Downloaded 10 times
More Related Content
More from Tanoj Patidar
Fracture
- 1.
- 2. DEFINITION A FRACTURE ISA COMPLETE OR INCOMPLETE BREAK IN A BONE RESULTING FROM THE APPLICATION OF EXCESSIVE FORCE.
- 3. TYPES: 1. AVULSION FRACTURE AMUSCLE OR LIGAMENT PULLS ON THE BONE, FRACTURING IT.
- 4. 2. COMMINUTED FRACTURE THEBONE IS SHATTERED INTO MANY PIECES
- 5. 3. COMPRESSION (CRUSH) FRACTURE GENERALLYOCCURS IN THE SPONGY BONE IN THE SPINE. FOR EXAMPLE, THE FRONT PORTION OF A VERTEBRA IN THE SPINE MAY COLLAPSE DUE TO OSTEOPOROSIS.
- 6. 4. FRACTURE DISLOCATION AJOINT BECOME DISLOCATED, AND ONE OF THE BONES OF THE JOINT HAS A FRACTURE.
- 7. 5. GREENSTICK FRACTURE THEBONE PARTLY FRACTURE ON ONE SIDE, BUT DOES NOT BREAK COMPLETELY BECAUSE THE REST OF THE BONE CAN BEND. THIS IS MORE COMMON AMONG CHILDREN, WHOSE BONE ARE SOFTER AND MORE ELASTIC.
- 8. 6. HAIRLINE FRACTURE APARTIAL FRACTURE OF THE BONE. SOMETIMES THIS TYPE OF FRACTURE IS HARDER TO DETECT WITH ROUTINE X-RAY.
- 9. 7. IMPACTED FRACTURE WHENTHE BONE IS FRACTURED ONE FRAGMENT OF ONE GOES INTO ANOTHER.
- 10. 8. INTRAARTICULAR FRACTURE WHERETHE BREAK EXTENDS INTO THE SURFACE OF A JOINT.
- 11. 9. LONGITUDINAL FRACTURE THEBREAK IS ALONG THE LENGTH OF THE BONE.
- 12. 10. OBLIQUE FRACTURE AFRACTURE THAT IS DIAGONAL TO A BONE LONG AXIS.
- 13. 11. PATHOLOGICAL FRACTURE WHENAN UNDERLYING DISEASE OR CONDITION HAS ALREADY WEAKENED THE BONE, RESULTING IN A FRACTURE.
- 14. 12. SPIRAL FRACTURE ASPIRAL FRACTURE WHERE AT LEAST ONE PART OF THE BONE HAS BEEN TWISTED.
- 15. 13. STRESS FRACTURE MORECOMMON AMONG ATHLETES. A BONE BREAKS BECAUSE OF REPEATED STRESSES AND STRAINS.
- 16. 14. TORUS (BUCKLE) FRACTURE BONEDEFORMS BUT DOES NOT CRACK. MORE COMMON IN CHILDREN. IT IS PAINFUL BUT STABLE.
- 17. 15. TRANSVERSE FRACTURE ASTRAIGHT BREAK RIGHT ACROSS A BONE.
- 18. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS PAIN SWELLING BRUISING DISCOLORED SKIN AROUND THE AFFECTED AREA. AMBULATION - THE AFFECTED AREA MAY BE BENT AT AN UNUSUAL ANGLE. THE PATIENT IS UNABLE TO PUT WEIGHT ON THE INJURED AREA. THE AFFECTED BONE OR JOINT MAY HAVE A GRATING SENATIONAL. IF IT IS AN OPEN FRACTURE, THERE MAY BE BLEEDING. WHEN A LARGE BONE IS AFFECTED, SUCH AS THE PELVIS OR FEMUR. THE SUFFERER MAY LOOK PALE AND CLAMMY. THERE MAY BE DIZZINESS. FEELING OF SICKNESS AND NAUSEA.
- 19. treatment IMMOBILIZATION: THE ASSOON AS THE BONES ARE ALIGNED WHILE THEY HEAL THIS IS INCLUDE: A. PLASTER CAST OR PLASTIC FUNCTIONAL BBRACES-THESE HOLD BONE IN POSITION UNTIL IT HAS HEALED. B. METAL PLATES AND SCREWS -CURRENT PROCEDURE MAY USE MINIMALLY INVASIVE TECHNIQUES.
- 20. Cont.... C. INTRA MEDULLARYNAILS- INTERNAL METAL RODS ARE PLACED DOWN THE CENTER OF LONG BONES FLEXIBLE WIRES MAY BE USED IN CHILDREN. D. EXTERNAL FIXATORS- THESE MAY BE MADE OF METAL OR CARBON FIBER, THEY HAVE STEEL PINS THAT GO INTO THE BONE DIRECTLY THROUGH THE SKIN. THEY ARE A TYPE OF SCAFFOLDING OUTSIDE THE BODY.
- 21. Cont.... HEALING : IFA BROKEN BONE HAS BEEN ALIGNED PROPERLY AND KEPT IMMOBILE, THE HEALING PROCESS IS USUALLY STRAIGHT FORWARD. PHYSICAL THERAPY : AFTER THE BONE HAS HEALED, IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO RESTORE MUSCLE STRENGTH AS WELL AS MOBILITY TO THE AFFECTED AREA. IF THE FRACTURE OCCURRED NEAR OR THROUGH A JOINT, THERE IS A RISK OF PERMANENT STIFFNESS OR ARTHRITIS THE INDIVIDUAL MAY NOT BE ABLE TO BEND THAT JOINT AS WELL AS BEFORE.
- 22. Cont.... SURGERY : IFTHERE WAS DAMAGE TO THE SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE AROUND AFFECTED BONE OR JOINT, PLASTIC SURGERY MAY BE REQUIRED.
- 23. Complications • HEALS INTHE WRONG POSITION. • DISRUPTION OF BONE GROWTH. • PERSISTENT BONE OR BONE MARROW INFECTION. • BONE DEATH(A VASCULAR NECROSIS).
- 24. Prevention 1. NUTRITION ANDSUNLIGHT 2. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 3. MENOPAUSE
- 25.