2. Allergy & Immunology
Why understanding immunology is fundamental?
Because its to o under- standing the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of many diseases.
3. INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
IMMUNOGLOBULINS
CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
DEVELOPMENT OF ALLERGY
Allergy & Immunology
4.
5. Innate Immunity
2
1 Is the fist line of defense against foreign substances:
• The sinonasal barrier comprises ciliated epithelial cells, sub-
epithelial glands, goblet cells, and the mucus blanket.
• Nasal glandular products such as lactofer- rin, defensins, and
lysozyme
• The cells associated with innate immunity include neu- trophils,
monocytes, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and dendritic
cells (DCs)
With the help of the complement system, NK cell activation,
and TLR activation.
Physical barriers, receptors and
antimicrobial compounds
6. Innate Immunity
3
• Activated by presence of microbes and infection
• They use pattern recognition receptoiS (PRRs)
• Activate coagula- tion and complement cascades,
• There are several classes of PRRs: Toll-like receptors
(TI.Rs), RIG-I-Iike receptors, Nod-like receptoiS, and C-type
lectin receptors
The cells associated with innate immunity
4 • The PAMPs signal the adaptive immune system to develop memory
and subsequent longer-lasting immune responses.
• Recognition of the various PAMPs by TI.Rs on the surface of
monocytes, macrophages, DCs, and mast cells initiates inflammatory
responses, which induce cytokine signaling that can be Th1 or Th2
Pathogen-associated molecular pat- terns (PAMPs)
10. Adaptive Immunity
2 Most activated T cells function as effector cells and later undergo
apoptosis. Some of them, differentiate and persist in the host for
many years to provide rapid protection on subsequent antigen
exposure by which certain subsets of T cells become memory cells
1
Is the specific immune response.
• The adaptive immune system recognizes specific
antigens that are processed and presented by antigen-
presenting cells in the context of MHC receptors.
• TCR receptors on the T cell associate with the CD3
receptor resulting in the formation of either CD4+ or CDS+
T cells. Activation of T-helper (Th) cells allows the
secretion of many cytokines and mediators which, in turn,
activate effector cells such as macrophages.
Capability of memory
11. Cells Of The Immune System
https://www.novusbio.com/node/29076/resea
rch-areas/immunology/adaptive-immunity
12. Cells Of The Immune System
https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/23-1-innate-immune-response/
13. Cells Of The Immune System
https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/23-1-innate-immune-response/
