-D
Roll no.21
School: The Heritage School

14. Thank You