The document discusses key terms related to immunization and vaccination. It defines terms like immunization, vaccine, vaccination, full immunization, partial immunization, non-immunization, ring immunization, and herd immunity. It also summarizes milestones in immunization in India and provides vaccination charts detailing the various vaccines recommended at different ages. Barriers to immunization like physical barriers and psychological barriers are highlighted. Reasons for low immunization coverage like failures to provide immunization, dropouts, and unreached populations are discussed.
Immunization, or immunisation, is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an infectious agent (known as the immunogen).
Immunization is one of the best public health intervention to prevent morbidity as well as mortality. it also help in prevention of malnutrition in young children.still developing countries are trying hard to make it universal. in india lot of changes have taken place in the immunization schedule and number of newer vaccines have been incorporated. still the awareness as well as acceptability is not universal . this presentation is very basic and will help students as well as teachers. we all have to join hands to make it universal
Immunization is a process of protecting an individual from a disease through introduction of live attenuated, killed or organisms or antibodies in the individual system.
Immunization is the process of protecting an individual by active or passive method.
The immunizing agents are
Vaccines, Immunoglobulins and antisera
Why vaccination?
Prevention of deadly and debilitating diseases.
Keeps child from suffering through a preventable illness.
Less doctor visits
No hospitalization
Immunization, or immunisation, is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an infectious agent (known as the immunogen).
Immunization is one of the best public health intervention to prevent morbidity as well as mortality. it also help in prevention of malnutrition in young children.still developing countries are trying hard to make it universal. in india lot of changes have taken place in the immunization schedule and number of newer vaccines have been incorporated. still the awareness as well as acceptability is not universal . this presentation is very basic and will help students as well as teachers. we all have to join hands to make it universal
Immunization is a process of protecting an individual from a disease through introduction of live attenuated, killed or organisms or antibodies in the individual system.
Immunization is the process of protecting an individual by active or passive method.
The immunizing agents are
Vaccines, Immunoglobulins and antisera
Why vaccination?
Prevention of deadly and debilitating diseases.
Keeps child from suffering through a preventable illness.
Less doctor visits
No hospitalization
This slides contain description about breast feeding, anatomy of breast, types of human milk, good position for latching, holding for the baby, advantages of breast feeding, contraindication of breast feeding, barriers and problems associated with breast feeding with their management
immunization of children is essential to prevent childhood illness, morbidity and mortality. immunization or vaccination is the way of protecting child from infectious diseases.
Unit -I : Community Health IntroductionSMVDCoN ,J&K
Special field of nursing that combines the skill of nursing, public health and same phase of social assistance and function as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the condition in the social & physical environment, rehabilitation of illness & Disability.
National health programs are one of the measures taken by the government of India to improve the health status of the people.National health Programs useful to controlling or eradicating diseases which cause considerable morbidity and mortality in India
which are either centrally sponsored
This slides contain description about breast feeding, anatomy of breast, types of human milk, good position for latching, holding for the baby, advantages of breast feeding, contraindication of breast feeding, barriers and problems associated with breast feeding with their management
immunization of children is essential to prevent childhood illness, morbidity and mortality. immunization or vaccination is the way of protecting child from infectious diseases.
Unit -I : Community Health IntroductionSMVDCoN ,J&K
Special field of nursing that combines the skill of nursing, public health and same phase of social assistance and function as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the condition in the social & physical environment, rehabilitation of illness & Disability.
National health programs are one of the measures taken by the government of India to improve the health status of the people.National health Programs useful to controlling or eradicating diseases which cause considerable morbidity and mortality in India
which are either centrally sponsored
Expanded Program of Immunization.
Objectives are:
To learn about EPI and the current situation of EPI in Pakistan
To understand the mechanism of the Cold Chain and the maintenance of vaccines
Immunization is single most important step towards control and elimination of infectious disease.
With regards to epidemiology and population demographics, various changes are made from time to time in Immunization Schedule of the National Health Programme.
This slide show encompasses the recent changes made by National Health Commission with regards to Immunization Schedule.
Overview of vaccine and vaccination, types of vaccines with examples, vaccine production technique, adverse effects of vaccination, precautions
Email: jeevan@smail.nchu.edu.tw
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Telegram: bmksupplier
signal: +85264872720
threema: TUD4A6YC
You can contact me on Telegram or Threema
Communicate promptly and reply
Free of customs clearance, Double Clearance 100% pass delivery to USA, Canada, Spain, Germany, Netherland, Poland, Italy, Sweden, UK, Czech Republic, Australia, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.Door to door service
Hot Selling Organic intermediates
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
2. A popular term of the continuous maintenance of low
temperature required for biologicals from the time of
manufacture to shipping, warehousing, and storing
before administration.
OR
The maintenance of refrigeration of items from the point of
their origin at the manufacturer, through their
transportation, unloading, distribution, and cold
storage at the site where they will be used.
3. WHY IMMUNIZATION ?
Key strategy to child survival.
Protecting infants from diseases.
Lower morbidity and mortality rates
in children.
Indicator of a strong primary health
care system.
4. IMMUNIZATION: COMMON TERMS
IMMUNIZATION
Process Of inducing immunity by stimulating
immune system through antigens.
OR
The fact or process of becoming, as against a
disease.
IMMUNITY
Resistance of a host to a specific agent
OR
Immunity means exemption or resistance
5. CONTI…
VACCINE
Any preparation of a weakened or killed
bacteria or viruses introduced into the body
to prevent a disease by stimulating
antibodies against it.
VACCINATION
Administration of antigenic material(the
vaccine) to produce immunity to a disease.
6. CONTI…
FULL IMMUNIZATION:
Beneficiary child(12-23 months) -3 doses of DPT
and OPV each, 1 dose of BCG & measles each.
Mother- two dose or 1 booster dose of tetanus
toxoid during her pregnancy.
PARTIAL IMMUNIZATION
Child-missed any vaccine or one or more dose
Mother- received just one dose of primary tetanus
toxoid during last pregnancy
7. CONTI…
NON-IMMUNIZATION
Child and/or mother –not received a single dose of
vaccine.
RING-IMMUNIZATION
Vaccination of people in close contact with an
isolated infected patient
MOP-UP ROUNDS
When the final pockets of polio virus transmission
have been identified standard surveillance, door
to door immunization in high-risk districts.
8. CONTI….
CATCH UP ROUND
Additional effort besides routine immunization
to cover left outs.
HERD IMMUNITY
Resistance to spread of infectious disease in a
group because of few susceptible members,
making transmission unlikely.
The immunological status of a population,
determined by the ratio of resistant to
susceptible members and their distribution.
9. MILESTONES IN IMMUNIZATION IN INDIA
1978: EPI
1985: UIP, measles vaccine added
1986: Technology mission
1990: Vitamin A
1992: CSSM
1995: Polio National Immunization days
1997: RCH-I
2005: RCH-II and NRHM
10.
11.
12. VACCINATION CHART
Sr. No. Time Vaccine Dose Route
1 At Birth BCG, single dose(m)
Hep-B 1st
dose(m)
OPV, 0 dose(m)
HPV, single dose(o) (Only for girls)
0.5ml
0.5ml
2 drops
0.5ml
I/D
I/M
PO
I/M
2 6 week
(1.5 months)
Hep-B 2nd
dose(m)
OPV 1st
dose(m)
DPT 1st
dose(m)
HIB 1st
dose(o)
Pneumococcal 1st
dose(o)
0.5ml
2 drops
0.5ml
0.5ml
0.5ml
I/M
PO
I/M
I/M
I/M
3 10 week
(2.5months)
Hep-B 3rd
dose(m)
OPV 2nd
dose(m)
DPT 2nd
dose()m
HIB 2nd
dose(o)
Pneumococcal 2nd
dose(o)
IPV 1st
dose (o)
0.5ml
2 drops
0.5ml
0.5ml
0.5ml
0.5ml
I/M
PO
I/M
I/M
I/M
I/M
4 14 week OPV 3rd
dose (m)
DPT 3rd
dose (m)
HIB 3rd
dose(o)
Pneumococcal 3rd
dose(o)
IPV 2nd
dose (o)
2 drops
0.5ml
0.5ml
0.5ml
0.5ml
PO
I/M
I/M
I/M
I/M
5 6 months Hep-B booster(m)
Rotavirus single dose(o)
Influenza (o)
0.5ml
0.5ml
0.5ml
I/M
I/M
I/M
6 9 months Measles (m) 0.5ml S/C
7 12 month(one year) Varicella (m) 0.5ml I/M
8 15 months
(1 year 3 months)
MMR(m)
Pneunococcal booster(o)
IPV 3rd
dose(o
0.5ml
0.5ml
0.5ml
I/M
I/M
I/M
9 16-24 months Vitamin-A (m) 1 spoon PO
10 18 months(1 rear 6 months) OPV booster 1st
dose (m)
DPT booster (m)
Hib booster(o)
2 drops
0.5ml
0.5ml
PO
I/M
I/M
11 2 year Typhoid (m)
Hep-A, single dose
0.5ml
0.5ml
I/M
I/M
12 24-30 months Vitamin-A 1 spoon PO
13 30-36 months Vitamin-A 1 spoon PO
14 48 months(4 year) MMR (m) 0.5ml I/M
15 60 months(5 year) OPV booster 2nd
dose
DPT
2 drops
0.5ml
PO
I/M
16 adult vaccines
Influvac once every year for
adult of any age
Influenza/flu Vaccine 0.5ml I/M
17 one booter dose every 10
year
DPT 0.5ml I/M
HPV VACCINE for women aged 19 to 26 who did not get vaccinated with HPV during childhood.
IMPORTANCE
HPV also prevent throat cancer often caused by oral sex.
13. BARRIERS TO IMMUNIZATION
PHYSICAL BARRIERS
-Waiting time
-Distance
-Discomfort
PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
-Discourtesy
-Endangered privacy
14. REASONS FOR LOW IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE
FAILURE TO PROVIDE IMMUNIZATION
DROOUTS
UN-REACHED POPULATION:
Unawareness
Socio-economic barriers
Geographic area
Resistant population
Missed opportunities
Improper logistics management
15. WHAT SHOULD NOT HOLD ROUTINE
IMMUNIZATION
Minor illnesses such as upper respiratory
infections or diarrhoea, mild fever(>38.5 c)
Allergy, asthma
Prematurity, underweight newborn child
Malnutrition
Child being breastfed
Family history of convulsions
Treatment with antibiotics
Chronic disease of heart, lung, kidney and liver
History of jaundice after birth
16. COLD CHAIN
A system of transporting and storing
vaccines at recommended
temperature from the point of
manufacture to the point of use.