2. objectives
at the end of this session the student will be to
• a) identify the different types of immunization.
• b) describe routine vaccine schedule .
• c) identify equipment needed vaccine administration.
• d) discuss common side effects of different vaccine.
• e) identify nurse role for different side effect of vaccine
• f) identify the proper storage and transportation of vaccine.
• g) list the causes of damaging vaccine.
• h) List the contraindication to child immunization .
3. Immunity
immunity is resistance that an individual has against
disease , antigens , substances that induce the formation
of antibodies in the dody react with antibodies, producing
immunity .
4.
5. Definition
• it is a trial to prevent or to modify natural infections
either actively or passively by administration of antigen
or an antibody
purpose
• it is aim to build up resistance in the child against
certain infectious disease.
6. :Type Of vaccines
•live vaccines:
•Only small pox vaccine.
B. live attenuated vaccine:
Prepared after attenuation of living organism.
•oral polio vaccine " against poliomyelitis.
B.C.G against T.b .
•Measles & mumps vaccine .
7. C. Killed vaccine " in activated vaccine
"
Organism Killed by heat or chemical :
Salk vaccine against poliomyelitis.
Hepatitis B vaccine.
Pertussis vaccine against "whooping cough"
D . toxoids:
Prepared from exotoxins produced by certain organism
after destruction of their toxic effect with preservation
of their antigenicity
diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid
E. combined or mixed vaccine:
D. P.T"diphtheria pertussis & tetans"
M.M.R"meales ,mumps & rublla"
8. Immunization schedule
Age Vaccine Dose Route
0_3months BCG(TB vaccine)polio 0.05ml
2_3drops
Intradermal in the left upper arm
on the tongue
4months
6 months
Polio
DPT vaccine
Hepatitis B vaccine
2_3 drops
0.5 ml
0.5ml
On the tong
9 months Oral polio
Capsule of vit A
2 drops
Vit A
capsule
On the tongue
Oral
12months Meales
Polio
0.5 ml
2 drops
Subcutaneous in the right arm
On the tongue
18_24months Booster DPT
Polio
MMR
0.5 ml
2_3 ml
0.5 ml
Ltra muscular in the
Left thigh
Sc in the right arm
School entry
Age(5_6years)
BCG
DT
Polio Drops
0_1 ml
0_3 ml
2_3 drops
Intradermal
Deep l.m
Oral
9.
10.
11. BCG
Protects against T. B
It is given intradermal.
Type: live attenuated
Dose : 0.05_0.1
Time : before three months
It can be given at the end f the first year after T.B testing
Reaction to vaccine: Hypersensitivity reaction
Nursing care:
Instruct mother that it is normal and do not put any
antibiotics
Apply dray gauze on it
Tell her if scare not present vaccination must repeated after
three months
12. Polio vaccine:
Polio is a disease caused by virus, it enters body through
months.
Some times it causes paralysis and can lead to death.
Reaction : no reaction to vaccine
Nursing action: only take history to determine if child is
immunosuppressed as oral polio vaccine (OPV)is
contraindicated in this case.
13. :Types
There are two types of polio vaccine:
Sabin vaccine Salk vaccine
Type of vaccine Live attenuated(type 1,2,3)
Vaccine is a clear pink
Or pale orange liquid.
Killed (type 1,2,3)
Rote of administration Oral drops IM injection
Time of administration 2,4,6,9 months 3,4,11 months
Immunity More Less
Complication Absent Less fever may be
Paralysis
Technique Easy Difficult
Cost Cheep More expensive
Local intestinal +ve -ve
14. DPT:
Diphtheria and vaccine are toxoid, while vaccine is
killed organism these combination are used to
decrease the number of the injection and also to
increase the immune response by adjuvant effected.
Reaction of vaccine:
Fever
Local ulcer
Abscess
Convulsion and shook
15. Measles vaccination:
Advantages of meales vaccination over natural meals:
√ Vaccine is given atleisure while natural meales attacks
malnourished sick infants.
√ Fever and other manifestations are milden in contras
to the sever manifestation of the natural disease
√ No convalescent period
√ No spread of infection to other
√ Incidence of complication is less
16. Reaction to vaccine :
Fever , rash , joint pain
Nursing action :
Give antipyretic medication
Assurance
Contra indication :
Immunosuppressed
Children with a history of seizures
M.Mr : Avaccine aginst measles , mumps , and rubella .
it is given S.C at the age of ( 18-24 ) months .
17. Hepatitis B vaccine :
There are two types.
Plasma derived vaccine .
Recombinant hepatitis B virus vaccine .
Side effect :
Hepatitis B is very safe vaccine most people don't have
any problem with it
Soreness where the shot wase given .
Increase body temperature
Allergic reaction .
18. Contra indications to child immunization :
There are almost no contra indication to vaccination
It is safe to immunize children even if they are moderately ill
If you delay vaccination due to mild illness , may children
will contact the target disease
Children with mild illness should be immunized as usual
Children is malnutrition can develop good immunity , so they
are immunized as usually
19. Child and family education : home care considerations
Alter the family to the potential side effect of immunization:
1- Fever
2- Local irritation
3- Rash
4- Sterile abscesses at injection site
5- Seizures
6- Anaphylaxis shock
7- Encephalopathy ( 3-15 day after injection )
Provide a written record of the immunization and have the
family bring the record to future health visit so it can be up
date Cold chain system.
Is a system for distributing vaccine in a potent state from the
manufacturer to actual vaccination site .
20. Component of cold chain system :
1- People to manage cold chain system
2- Equipment to store and transport vaccine
Equipment :
1- Refrigerator
2- Cold box
3- Ice packs
4- Vaccine carriers
21. Place of the refrigerator should be :
1- Not exposed to sun light.
2- Well ventilated room.
3- 10 – 15 cm away from the wall.
Instruction about vaccine storage :
1- Do not put vaccine in the refrigator until temp reaches +8c.
2- Place polio and measles vaccine on the first shelf under
freezer and the rest of vaccines ( DPT , DT , TT , BGG ) Are kept
at the second shelf .
3- Vaccine sould not be kept in the door compartment . The
door is too warm.
4- Do not put vaccines in the freezer as it may freeze .
22. Cold box :
Transfer large quantities of vaccine from place to place
Carry vaccine from several days
Vaccine carriers :
Transfer small quantities of vaccine from place
Carry vaccine from one day
Causes of damaging vaccine :
1- Exceed expired date
2- Heat and sun light can damage vaccine
3- Freezing damage killed vaccine
