This document discusses immunization and vaccination. It defines immunization as introducing antigens and antibodies into the body to protect against infection. There are two types of immunization: active and passive. Vaccines produce specific protection against diseases by stimulating antibody production and immune mechanisms. The document then outlines the national immunization schedule in India, listing the various vaccines recommended at different ages to prevent diseases like tuberculosis, polio, pertussis, diphtheria, measles and tetanus. It concludes by describing the roles of nurses in maintaining knowledge, administering vaccines, documenting immunizations and educating patients.
Immunization (either natural or artificial) provides protection to body against foreign antigenic species. Recent developments in this field have lead to the successful treatment of many such health disorders.
Universal Programme Immunization as per World Health Organisation in India with Cold Chain and Vaccine Storage in Overall Health Management for Children under 5 years of age
Immunization (either natural or artificial) provides protection to body against foreign antigenic species. Recent developments in this field have lead to the successful treatment of many such health disorders.
Universal Programme Immunization as per World Health Organisation in India with Cold Chain and Vaccine Storage in Overall Health Management for Children under 5 years of age
Immunization is one of the best public health intervention to prevent morbidity as well as mortality. it also help in prevention of malnutrition in young children.still developing countries are trying hard to make it universal. in india lot of changes have taken place in the immunization schedule and number of newer vaccines have been incorporated. still the awareness as well as acceptability is not universal . this presentation is very basic and will help students as well as teachers. we all have to join hands to make it universal
Immunization is a process of protecting an individual from a disease through introduction of live attenuated, killed or organisms or antibodies in the individual system.
Immunization is the process of protecting an individual by active or passive method.
The immunizing agents are
Vaccines, Immunoglobulins and antisera
Why vaccination?
Prevention of deadly and debilitating diseases.
Keeps child from suffering through a preventable illness.
Less doctor visits
No hospitalization
Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. Immunization helps protect the child from life threatening diseases. It also helps reduce the spread of disease to others. Vaccines stimulate the body’s own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or
disease. Babies are born with some natural immunity which they get from their mother through breast-feeding. This immunity gradually diminishes as the baby's own immune system starts to develop. Immunization is one of the most cost-effective health investments and vaccination does not require any
major lifestyle change. There are two main types of immunization, active immunization and passive immunization.
Both types of immunization prepare the body to fight against certain diseases.
Immunization, or immunisation, is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an infectious agent (known as the immunogen).
immunization of children is essential to prevent childhood illness, morbidity and mortality. immunization or vaccination is the way of protecting child from infectious diseases.
Immunization is one of the best public health intervention to prevent morbidity as well as mortality. it also help in prevention of malnutrition in young children.still developing countries are trying hard to make it universal. in india lot of changes have taken place in the immunization schedule and number of newer vaccines have been incorporated. still the awareness as well as acceptability is not universal . this presentation is very basic and will help students as well as teachers. we all have to join hands to make it universal
Immunization is a process of protecting an individual from a disease through introduction of live attenuated, killed or organisms or antibodies in the individual system.
Immunization is the process of protecting an individual by active or passive method.
The immunizing agents are
Vaccines, Immunoglobulins and antisera
Why vaccination?
Prevention of deadly and debilitating diseases.
Keeps child from suffering through a preventable illness.
Less doctor visits
No hospitalization
Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. Immunization helps protect the child from life threatening diseases. It also helps reduce the spread of disease to others. Vaccines stimulate the body’s own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or
disease. Babies are born with some natural immunity which they get from their mother through breast-feeding. This immunity gradually diminishes as the baby's own immune system starts to develop. Immunization is one of the most cost-effective health investments and vaccination does not require any
major lifestyle change. There are two main types of immunization, active immunization and passive immunization.
Both types of immunization prepare the body to fight against certain diseases.
Immunization, or immunisation, is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an infectious agent (known as the immunogen).
immunization of children is essential to prevent childhood illness, morbidity and mortality. immunization or vaccination is the way of protecting child from infectious diseases.
THIS SLIDE IS PREPARED BY SURESH KUMAR FOR MY STUDENT SUPPORT SYSTEM TO WATCH THIS VIDEO VISIT YOUTUBE CHANNEL- Important links-
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Continents
Definitions
EPI
Current EPI Schedule
Different EPI Vaccines
Cold Chain
Non-EPI vaccines
Immunization
It is process where by a person is made immune or resistant to an infection, typically by administration of vaccine
It is proven tool for controlling and elimination life-threatening infectious.
Types of immunity
Innate or natural Immunity
Immunity with birth
Acquired Immunity
Develops during life time
Acquired naturally or artificially
Vaccine
A vaccine is a non- pathogenic antigen that mimics a particular pathogen in order to elicit an immune response as if that actual pathogen were in the body
Types
Live, attenuated Vaccine
Inactive Vaccine
Whole cell vaccine
Protein based: Toxoid, subunit
Polysaccharide based: Conjugate, pure
EPI: Extended Program of Immunization
EPI was established in 1974.
Built on success of the global smallpox eradication
It ensures that all children in worldwide benefited from life saving vaccines.
AIM
It focuses on following items
Standard Immunization Schedule
Supplemental immunization activities
Disease survillance
Mopping up
Promoting safe injection techniques
Improving the stocking and availability of vaccines
Protecting vaccines’ potency through cold chain management
To prepare for introduction of new vaccines
Objectives
To increase coverage of immunization for eligible children
To reduce incidence of immunizable diseases among children below five years of age
Eradication of polio, measles, neonatal tetanus, diphtheria
Reduce incidence of hepatitis B, whooping cough, bacterial meningitis
Prevention of severe forms of TB
This PowerPoint presentation is the second in a series of six that are part of a webinar series on Ewe and Doe Management from late gestation through weaning.
Universal Immunization Programme (UIP), started in India in 1985.
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare provides several vaccines to infants, children & pregnant women through UIP.
Immunization is a process through which a person is made immune to an infectious disease.
Vaccines work by boosting the defence system of your body.
They protect your body from infection without letting you suffer any symptoms related to that particular disease.
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The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
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Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
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One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
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2. Introduction
“The word immunity means to be protect or resistant
against infection”
Immunization is a process of protecting an individual
from a diseases through introduction of live, killed, or
attenuated organism in the individual system.
Immunization against vaccine preventable disease is
essential to reduce the child mortality, morbidity and
handicapped.
3. definition
Immunization is an strategies where in antigen and
antibody are introduced or injected into the body to
protect it against of infection.
6. WHAT IS VACCINE
Vaccine are immune-biological substance which
produce specific protection against a give disease.
It stimulate active production of protective
antibody and other immune mechanism.
vaccines are prepared from live attenuated
organism and killed attenuated vaccines.
18. NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE
VACCINE WHEN TO
GIVE
DOSE ROUTE SITE
For pregnant
women
TT1 Early in
pregnancy
0.5ml Intramuscular Upper arm
TT2 4weeks after
TT,1
0.5ml IM. Upper arm
TT booster If received 2TT
dose in
pregnancy
with in last
3year.
0.5ml IM Upper arm
19. CONT…
For infant
BCG At birth or
early as
possible till
one years of
age
0.1ml (0.05ml
unit 1 month
age)
Intradermal Left upper
Hepatitis-B At birth or as
early as
possible with
in 24 hours
0.5ml IM Antero -
side of mid
thigh
OPN-O At birth or
early as
possible with
in first 15 days
2drops Oral Oral
20. CONTI….
OPV 1,2,3 At 6 weeks
10 weeks
14 weeks
2 drops Oral Oral
DPT 1,2 and 3 At 6 weeks
10 weeks
14 weeks
0.5 ml IM Antero- lateral
side of mid thigh
Hepatitis-B
1,2 and 3
At 6 weeks
10 weeks
14 weeks
0.5 ml IM Antero- lateral
side of mid thigh
Measles 9 completed
month-12 month
(give up to 5
if not received at
9-12 month of
0.5 ml subcutaneous Right upper arm
Vitamin-A (1st
dose)
At 9 month with
measles
1 ml Oral Oral
21. CONT….
For children
DPT Booster 16-24 months 0.5ml IM Antero- lateral
side of mid
thigh
OPV booster 16-24 month 2 Drops Oral Oral
Measles(2nd
dose)
16-24 month 0.5ml Subcutaneous Right upper
arm
Japanese
encephalitis
16-24 month
with DPT /
Booster
0.5ml Subcutaneous Left upper arm
25. NURSING ROLES
Maintain current knowledge.
Assess current immunization.
Be skilled in vaccine administration.
Discuss immunization clinics.
Ensure long-term tracking.
Keep documentation.
Discuss follow-up care.
26. CONT..
Contact centers for disease control.
Educate parents about local and systemic; allergic
reactions.
Address unique concerns of each family.
