NEW AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF INDIA 2000, POWER POINT PRESENTATIONDebanjanMondal10
This slide content new agricultural policies of india that was taken in the year of 2000, in the aim of gaining production of 4% in every year till 2020.The whole information has been given on that slide,helps one to get complete knowledge of new policies,and its applications.
NEW AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF INDIA 2000, POWER POINT PRESENTATIONDebanjanMondal10
This slide content new agricultural policies of india that was taken in the year of 2000, in the aim of gaining production of 4% in every year till 2020.The whole information has been given on that slide,helps one to get complete knowledge of new policies,and its applications.
The Presentation is prepared by the N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to Seed Act and main features of seed act
WHAT IS CONTRACT FARMING?
Contract farming can be defined as agricultural production carried out according to an agreement between a buyer and farmers which establishes conditions for the production and marketing of a farm product or products. Typically, the farmer agrees to provide agreed quantities of a specific agricultural products.
Theory and practice of contract farming
A central processing or exporting unit purchases the harvests of independent farmers.
Most commonly practiced by food processing companies.
This professional system of extension is based on frequent training of extension workers and regular field visits for onward guiding the farmers in agricultural production and raising their income by providing appropriate plans for country development.
The Presentation is prepared by the N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to Seed Act and main features of seed act
WHAT IS CONTRACT FARMING?
Contract farming can be defined as agricultural production carried out according to an agreement between a buyer and farmers which establishes conditions for the production and marketing of a farm product or products. Typically, the farmer agrees to provide agreed quantities of a specific agricultural products.
Theory and practice of contract farming
A central processing or exporting unit purchases the harvests of independent farmers.
Most commonly practiced by food processing companies.
This professional system of extension is based on frequent training of extension workers and regular field visits for onward guiding the farmers in agricultural production and raising their income by providing appropriate plans for country development.
Study report on Indian agriculture with IoT IJECEIAES
Most of the population of our country are depends on agriculture for their survival. Agriculture plays an important role in our country economy, but since past few years production from agriculture sector is decreasing drastically. Agriculture sector saw a drastic downfall in its productivity from past few years, there are many reasons for this downfall. In this paper we will discuss about past, present and future of agriculture in our country, agricultural policies which are provided by government to improve the growth of agriculture and reasons why we are not able see the growth in agriculture. And also we will see how can we adopt automation into agriculture using various emerging technologies like IoT (Internet of Things), data mining, cloud computing and machine learning and some authors done some quality work previously on this topic we will discuss that also. Here we will see previous work done by various authors which can be useful to increase the productivity of agriculture sector.
What are subsidies?
Subsidies are the money the government gives to the public or
corporates for selling essential goods and services at cheaper rates.
Simply put, it is the opposite of taxation. There are two different kinds of subsidies – growth oriented and welfare oriented. Reduction in fuel and food costs is an example of welfare-oriented subsidies. The government also sometimes gives money to companies or farmers for operating in certain industries.
These are examples of growth-oriented subsidies. These subsidies encourage companies to operate in industries that may have high business costs, but are still important for the public and the economy.
The oil marketing industry is the best example of this. These companies sell fuel at cheaper rates, incurring a loss. Yet, fuel plays a very important role in the economy. So, to encourage companies to operate in this environment, the government pays them subsidies to make up for the loss.
With a new decade just around the corner, the future has never been brighter for the agriculture industry.. The integration of the agricultural supply chain is adding value to the entire sector, and rapid development in emerging markets such as those of Latin America has had a tremendous impact on production. Demand for agricultural goods continues to rise, especially in Asian markets, and changing dynamics in developed markets like the US and the EU are reshaping the face of the industry. As we enter the 2020's, there has never been a better time to pursue opportunities in the agricultural sector.
Nonetheless, the industry also faces unprecedented challenges. The global population is rising like never before, and urbanization is rapidly changing the world's demographic landscapes, especially in emerging markets, all while the total area of farmland is diminishing. These factors have put tremendous pressure on agricultural sector to lead the effort to advance global food security through new technology, optimized farm practices, and strategic investment.
In Farmfolio's Ag Investor Guide, you will learn about the trends that are shaping the future of the industry, along with the regions, commodities, and technologies that are drawing the attention of investors. The guide offers a wealth of information about the agricultural sector that will leave investors well-equipped to enter the new decade.
Indian Economy a key factor for shaping Indian Society and Law: A case of Indian Farmer’s Loan: How Loan Waivers has become a part of Election manifesto and impacts of such loan waivers over Farmers and Indian Economy.
To bring any meaningful improvement in the fragile condition of India's farming community, a comprehensive rural development effort is needed. Any piecemeal solution like occasional loan waiver shall have almost no sustainable impact. The traditional farmer welfare measures like periodic hikes in support prices for certain crops, farm input subsidies, interest rate subvention have not yielded the desired results.
In my view, a sustainable improvement in Indian farmers' conditions is possible only under a comprehensive rural development mission. The mission should address the problem with structural reforms at three levels, viz., 1. Farm Level; 2. Policy Level and 3. Social Level. All reforms must be pursued "urgently, vigorously, simultaneously" and in a fully integrated fashion, for having a meaningfully sustainable impact.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
1. Effects of Economic
Reforms on Indian
Agricultural Sector
2/12/2015Anuj Gupta, Amity School of Business, Amity University 1
2. Before 1991
Largest employer; more than 80% population doing agriculture related
activities
Use of primitive and traditional methods prior to mid-1960s
Initiatives like the Green Revolution(food grains), Yellow
Revolution(oil seeds), Operation Flood(milk and dairy products), Blue
Revolution(fish) etc.
These initiatives introduced HYV seeds, modern irrigation facilities
like tube wells etc.
Use of fertilizers and pesticides instead of manure was introduced
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3. The policy used by government was that of protectionism
Thus the government introduced high tariffs on imports of agro-
based products, except for the imports made for cultivation
There were also various subsidies provided for by the
government :
Seeds were provided to farmers in regulated markets at a lower price.
This ensured fairness in the process of provision of seeds and also
ensured the quality of the food grains.
Fertilizers and pesticides were also provided at a cheap and
subsidized rate
Infrastructure for irrigation was provided by the government itself. If
not so, it ensured that the said item was provided at a subsidized rate
Also, the farmers were able to avail low-interest loans from the
government banks to finance their various costs.
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5. Liberalisation
In general, liberalization (or liberalisation) refers to a relaxation of previous
government restrictions, usually in such areas of social, political and
economic policy. In some contexts this process or concept is often, but not
always, referred to as deregulation.
Economic liberalization is the lessening of government regulations and
restrictions in an economy in exchange for greater participation by private
entities; the doctrine is associated with classical liberalism. Thus,
liberalisation in short is "the removal of controls" in order to encourage
economic development.
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6. Privatisation
Privatisation is the process of transferring ownership of business, enterprise,
agency, public service, or public property from the public sector (a
government) to the private sector, either to a business that operates for a
profit or to a nonprofit organisation. It may also mean government
outsorcing of services or functions to private firms, e.g. revenue collection,
law enforcement, and prison management.
Privatization has also been used to describe two unrelated transactions. The
first is the buying of all outstanding shares of a publicly traded company by a
single entity, making the company privately owned. This is often described
as private equity. The second is a demutalisation of a mutual
organisation or cooperative to form a joint-stock company.
2/12/2015Anuj Gupta, Amity School of Business, Amity University 6
7. Globalisation
Economic globalization is the increasing economic integration and
interdependence of national, regional and local economies across the world
through an intensification of cross-border movement of goods, services,
technologies and capital. Whereas globalisation is a broad set of processes
concerning multiple networks of economic, political and cultural interchange,
contemporary economic globalization is propelled by the rapid growing
significance of information in all types of productive activities and
marketization, and by developments in science and technology.
Economic globalization primarily comprises the globalization of production
and finance, markets and technology, organizational regimes and institutions,
corporations and labour.
2/12/2015Anuj Gupta, Amity School of Business, Amity University 7
8. The economic crisis of 1990 forced the government to reconsider its economic
policy to save the country from economic meltdown and to be declared a
defaulter in the international market.
The policy of Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation not only affected
the largely secondary and tertiary sector of the country but also the primary
sector, which comprised mainly of the agricultural sector and other agro-
based sectors and industries.
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10. Actual declines in Central government revenue
expenditure on rural development, cuts in particular
subsidies such as on fertilizer in real terms, and an the
overall decline in per capita government expenditure on
rural areas.
Reduction in public investment in agriculture, including in
research and extension.
Very substantial declines in public infrastructure and
energy investments that affect the rural areas, including
in irrigation.
Reduced spread and rising prices of the public distribution
system for food. This had a substantial adverse effect on
rural household food consumption in most parts of the
country.
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11. Financial liberalization measures, including redefining priority
sector lending by banks, which effectively reduced the
availability of rural credit, and thus made farm investment
more expensive and more difficult, especially for smaller
farmers.
Liberalization and removal of restrictions on internal trade in
agricultural commodities, across states within India.
Liberalization of external trade, first through lifting
restrictions on exports of agricultural goods, and then by
shifting from quantitative restrictions to tariffs on imports of
agricultural commodities.
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13. Agricultural sector is the mainstay of the rural Indian economy around which
socio-economic privileges and deprivations revolve, and any change in its
structure is likely to have a corresponding impact on the existing pattern of
social equality. No strategy of economic reform can succeed without sustained
and broad based agricultural development, which is critical for
raising living standards,
alleviating poverty,
assuring food security,
generating buoyant market for expansion of industry and services, and
making substantial contribution to the national economic growth.
As such, the economic reforms of 1991 had a large impact on the Indian
agricultural sector.
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14. The neo-liberal and North-centric economic reforms have already devastatingly
impacted on the Indian people and society. The new economic policies in India have
directly brought about a serious crisis in Indian agriculture.
Agricultural growth declined from 3.4% in the 1980s to 3% in the 1990s. What is
significant is that in the post-reforms period it declined from 4.7% of the 8th plan
period to 1.8% in the 9th plan period.
The regulated markets for distribution of seeds were handed to private sector. This led
to a substantial increase in the price of seeds and also an increase in the selling of
spurious seeds.
Poor peasants continued to remain outside the fold of the banking system in the post-
reform period. In fact the growth rate of agricultural credit for small and marginal
farmers declined in the 1990s as compared with the 1980s.
As a result of accumulating debts on small farmers, which drove them into a debt trap,
many of them of them committed suicide, with 221 deaths reported in the state of
Andhra Pradesh alone in 1993-94, with nationwide deaths of close to 1,000.
The food crop area and non-food crop area in India were 70.34 and 29.66 percent
respectively in 1981-82. By 1998-99 food crops area got reduced to 65.44% and non-
food crops area was enhanced to 34.56%.
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16. Agriculture remains to be one of the largest employer,
especially in the rural India, with more than 70% rural
population and 55% population nationwide involved in
agriculture.
Despite this, the share of agriculture in the GDP of the country
is only 12.6% in 2013-14.
The productivity chart of India is still low as compared to some
other developed nations, considering the fact that more than
60% of total land area is under cultivation.
It remains the largest contributor towards disguised
unemployment in the country.
Despite the agriculture ministry providing a high budget
towards development of irrigation facilities, most farmers still
depend on rainfall for their irrigation needs.
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17. Lack of proper education related to markets and
unorganised markets make farmers susceptible towards
being cheated.
Hoarding, corruption, privatisation and unethical
practices cause a loss to farmers as they are paid less
amount than the MSP, even after strict guidelines from the
government.
Lack of loan facilities from commercial banks makes
farmers take a loan from moneylenders at high rates. This
drives them into a debt trap if they are not able to repay
the loans and is the number one cause of farmer suicides
in the country, with the figure crossing 100,000 in 2013.
The recent Land Acquisition(Amendment) Bill, 2014, has
enabled the government to acquire lands more easily.
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