Immune response to any pathogen, how an organism is initially tackled by the immune system, what makes the immune system to fail to combat various infections, what are the escaping mechanisms
Immune response to any pathogen, how an organism is initially tackled by the immune system, what makes the immune system to fail to combat various infections, what are the escaping mechanisms
Describes the complement system components and their activation pathways, the regulation of the complement
system, the effector functions of various complement components,
and the consequences of deficiencies in them.
As a periodontist, I have included the basics of immunity from the periodontist point of view that will help in understanding the immunological basis of periodontal disease...
A brief covering basics of immunity understanding and also allowing students to understand with ease the concepts of innate immunity, adaptive immunity, Tcell, Bcell, MHC molecular genetics, and also cytokines and also its role in various disease.
This is a powerpoint presentation on the Topic of Diseases of the immune system, part 1 - Chapter 6, based on Robbin's textbook of pathology. Prepared by Dr. Ashish Jawarkar, who is Assistant professor at Parul institute of medical sciences and research, Vadodara. Please subscribe to our youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwjkzK-YnJ-ra4HMOqq3Fkw . Our facebook page: facebook.com/pathologybasics. Instagram handle @pathologybasics
introduction of adaptive immunity. classification of adaptive immunity, factor affecting it and mechanism of adaptive immunity comparison between adaptive immunity and innate immunity. characteristic of adaptive immunity . cell mediated immune responses immunoglobulins
types of immunoglobulins. functions of immunoglobulins, hypersensitivity reactions
Evaluation and importance of innate & adaptive immunity Dr. ihsan edan ab...dr.Ihsan alsaimary
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Introduction
History
Types of immunity
Tissues of immunity
Cells of immunity
Basic aspects of immunology
Major histocompatibility complex
Cytokines
Disorders of immune system
Immune responses in periodontal pathogenesis
Periodontal vaccine
Host modulation
Conclusion
References
Describes the basic properties and mechanisms of T cells and B cells in maintaining Immune Response against foreign antigens or infections and covers the UG and PG portion of immunology.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
11. IFN-1
Type 1 Interferons are group of
interferon proteins
Act against viral infection
Functions:
Inhibit hiv replication
Decrease hiv infection in macrophage
RNA degradation
Viral infected cell apoptosis
• INF pDS killer pDS
infected cells killed
13. Role of Dendritic cells
• Dendritic cells- antigen presenting cells
that activates the T-lympocytes
produce INF-1
indoleamin(2,3)dioxygenase
tryptophan catabolism
viral replication inhibited
14. Produce inflammatory cytokine & lyse
the infected cells
Activation receptor:
KIR3DS1,NCRs, NKG 2D
Recognize MHC-1
Kills the infected cells
cDCs IL-12,18 NK cell IFN γ TH1
NK cell DCs CTL response
Role of Natural Killer cells
15. Role of Macrophage
Terminal differentiated, non dividing
cells
Derived from circulating monocyte
Macrophage
MHC-11 MHC-1
T-helper cell Tc cells
activated activated
16. Produce IL-10, IL-27, TGF-beta,
MCSF
Monocyte to Macrophage
differantiation
IL-27
anti HIV
17. Role of Complement system
First-line defender against foreign
pathogens
Classical pathway involved
antibody to envelope
C1q activation
• No Alternative pathway
18. what about lectin pathway??
Lectin pathway occur
Need Mannose Binding Lectin(MBL)
for recognition
But, there is no MBL on HIV.
Then, HOW LECTIN PAHWAY occur?
Answer:
Serum MBL binds on gp120, activates
the lectin pathway
19. Role of Granulocyte
Basophil activated by IgE
releases IL-2 Th2 response occur
Neutrophil express (PD-L1)
Tcell affected negative regulation
Eosinophil
Eosinophilia occur in HIV patients =?
during HIV Th1 response shifted to
Th2 response by IL-4, IL-5. so,
Eosinophil count increases
20. ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
Host defenses that are mediated by B
cells and T cells following exposure
to antigen and that exhibit specificity,
diversity, memory, and self-non self
discrimination
3 responses involved:
Neutralizing antibody
T-Helper cell response
CTL response
21. Neutralizing Antibodies
Antibodies that bind to pathogen and
prevent it from infecting cells
Block entry of toxin into cell
Target the gp 120 of the HIV
viral transmission stopped
It block transmission of HIV into fetus
Makes HIV as LTNPs- Long Term Non
Progressor
22.
23. Question
HIV changes it’s structure by changing
conformation of gp120, glycosylation
of envelope protein.
If HIV changes it’s structure, how does
the ELISA identification possible???
Answer:
Non Neutralizing antibodies also
produced,. It used in ELISA detection
24. T helper cell response
T helper cells are type T lymphocytes
which recognize MHC11
Produce cytokine that activate
immune cells
Release IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12,
IL-13, TNF –γ
It responsible for the inflammation &
blocking of HIV replication
25. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte
Recognize MHC-1 and lyse the
infected cells
HIV infected cell
MHC-1 Expression
cell lysed
27. Mucosal….
is a lining of mostly endodermal origin. It
consists epithelium , lamina propria
The membranes line present in skin: at
the nostrils, the lips of the mouth,
the eyelids, the ears the genital area,
and the anus.
In the female, the glans clitoridis and
the clitoral hood, and in the male,
the glans penis (the head of the penis)
and the inner layer of the foreskin all
have a mucous membrane.
28. Mucosal Immunity: Innate
level
Epithelial cells & neutrophils produce
antimicrobial peptides
Lysozyme, lactoferin, defensin
disturb
receptors of hiv binding
cells
HIV entry
HIV-1 repelled blocked
29. Mucosal Immunity : Adaptive
level
DCs 1st infected by HIV
bind to DC-SIGN
move to
Lymph node infected cell killed
Vagina & cervix CD4+,CD8+ cells
destroy infected cell
30. Why there is no cure for HIV?
It targets T lymphocytes. So all the
immune activation stopped.
If immune activated, it will kills the T
cells, due to of HIV in it.
Main hero's of immune cells as
MACROPHAGE, WBCs get infected
No immunological Memory formed.
HIV changes it’s structure.