The Hill cipher algorithm is one of the symmetric
key algorithms that have several advantages in data
encryption. But, the inverse of the key matrix used for
encrypting the plaintext does not always exist. Then if the
key matrix is not invertible, then encrypted text cannot be
decrypted. In the Involutory matrix generation method the
key matrix used for the encryption is itself invertible. So, at
the time of decryption we need not to find the inverse of the
key matrix. The objective of this paper is to encrypt an
image using a technique different from the conventional Hill
Cipher. In this paper a novel advanced Hill (AdvHill)
encryption technique has been proposed which uses an
involutory key matrix. The scheme is a fast encryption
scheme which overcomes problems of encrypting the images
with homogeneous background. A comparative study of the
proposed encryption scheme and the existing scheme is
made. The output encrypted images reveal that the
proposed technique is quite reliable and robust.
ENCRYPTION USING LESTER HILL CIPHER ALGORITHMAM Publications
The Hill cipher algorithm is one of the symmetrickey algorithms that have several advantages in data
encryption as well as decryptions. But, the inverse of the key matrix used for encrypting the plaintext does not always
exist. Then if the key matrix is not invertible, then encrypted text cannot be decrypted. In the Involuntary matrix
generation method the key matrix used for the encryption is itself invertible. So, at the time of decryption we need not to
find the inverse of the key matrix. The objective of this paper is to encrypt an text using a technique different from the
conventional Hill Cipher
The matrix in Hill Cipher was designed to perform encryption and decryption. Every column and row must be inserted by integer numbers. But, not any key that can be given to the matrix used for the process. The wrong determinant result cannot be used in the process because it produces the incorrect plaintext when doing the decryption after the encryption. Genetic algorithms offer the optimized way to determine the key used for encryption and decryption on the Hill Cipher. By determining the evaluation function in the genetic algorithm, the key that fits the composition will be obtained. By implementing this algorithm, the search of the key on the Hill Cipher will be easily done without spending too much time. Genetic algorithms do well if it is combined with Hill Cipher.
Combined Implementation of Robust Cryptosystem for Non-invertible Matrices ba...IDES Editor
In this paper, we have combined the Robust
Cryptosystem for Non-invertible matrices based on Hill Cipher
technique with steganography method in order to securely
transmit text message. The steganography method used is LSB
insertion technique. The encryption and steganography
methods are used subsequently along with two randomization
technique: one of XOR the encrypted text and another of
randomized LSB insertion in any cover image. These two layers
of shuffling of text at different stages of encryption and
steganography provide two extra layers of security and make
the system robust against cryptanalytic attacks.
Image encryption using elliptical curve cryptosytem with hill cipherkarthik kedarisetti
IMAGE ENCRYPTION-BTECH FINAL YEAR PROJECT ZEROTH REVIEW.
Image encryption is rapidly increased recently by the increasing use of the internet and communication
media. Sharing important images over unsecured channels is liable for attacking and stealing. Encryption
techniques are the suitable methods to protect images from attacks. Hill cipher algorithm is one of the
symmetric techniques, it has a simple structure and fast computations, but weak security because sender
and receiver need to use and share the same private key within a non-secure channels. A new image
encryption technique that combines Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem with Hill Cipher (ECCHC) has been proposed
in this paper to convert Hill cipher from symmetric technique to asymmetric one and increase its
security and efficiency and resist the hackers. Self-invertible key matrix is used to generate encryption
and decryption secret key. So, no need to find the inverse key matrix in the decryption process. A secret
key matrix with dimensions 4 4 will be used as an example in this study. Entropy, Peak Signal to Noise
Ratio (PSNR), and Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI) will be used to assess the grayscale image
encryption efficiency and compare the encrypted image with the original image to evaluate the performance
of the proposed encryption technique.
Information security is one of the most important issues in the
recent times. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is one of the most
efficient public key cryptosystems that is secured against adversaries
because it is hard for them to find the secret key and solve
the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem. Its strengthened
security also comes from the small key size that is used in it with
the same level of safety compared to the other cryptosystems like RSA(Rivest–Shamir–Adleman))
This document contains a question bank for the subject Cryptography and Network Security. It includes questions grouped under different units of the subject: Introduction and Number Theory, Block Ciphers and Public Key Cryptography, Hash Functions and Digital Signatures. For each question, it provides the question number, question, marks allotted, knowledge level and number of times the question may appear in the assessment. The document also provides details of the subject code, name, class, staff in-charge and course code.
Image Steganography Based On Hill Cipher with Key Hiding TechniqueIOSR Journals
This document presents a method for image steganography using Hill cipher encryption with a hidden key. It begins with background on steganography, cryptography, and the Hill cipher algorithm. The proposed method hides an encrypted ciphertext and encrypted key within the pixel values of a cover image. To encrypt, it applies Hill cipher to the plaintext, hides the ciphertext in the cover image pixels, and encrypts and embeds the key. It transmits the steganographic image. To decrypt, it extracts the key from the pixel values, decrypts the key, and uses the inverse Hill cipher to recover the original plaintext. The key is transformed and diffused within the pixel values, hiding it and making the system more secure for network transmission without
Multiple Encryption using ECC and Its Time Complexity AnalysisIJCERT
Rapid growth of information technology in present era, secure communication, strong data encryption technique and trusted third party are considered to be major topics of study. Robust encryption algorithm development to secure sensitive data is of great significance among researchers at present. The conventional methods of encryption used as of today may not sufficient and therefore new ideas for the purpose are to be design, analyze and need to be fit into the existing system of security to provide protection of our data from unauthorized access. An effective encryption/ decryption algorithm design to enhance data security is a challenging task while computation, complexity, robustness etc. are concerned. The multiple encryption technique is a process of applying encryption over a single encryption process in a number of iteration. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is well known and well accepted cryptographic algorithm and used in many application as of today. In this paper, we discuss multiple encryptions and analyze the computation overhead in the process and study the feasibility of practical application. In the process we use ECC as a multiple-ECC algorithm and try to analyze degree of security, encryption/decryption computation time and complexity of the algorithm. Performance measure of the algorithm is evaluated by analyzing encryption time as well as decryption time in single ECC as well as multiple-ECC are compared with the help of various examples.
A New Approach of Cryptographic Technique Using Simple ECC & ECFIJAEMSJORNAL
Cryptography is the technique in which usually a file is converted into unreadable format by using public key and private key system called as public key cryptosystem. Then as per the user requirement that file is send to another user for secure data transmission. In this paper we purposed an image based cryptography that Elliptic Curve Function (ECF) techniques and pseudo random encoding technique on images to enhance the security of RFID communication. In the ECF approach, the basic idea is to replace the Elliptic Curve Function (ECF) of the cover image with the Bits of the messages to be hidden without destroying the property of the cover image significantly. The ECF based technique is the most challenging one as it is difficult to differentiate between the cover object and Crypto object if few ECF bits of the cover object are replaced. In Pseudo Random technique, a random key is used as seed for the Pseudo Random Number Generator in needed in the embedding process. Both the techniques used a Crypto key while embedding messages inside the cover image. By using the key, the chance of getting attacked by the attacker is reduced.
ENCRYPTION USING LESTER HILL CIPHER ALGORITHMAM Publications
The Hill cipher algorithm is one of the symmetrickey algorithms that have several advantages in data
encryption as well as decryptions. But, the inverse of the key matrix used for encrypting the plaintext does not always
exist. Then if the key matrix is not invertible, then encrypted text cannot be decrypted. In the Involuntary matrix
generation method the key matrix used for the encryption is itself invertible. So, at the time of decryption we need not to
find the inverse of the key matrix. The objective of this paper is to encrypt an text using a technique different from the
conventional Hill Cipher
The matrix in Hill Cipher was designed to perform encryption and decryption. Every column and row must be inserted by integer numbers. But, not any key that can be given to the matrix used for the process. The wrong determinant result cannot be used in the process because it produces the incorrect plaintext when doing the decryption after the encryption. Genetic algorithms offer the optimized way to determine the key used for encryption and decryption on the Hill Cipher. By determining the evaluation function in the genetic algorithm, the key that fits the composition will be obtained. By implementing this algorithm, the search of the key on the Hill Cipher will be easily done without spending too much time. Genetic algorithms do well if it is combined with Hill Cipher.
Combined Implementation of Robust Cryptosystem for Non-invertible Matrices ba...IDES Editor
In this paper, we have combined the Robust
Cryptosystem for Non-invertible matrices based on Hill Cipher
technique with steganography method in order to securely
transmit text message. The steganography method used is LSB
insertion technique. The encryption and steganography
methods are used subsequently along with two randomization
technique: one of XOR the encrypted text and another of
randomized LSB insertion in any cover image. These two layers
of shuffling of text at different stages of encryption and
steganography provide two extra layers of security and make
the system robust against cryptanalytic attacks.
Image encryption using elliptical curve cryptosytem with hill cipherkarthik kedarisetti
IMAGE ENCRYPTION-BTECH FINAL YEAR PROJECT ZEROTH REVIEW.
Image encryption is rapidly increased recently by the increasing use of the internet and communication
media. Sharing important images over unsecured channels is liable for attacking and stealing. Encryption
techniques are the suitable methods to protect images from attacks. Hill cipher algorithm is one of the
symmetric techniques, it has a simple structure and fast computations, but weak security because sender
and receiver need to use and share the same private key within a non-secure channels. A new image
encryption technique that combines Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem with Hill Cipher (ECCHC) has been proposed
in this paper to convert Hill cipher from symmetric technique to asymmetric one and increase its
security and efficiency and resist the hackers. Self-invertible key matrix is used to generate encryption
and decryption secret key. So, no need to find the inverse key matrix in the decryption process. A secret
key matrix with dimensions 4 4 will be used as an example in this study. Entropy, Peak Signal to Noise
Ratio (PSNR), and Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI) will be used to assess the grayscale image
encryption efficiency and compare the encrypted image with the original image to evaluate the performance
of the proposed encryption technique.
Information security is one of the most important issues in the
recent times. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is one of the most
efficient public key cryptosystems that is secured against adversaries
because it is hard for them to find the secret key and solve
the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem. Its strengthened
security also comes from the small key size that is used in it with
the same level of safety compared to the other cryptosystems like RSA(Rivest–Shamir–Adleman))
This document contains a question bank for the subject Cryptography and Network Security. It includes questions grouped under different units of the subject: Introduction and Number Theory, Block Ciphers and Public Key Cryptography, Hash Functions and Digital Signatures. For each question, it provides the question number, question, marks allotted, knowledge level and number of times the question may appear in the assessment. The document also provides details of the subject code, name, class, staff in-charge and course code.
Image Steganography Based On Hill Cipher with Key Hiding TechniqueIOSR Journals
This document presents a method for image steganography using Hill cipher encryption with a hidden key. It begins with background on steganography, cryptography, and the Hill cipher algorithm. The proposed method hides an encrypted ciphertext and encrypted key within the pixel values of a cover image. To encrypt, it applies Hill cipher to the plaintext, hides the ciphertext in the cover image pixels, and encrypts and embeds the key. It transmits the steganographic image. To decrypt, it extracts the key from the pixel values, decrypts the key, and uses the inverse Hill cipher to recover the original plaintext. The key is transformed and diffused within the pixel values, hiding it and making the system more secure for network transmission without
Multiple Encryption using ECC and Its Time Complexity AnalysisIJCERT
Rapid growth of information technology in present era, secure communication, strong data encryption technique and trusted third party are considered to be major topics of study. Robust encryption algorithm development to secure sensitive data is of great significance among researchers at present. The conventional methods of encryption used as of today may not sufficient and therefore new ideas for the purpose are to be design, analyze and need to be fit into the existing system of security to provide protection of our data from unauthorized access. An effective encryption/ decryption algorithm design to enhance data security is a challenging task while computation, complexity, robustness etc. are concerned. The multiple encryption technique is a process of applying encryption over a single encryption process in a number of iteration. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is well known and well accepted cryptographic algorithm and used in many application as of today. In this paper, we discuss multiple encryptions and analyze the computation overhead in the process and study the feasibility of practical application. In the process we use ECC as a multiple-ECC algorithm and try to analyze degree of security, encryption/decryption computation time and complexity of the algorithm. Performance measure of the algorithm is evaluated by analyzing encryption time as well as decryption time in single ECC as well as multiple-ECC are compared with the help of various examples.
A New Approach of Cryptographic Technique Using Simple ECC & ECFIJAEMSJORNAL
Cryptography is the technique in which usually a file is converted into unreadable format by using public key and private key system called as public key cryptosystem. Then as per the user requirement that file is send to another user for secure data transmission. In this paper we purposed an image based cryptography that Elliptic Curve Function (ECF) techniques and pseudo random encoding technique on images to enhance the security of RFID communication. In the ECF approach, the basic idea is to replace the Elliptic Curve Function (ECF) of the cover image with the Bits of the messages to be hidden without destroying the property of the cover image significantly. The ECF based technique is the most challenging one as it is difficult to differentiate between the cover object and Crypto object if few ECF bits of the cover object are replaced. In Pseudo Random technique, a random key is used as seed for the Pseudo Random Number Generator in needed in the embedding process. Both the techniques used a Crypto key while embedding messages inside the cover image. By using the key, the chance of getting attacked by the attacker is reduced.
The document describes a modified AES key expansion algorithm for image encryption and decryption. It discusses basics of cryptography and image encryption. It introduces AES and describes the standard AES key expansion process. It then presents a modified AES key expansion algorithm tailored for images where the keys are expanded based on image pixel count, Rcon values are derived from the initial key, and the S-box is shifted based on the initial key. It analyzes the proposed algorithm and shows it offers high encryption quality with minimal time compared to previous techniques.
Performance evluvation of chaotic encryption techniqueAncy Mariam Babu
This document evaluates the performance of chaotic encryption algorithms. It aims to analyze the confidentiality, integrity, and efficiency of encrypting video data. The document introduces cryptography and chaos concepts. It describes chaotic encryption and decryption processes. It evaluates existing algorithms like CVES, SEA, NCA, and EES based on encryption speed, CPU utilization, and power consumption. The results show that CVES and NCA have better encryption speeds while EES requires more time. The algorithms provide varying levels of security from high to middle.
“Proposed Model for Network Security Issues Using Elliptical Curve Cryptography”IOSR Journals
Abstract: Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) plays an important role in today’s public key based security
systems. . ECC is a faster and more secure method of encryption as compared to other Public Key
Cryptographic algorithms. This paper focuses on the performance advantages of using ECC in the wireless
network. So in this paper its algorithm has been implemented and analyzed for various bit length inputs. The
Private key is known only to sender and receiver and hence data transmission is secure.
Survey on asymmetric key cryptography algorithmsEditor Jacotech
The document summarizes and compares several asymmetric key cryptography algorithms. It begins by introducing the concept of public key cryptography and describing some of its advantages. It then provides brief overviews of the following algorithms: RSA, Diffie-Hellman key exchange, Digital Signature Algorithm, Elliptic Curve Cryptography, Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman, ElGamal Encryption Algorithm, and the Knapsack Algorithm. For each algorithm, it outlines the key generation, encryption, and decryption processes. It concludes by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches.
On the Usage of Chained Codes in CryptographyCSCJournals
This document summarizes a research paper on using randomized chained linear codes for digital signatures. The summary is:
1) Randomized chained linear codes are proposed to address attacks on previous signature schemes that used regular chained codes. Random vectors are concatenated to the generator matrix of a chained code to create randomized chained codes.
2) A digital signature scheme is presented that uses randomized chained codes. The private key consists of the generator matrix and randomization matrices. The public key is the randomized parity check matrix. Signatures are created using the chain code decoding algorithm.
3) Security analysis shows the scheme is secure if the code length is over 1350 bits, preventing an attacker from determining the private key from the public information
Pairing Based Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem for Message AuthenticationIJTET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on using elliptic curve cryptography for message authentication. It begins with an introduction to elliptic curve cryptography and how it can provide equivalent security to other public key encryption methods but with smaller key sizes. It then describes the proposed methodology which includes generating an ECC key pair, encrypting a message with the public key, transmitting the encrypted message, and decrypting it with the private key. The results show a message being encrypted and decrypted correctly using this ECC process. It concludes that ECC can provide an efficient method for authentication in systems like vehicular networks due to its lower computation and communication overhead compared to other encryption methods.
Lightweight Cryptography for Distributed PKI Based MANETSIJCNCJournal
This document proposes a lightweight cryptography solution for secure communication in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It describes creating a distributed public key infrastructure (PKI) using Shamir's secret sharing to decentralize the certificate authority role among MANET nodes. Each node holds a share of the private key. It then proposes using Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA), an efficient symmetric-key cipher, along with elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange to establish secure communication between nodes with limited resources. The system initializes by having founding MANET nodes act as dealers to distribute secret shares. Nodes then use Diffie-Hellman to independently derive a secret key to encrypt communications.
Blind Signature Scheme Based On Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC)IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a blind signature scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography. It begins with an introduction to cryptography and the history of cryptography. It then discusses symmetric key cryptography, asymmetric key cryptography including public and private key pairs. It describes digital signatures, how they are generated and verified. It introduces the concept of blind signatures, how a message can be signed without revealing its contents to the signer. It discusses the mathematics behind elliptic curves and elliptic curve cryptography. It describes how to represent points on an elliptic curve and perform operations like point addition. The document focuses on implementing a blind digital signature scheme using elliptic curve cryptography.
Message Embedded Cipher Using 2-D Chaotic Mapijccmsjournal
This paper constructs two encryption methods using 2-D chaotic maps, Duffings and Arnold’s cat maps
respectively. Both of the methods are designed using message embedded scheme and are analyzed for
their validity, for plaintext sensitivity, key sensitivity, known plaintext and brute-force attacks. Due to the
less key space generally many chaotic cryptosystem developed are found to be weak against Brute force
attack which is an essential issue to be solved. For this issue, concept of identifiability proved to be a
necessary condition to be fulfilled by the designed chaotic cipher to resist brute force attack, which is a
basic attack. As 2-D chaotic maps provide more key space than 1-D maps thus they are considered to be
more suitable. This work is accompanied with analysis results obtained from these developed cipher.
Moreover, identifiable keys are searched for different input texts at various key values.
Color Image Encryption and Decryption Using Multiple Chaotic MapsIJTET Journal
Owing to advances in communication technology, a bulk of visual digital data is being stored and transmitted over the internet now-a-days. Particularly millions and millions of images transfer through the network per day as per the statistics and a result, the security of image data is an important requirement. Image encryption algorithm is used to provide this security. In this paper, an image encryption algorithm based on confusion diffusion architecture that uses dynamic key space is proposed. An internal key generator is used to generate the initial seeds for the overall encryption scheme is proposed. With these initial seeds logistic map generates pseudo random numbers then these numbers are converted into permutation order for permutation. The diffusion bits are generated in parallel using the logistic map and manipulated with pixels confused. The image pixels are iteratively confused and diffused using permutation order and diffusion bits respectively to produce cipher image in minimum number of rounds. This paper proposes a new kind of initial seed generation that utilizes the combo of logistic and tent maps. Even all external seeds are same. The internal seeds will be totally different. This ensures the key sensitivity. The simulation results and analysis confirm that the satisfactory level of security is achieved in three rounds and overall encryption time is saved.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Secure Encryption Technique based on Advanced Hill Cipher For a Public Key ...IOSR Journals
This document presents a secure encryption technique based on an advanced Hill cipher for a public key cryptosystem. The technique uses an involutory matrix and permuted key to encrypt plaintext into ciphertext. It further encrypts the ciphertext through two levels of scrambling and adds tamper detection by calculating and transmitting the determinant of the ciphertext matrix. The decryption process reverses these steps to recover the original plaintext. The technique aims to make the cipher highly secure against cryptanalytic attacks by introducing multiple transformations and ensuring the integrity of the ciphertext through determinant verification.
Image encryption and decryption using aes algorithmIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an article that describes using the AES algorithm to encrypt and decrypt images. It begins with background on AES and its advantages over DES such as larger key sizes. It then describes modifications made to the AES key expansion to improve encryption quality and avalanche effect. The implementation takes an input key, generates expanded keys using a modified key expansion, then encrypts images by applying AES operations to blocks of 16 pixels using the expanded keys. Decryption reverses this process to recover the original image. Results show the encrypted image is secure and decrypts correctly when using the proper key.
Iaetsd implementation of lsb image steganography system using edge detectionIaetsd Iaetsd
This document proposes an image steganography system that uses edge detection, LZW compression, and hybrid encryption methods. It first encrypts the secret image using AES and ECC encryption. It then compresses the encrypted image using LZW compression. Next, it detects edges in the cover image using Canny edge detection. It then embeds the compressed encrypted image into the cover image by modifying the least significant bits of edge pixels. To decode, it extracts the embedded image, decompresses it, and decrypts it using ECC and AES decryption, recovering the original secret image. Evaluation results show the proposed method provides better security compared to existing methods while maintaining high quality of the stego image.
Implementation Secure Authentication Using Elliptic Curve CryptographyAM Publications
Elliptic curve cryptography is the most efficient public key encryption scheme based on the elliptic curve concepts that
can be used to create faster, smaller, and efficient cryptographic keys. As a use of network increase for critical transaction, so
huge damages are caused by intrusion attacks hence there is the need of computer network security. To protect network against
various active and passive attack, various technique have been suggested. Mobile devices have many differences in their
capabilities, computational powers and security requirements. The security of mobile communication has stopped the list of
concerns for mobile phone users. Confidentiality, Authentication, Integrity and Non-repudiation are required security services for mobile communication.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Genetic algorithms can solve complex problems, including the problems of cryptography. What problems often occur on the Hill Cipher is the waste of time to determine the numbers that are used in the encryption process. In the encryption process, it is not a problem if the key is derived from any number. However, the problem is ciphertext cannot be returned to the original message. The key that is used must have the determinant is 1. To find the value of it is something that takes time if it must be done manually. Due to the entered value to the Hill Cipher is random, Genetic algorithms can be used to optimize the search time. By using this algorithm, the determinant calculation will be more accurate and faster. The result achieved is the program can specify some combination of numbers that can be used as the encryption key Hill Cipher and it can reject the unnecessary numbers.
Survey on Different Image Encryption Techniques with Tabular Formijsrd.com
Rapid growth of digital communication and multimedia application increases the need of security and it becomes an important issue of communication and storage of multimedia. Image Encryption is one of the techniques that are used to ensure high security. Various fields such as medical science military in which image encryption can be used. Recent cryptography provides necessary techniques for securing information and protective multimedia data. In last some years, encryption technology has been developed quickly and many image encryption methods have been used to protect confidential image data from illegal way in. Within this paper survey of different image encryption techniques have been discussed from which researchers can get an idea for efficient techniques to be used.
Image encryption technique incorporating wavelet transform and hash integrityeSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper is basically designed for image encryption using wavelet Transform Techniques and its integrity incorporating hash value with SHA-256. Techniques which is involved in encryption is image confusion, image diffusion, wavelet Transform, Inverse wavelet Transform and finally hash value computation of original image. Techniques which are involved for Decryption is reverse of Encryption.
Keywords: wavelet Transform, Hash value, Encryption, Decryption.
The document describes a thesis submitted by Amogh Mahapatra and Rajballav Dash for their Bachelor of Technology degree. It examines using the Hill cipher technique and self-repetitive matrices for data encryption and decryption. Specifically, it proposes an innovation to the conventional Hill cipher method using the concept of self-repetitive matrices. This approach is mathematically derived and implemented to simulate a communication channel with compression techniques. The method aims to address issues with inverting the Hill cipher's multiplicative matrix by using periodically repeating matrices.
The document describes a modified AES key expansion algorithm for image encryption and decryption. It discusses basics of cryptography and image encryption. It introduces AES and describes the standard AES key expansion process. It then presents a modified AES key expansion algorithm tailored for images where the keys are expanded based on image pixel count, Rcon values are derived from the initial key, and the S-box is shifted based on the initial key. It analyzes the proposed algorithm and shows it offers high encryption quality with minimal time compared to previous techniques.
Performance evluvation of chaotic encryption techniqueAncy Mariam Babu
This document evaluates the performance of chaotic encryption algorithms. It aims to analyze the confidentiality, integrity, and efficiency of encrypting video data. The document introduces cryptography and chaos concepts. It describes chaotic encryption and decryption processes. It evaluates existing algorithms like CVES, SEA, NCA, and EES based on encryption speed, CPU utilization, and power consumption. The results show that CVES and NCA have better encryption speeds while EES requires more time. The algorithms provide varying levels of security from high to middle.
“Proposed Model for Network Security Issues Using Elliptical Curve Cryptography”IOSR Journals
Abstract: Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) plays an important role in today’s public key based security
systems. . ECC is a faster and more secure method of encryption as compared to other Public Key
Cryptographic algorithms. This paper focuses on the performance advantages of using ECC in the wireless
network. So in this paper its algorithm has been implemented and analyzed for various bit length inputs. The
Private key is known only to sender and receiver and hence data transmission is secure.
Survey on asymmetric key cryptography algorithmsEditor Jacotech
The document summarizes and compares several asymmetric key cryptography algorithms. It begins by introducing the concept of public key cryptography and describing some of its advantages. It then provides brief overviews of the following algorithms: RSA, Diffie-Hellman key exchange, Digital Signature Algorithm, Elliptic Curve Cryptography, Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman, ElGamal Encryption Algorithm, and the Knapsack Algorithm. For each algorithm, it outlines the key generation, encryption, and decryption processes. It concludes by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches.
On the Usage of Chained Codes in CryptographyCSCJournals
This document summarizes a research paper on using randomized chained linear codes for digital signatures. The summary is:
1) Randomized chained linear codes are proposed to address attacks on previous signature schemes that used regular chained codes. Random vectors are concatenated to the generator matrix of a chained code to create randomized chained codes.
2) A digital signature scheme is presented that uses randomized chained codes. The private key consists of the generator matrix and randomization matrices. The public key is the randomized parity check matrix. Signatures are created using the chain code decoding algorithm.
3) Security analysis shows the scheme is secure if the code length is over 1350 bits, preventing an attacker from determining the private key from the public information
Pairing Based Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem for Message AuthenticationIJTET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on using elliptic curve cryptography for message authentication. It begins with an introduction to elliptic curve cryptography and how it can provide equivalent security to other public key encryption methods but with smaller key sizes. It then describes the proposed methodology which includes generating an ECC key pair, encrypting a message with the public key, transmitting the encrypted message, and decrypting it with the private key. The results show a message being encrypted and decrypted correctly using this ECC process. It concludes that ECC can provide an efficient method for authentication in systems like vehicular networks due to its lower computation and communication overhead compared to other encryption methods.
Lightweight Cryptography for Distributed PKI Based MANETSIJCNCJournal
This document proposes a lightweight cryptography solution for secure communication in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It describes creating a distributed public key infrastructure (PKI) using Shamir's secret sharing to decentralize the certificate authority role among MANET nodes. Each node holds a share of the private key. It then proposes using Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA), an efficient symmetric-key cipher, along with elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange to establish secure communication between nodes with limited resources. The system initializes by having founding MANET nodes act as dealers to distribute secret shares. Nodes then use Diffie-Hellman to independently derive a secret key to encrypt communications.
Blind Signature Scheme Based On Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC)IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a blind signature scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography. It begins with an introduction to cryptography and the history of cryptography. It then discusses symmetric key cryptography, asymmetric key cryptography including public and private key pairs. It describes digital signatures, how they are generated and verified. It introduces the concept of blind signatures, how a message can be signed without revealing its contents to the signer. It discusses the mathematics behind elliptic curves and elliptic curve cryptography. It describes how to represent points on an elliptic curve and perform operations like point addition. The document focuses on implementing a blind digital signature scheme using elliptic curve cryptography.
Message Embedded Cipher Using 2-D Chaotic Mapijccmsjournal
This paper constructs two encryption methods using 2-D chaotic maps, Duffings and Arnold’s cat maps
respectively. Both of the methods are designed using message embedded scheme and are analyzed for
their validity, for plaintext sensitivity, key sensitivity, known plaintext and brute-force attacks. Due to the
less key space generally many chaotic cryptosystem developed are found to be weak against Brute force
attack which is an essential issue to be solved. For this issue, concept of identifiability proved to be a
necessary condition to be fulfilled by the designed chaotic cipher to resist brute force attack, which is a
basic attack. As 2-D chaotic maps provide more key space than 1-D maps thus they are considered to be
more suitable. This work is accompanied with analysis results obtained from these developed cipher.
Moreover, identifiable keys are searched for different input texts at various key values.
Color Image Encryption and Decryption Using Multiple Chaotic MapsIJTET Journal
Owing to advances in communication technology, a bulk of visual digital data is being stored and transmitted over the internet now-a-days. Particularly millions and millions of images transfer through the network per day as per the statistics and a result, the security of image data is an important requirement. Image encryption algorithm is used to provide this security. In this paper, an image encryption algorithm based on confusion diffusion architecture that uses dynamic key space is proposed. An internal key generator is used to generate the initial seeds for the overall encryption scheme is proposed. With these initial seeds logistic map generates pseudo random numbers then these numbers are converted into permutation order for permutation. The diffusion bits are generated in parallel using the logistic map and manipulated with pixels confused. The image pixels are iteratively confused and diffused using permutation order and diffusion bits respectively to produce cipher image in minimum number of rounds. This paper proposes a new kind of initial seed generation that utilizes the combo of logistic and tent maps. Even all external seeds are same. The internal seeds will be totally different. This ensures the key sensitivity. The simulation results and analysis confirm that the satisfactory level of security is achieved in three rounds and overall encryption time is saved.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Secure Encryption Technique based on Advanced Hill Cipher For a Public Key ...IOSR Journals
This document presents a secure encryption technique based on an advanced Hill cipher for a public key cryptosystem. The technique uses an involutory matrix and permuted key to encrypt plaintext into ciphertext. It further encrypts the ciphertext through two levels of scrambling and adds tamper detection by calculating and transmitting the determinant of the ciphertext matrix. The decryption process reverses these steps to recover the original plaintext. The technique aims to make the cipher highly secure against cryptanalytic attacks by introducing multiple transformations and ensuring the integrity of the ciphertext through determinant verification.
Image encryption and decryption using aes algorithmIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an article that describes using the AES algorithm to encrypt and decrypt images. It begins with background on AES and its advantages over DES such as larger key sizes. It then describes modifications made to the AES key expansion to improve encryption quality and avalanche effect. The implementation takes an input key, generates expanded keys using a modified key expansion, then encrypts images by applying AES operations to blocks of 16 pixels using the expanded keys. Decryption reverses this process to recover the original image. Results show the encrypted image is secure and decrypts correctly when using the proper key.
Iaetsd implementation of lsb image steganography system using edge detectionIaetsd Iaetsd
This document proposes an image steganography system that uses edge detection, LZW compression, and hybrid encryption methods. It first encrypts the secret image using AES and ECC encryption. It then compresses the encrypted image using LZW compression. Next, it detects edges in the cover image using Canny edge detection. It then embeds the compressed encrypted image into the cover image by modifying the least significant bits of edge pixels. To decode, it extracts the embedded image, decompresses it, and decrypts it using ECC and AES decryption, recovering the original secret image. Evaluation results show the proposed method provides better security compared to existing methods while maintaining high quality of the stego image.
Implementation Secure Authentication Using Elliptic Curve CryptographyAM Publications
Elliptic curve cryptography is the most efficient public key encryption scheme based on the elliptic curve concepts that
can be used to create faster, smaller, and efficient cryptographic keys. As a use of network increase for critical transaction, so
huge damages are caused by intrusion attacks hence there is the need of computer network security. To protect network against
various active and passive attack, various technique have been suggested. Mobile devices have many differences in their
capabilities, computational powers and security requirements. The security of mobile communication has stopped the list of
concerns for mobile phone users. Confidentiality, Authentication, Integrity and Non-repudiation are required security services for mobile communication.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Genetic algorithms can solve complex problems, including the problems of cryptography. What problems often occur on the Hill Cipher is the waste of time to determine the numbers that are used in the encryption process. In the encryption process, it is not a problem if the key is derived from any number. However, the problem is ciphertext cannot be returned to the original message. The key that is used must have the determinant is 1. To find the value of it is something that takes time if it must be done manually. Due to the entered value to the Hill Cipher is random, Genetic algorithms can be used to optimize the search time. By using this algorithm, the determinant calculation will be more accurate and faster. The result achieved is the program can specify some combination of numbers that can be used as the encryption key Hill Cipher and it can reject the unnecessary numbers.
Survey on Different Image Encryption Techniques with Tabular Formijsrd.com
Rapid growth of digital communication and multimedia application increases the need of security and it becomes an important issue of communication and storage of multimedia. Image Encryption is one of the techniques that are used to ensure high security. Various fields such as medical science military in which image encryption can be used. Recent cryptography provides necessary techniques for securing information and protective multimedia data. In last some years, encryption technology has been developed quickly and many image encryption methods have been used to protect confidential image data from illegal way in. Within this paper survey of different image encryption techniques have been discussed from which researchers can get an idea for efficient techniques to be used.
Image encryption technique incorporating wavelet transform and hash integrityeSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper is basically designed for image encryption using wavelet Transform Techniques and its integrity incorporating hash value with SHA-256. Techniques which is involved in encryption is image confusion, image diffusion, wavelet Transform, Inverse wavelet Transform and finally hash value computation of original image. Techniques which are involved for Decryption is reverse of Encryption.
Keywords: wavelet Transform, Hash value, Encryption, Decryption.
The document describes a thesis submitted by Amogh Mahapatra and Rajballav Dash for their Bachelor of Technology degree. It examines using the Hill cipher technique and self-repetitive matrices for data encryption and decryption. Specifically, it proposes an innovation to the conventional Hill cipher method using the concept of self-repetitive matrices. This approach is mathematically derived and implemented to simulate a communication channel with compression techniques. The method aims to address issues with inverting the Hill cipher's multiplicative matrix by using periodically repeating matrices.
The document summarizes a block-based image transformation and encryption algorithm. It divides images into blocks that are rearranged to decrease correlation between pixels. The transformed image is then encrypted with Blowfish. Three cases using different block sizes were tested. Results showed that using smaller blocks decreased correlation and increased entropy, strengthening encryption. The technique enhances security by transforming before encrypting with Blowfish.
This document provides an overview of encryption techniques. It begins with basic terminology used in cryptography such as plaintext, ciphertext, cipher, key, enciphering, deciphering, and cryptanalysis. It then discusses why encryption is used and provides real-life examples of encryption applications. The document outlines symmetric and asymmetric cryptography and describes several classical ciphers such as the Caesar cipher, monoalphabetic ciphers, the one-time pad, Hill cipher, Playfair cipher, and Vigenere cipher.
This document provides an overview of digital watermarking. It defines digital watermarking as a technique that embeds a low-energy signal or watermark imperceptibly into digital content. The document discusses different types of watermarking including robust, fragile, visible, and invisible watermarking. It also outlines various digital watermarking techniques and applications for copyright protection, content authentication, and metadata tagging. The document concludes that digital watermarking is an effective technique for protecting digital content and preventing illegal copying.
The document proposes a chaotic image encryption technique using Henon chaotic systems. It consists of two main steps: 1) Image fusion between the original image and a key image. 2) Encrypting the pixel values of the fused image using a Henon chaotic map. The technique aims to provide high security with less computational time compared to traditional encryption methods. Experimental results show the algorithm is sensitive to keys and resistant to brute force attacks. The technique can be used for applications like secure internet image transmission.
Encryption converts plaintext into ciphertext using an algorithm and key. Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting and row exchange is used to encrypt images by converting the image matrix to an upper triangular matrix and generating a decryption key. The encrypted image matrix and key can then be multiplied to recover the original image matrix and decrypt the image. This algorithm allows for faster encryption time while still producing robust encryption to prevent unauthorized access to images.
Chaos theory is a mathematical field of study which states that non-linear dynamical systems
that are seemingly random are actually deterministic from much simpler equations. The
phenomenon of Chaos theory was introduced to the modern world by Edward Lorenz in 1972
with conceptualization of ‘Butterfly Effect’. As chaos theory was developed by inputs of
various mathematicians and scientists, it found applications in a large number of scientific
fields.
The purpose of the project is the interpretation of chaos theory which is not as familiar as
other theories. Everything in the universe is in some way or the other under control of Chaos
or product of Chaos. Every motion, behavior or tendency can be explained by Chaos Theory.
The prime objective of it is the illustration of Chaos Theory and Chaotic behavior.
This project includes origin, history, fields of application, real life application and limitations
of Chaos Theory. It explores understanding complexity and dynamics of Chaos.
The document provides an overview of cipher techniques including:
- Classical techniques like transposition ciphers, substitution ciphers including the Caesar and Playfair ciphers, and polyalphabetic ciphers like the Vigenere cipher.
- Modern techniques like stream ciphers which encrypt bits one at a time using a pseudorandom keystream, and block ciphers which encrypt blocks of text.
- It also discusses cryptanalysis techniques for analyzing ciphers and discusses how to build more secure systems using techniques like the one-time pad or combining multiple ciphers.
An Advance Approach of Image Encryption using AES, Genetic Algorithm and RSA ...IJEACS
In current scenario the entire world is moving towards digital communication for fast and better communication. But in this a problem rises with security i.e. when we have to store information (either data or image) at any casual location or transmit information through internet. As internet is an open transmission medium, security of data becomes very important. To defend our information from piracy or from hacking we use a technique and i.e. known as Encryption Technique. In this paper, we use image as information and use an advance approach of well-known encryption techniques like AES, Genetic Algorithm, and RSA algorithm to encrypt it and keep our information safe from hackers or intruders making it highly difficult and time consuming to decipher the image without using the key.
Encryption is used to securely transmit data in open networks. Each type of data has its own features. With the rapid growth of internet, security of digital images has become more and more important. Therefore different techniques should be used to protect confidential image data from unauthorized access. In this paper an encryption technique based on elliptic curves for securing images to transmit over public channels will be proposed. Encryption and decryption process are given in details with an example. The comparative study of the proposed scheme and the existing scheme is made. Our proposed algorithm is aimed at better encryption of all types of images even ones with uniform background and makes the image encryption scheme more secure. The output encrypted images reveal that the proposed method is robust.
IRJET- FPGA Implementation of Image Encryption and Decryption using Fully Hom...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed method for implementing image encryption and decryption using fully homomorphic encryption on an FPGA. The method involves:
1. Loading an image into MATLAB and converting it to a text file for processing.
2. Developing homomorphic encryption and decryption algorithms in VHDL and simulating/synthesizing them for implementation on an FPGA.
3. Encrypting the image by applying the homomorphic encryption algorithm to the text data and reconverting to an encrypted image. Decrypting works in the reverse manner applying the decryption algorithm.
4. The goal is to allow computations on encrypted data by combining properties of partial homomorphic encryption schemes to enable a fully hom
This paper discusses the application of matrices in cryptography. It examines how matrices can be used to produce keys for Hill ciphers to encrypt and decrypt words. Specifically, it explores the effectiveness of matrices for cryptography, the process of generating keys for Hill ciphers, and the qualities that make a matrix suitable for use as an encryption key. The paper also outlines how Hill ciphers use matrix multiplication and inverses to encrypt and decrypt messages.
IRJET-Survey of Highly Secured Methods for Image Transmission using Image Seg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new method for securely transmitting images using image segmentation, permutation, and multi-encryption techniques. It begins with an abstract that outlines encrypting images to protect confidential data from unauthorized access. It then provides background on encryption and discusses how traditional text encryption is not suitable for large image files. The proposed method segments an image, permutes the pixels using random numbers, and repeats the encryption multiple times for security. It claims this approach provides strong encryption with minimal data loss or computational costs compared to other methods.
The document proposes and evaluates a new digital image security scheme that uses Residue Number System (RNS) encoding/decoding and a modified Arnold transform algorithm. Key points:
- The encryption process encodes the plain image into residual images using RNS, then encrypts them by applying the modified Arnold transform multiple times.
- The decryption process decrypts the cipher image by applying the inverse Arnold transform, then decodes the residual images back into the plain image using RNS and the Chinese Remainder Theorem.
- Experimental results on images of different sizes show the scheme can encrypt/decrypt without information loss. Security analysis indicates resistance to statistical attacks like histograms and strong sensitivity to encryption keys.
The document proposes and evaluates a new digital image security scheme that uses Residue Number System (RNS) encoding/decoding and a modified Arnold transform algorithm. Key points:
- The encryption process encodes the plain image into residual images using RNS, then encrypts them using the modified Arnold transform.
- The decryption process decrypts the cipher image using the inverse Arnold transform, then decodes the residual images back into the plain image using RNS and the Chinese Remainder Theorem.
- Experimental results on test images of different sizes and formats show the scheme can effectively encrypt and decrypt without information loss. Security analysis also indicates resistance to statistical attacks like histograms and strong sensitivity to encryption keys.
With increasing technology development in field of communication and Electronic devices, there is a need for better security service for information transfer in Medical Sectors, Banking, Financial and in other IoT applications etc. Fight against security attacks is of prime importance. Through Cryptographic techniques we can provide Authenticity as well as Confidentiality for the user data. In this paper, hardware implementation has been described for a real-time application of speech data encryption and decryption using AES algorithm along with the speech recognition using cross correlation technique. Verilog programming environment is used for AES cryptography whereas MATLAB is used for Speech recognition. ASIC design on AES core is implemented using Cadence tools. Number of gates, area and power used by AES core design has been drastically reduced by specifying wide range of constraints during front end designing. In Backend designing, layout of AES design, which is the physical geometric representation is also developed.
New Technique Using Multiple Symmetric keys for Multilevel EncryptionIJERA Editor
In a world of accelerating communications, cryptography has become an essential component of the modern
means of communication systems. The emergence of the webas a reliable medium for commerce and
communication has made cryptography an essential component. Many algorithms or ciphers are in use
nowadays. The quality of the cipher is judged byits ability to prevent an unrelated party fromknowingthe
original content of the encrypted message. The proposed “Multilevel Encryption Model” is a cryptosystem that
adopts the basic principles of cryptography. It uses five symmetric keys (multiple)
in floating point numbers, plaintext, substitution techniques and key combinations with unintelligible
sequence to produce the ciphertext. The decryption process is also designed to reproduce the plaintext
The human fingerprint always becomes the way to verify the originality of the ownership. It can be connected to the security methods to increase the security level. Hill Cipher in one of the cryptography algorithms that can attach the digital fingerprint pattern. There are several matrix sizes to implement its process. This study focuses to a 3x3 matrix in the application. We need to provide nine integer numbers to perform the encryption which determinant has already been tested before. We try to link the digital fingerprint pattern to produce the automatic key generator. Not all the determinant value can get the ciphertext back to the original message. A threshold is used to adjust the determinant. It produces the different numbers when to be shifted. The correct numbers will be occupied in the matrix. When the numbers are available, the cryptography process can be performed.
IRJET-Triple Layered Security on Android Based SMS TransactionIRJET Journal
The document proposes a triple layer encryption technique for SMS on Android that securely encrypts messages. The technique applies bit manipulation, hill cipher encryption, and AES encryption sequentially to the SMS. At each stage of encryption, the output is converted to a new format before the next technique is applied. For decryption, the process is reversed, applying AES decryption first before hill cipher decryption and bit manipulation to recover the original SMS message. The technique aims to provide robust security for SMS transactions by encrypting data multiple times with different algorithms.
Color Cryptography using Substitution Methodijtsrd
In world of computer network, fears come in many different forms. Some of the most common fears today are software attacks. If we want to secure any type of data then we can use encryption method. All traditional encryption methods use substitution and switch. Substitution methods map plain text into ciphertext in which characters, numbers and special symbols are substituted with other characters, numbers and special symbols. In this paper, we are using a creative cryptographic replacement method is to generate a stronger cipher than the existing replacement algorithms. This method focuses on the replacement of characters, numbers and special symbols with color blocks. This algorithm of substitution is based on Play Color Cipher. Yashvanth. L | Dr. N. Shanmugapriya "Color Cryptography using Substitution Method" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29360.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/29360/color-cryptography-using-substitution-method/yashvanth-l
ELECTRONIC MAIL SECURITY USING ASYMMETRIC CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHM: A NOVEL AP...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a novel approach for securing electronic mail communication using an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm. It develops a new public-key encryption algorithm that encrypts email data into a matrix using mathematical concepts like matrix properties. The algorithm enciphers the email into a matrix and retrieves the original data by decrypting the encrypted data. It generates encryption keys using a key generation algorithm that produces a matrix with a determinant value equal to the public key. The performance of the algorithms and data ciphering is also evaluated.
A New Chaos Based Image Encryption and Decryption using a Hash FunctionIRJET Journal
This document proposes a new chaos-based image encryption and decryption scheme using Arnold's cat map for pixel permutation and the Lorenz system for diffusion. A hash function, specifically MurmurHash3, is used to generate the permutation and diffusion keys. This helps accelerate the diffusion process and reduces the number of cipher cycles needed compared to previous schemes. The encryption process involves first permuting the pixel positions using the cat map, with control parameters determined by the hash value of the original image. Then diffusion is performed using the Lorenz system to generate the keystream. Decryption follows the reverse process using the same keys. Security analysis demonstrates the scheme has a large key space and the encrypted images pass various statistical tests, indicating the
A Modified Binary Encryption Algorithm based on Diffuse RepresentationIJAEMSJORNAL
In the era of Internet, the multimedia data can be used by anyone. There is a chance that unintended users get access to the data so, encryption is needed to hide the multimedia data from the unauthorized users. This paper proposes a modified binary encryption algorithm based on diffuse representation. Here a binary image is XORed with a random matrix and is divided into more number of non-overlapping sub-images. The modified encryption algorithm will produce an encrypted image with ¼th of dimension and increased number of bits. The proposed encryption algorithm is a symmetric encryption algorithm. The number of keys generated is equal to the number of non-overlapping sub-images. The key shall be transmitted by a private key encryption algorithm. The encryption of the key is not of interest in this paper. The proposed algorithm has high performance that it gives BER as 0% and infinite PSNR. Even grayscale images can be encrypted using this algorithm considering each bit-plane as a binary image.
A New Security Level for Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem Using Cellular Automata ...Editor IJCATR
Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is an effective approach to protect privacy and security of information. Encryption
provides only one level of security during transmission over the channel. Hence there is a need for a stronger encryption which is very
hard to break. So, to achieve better results and improve security, information has to pass through several levels of encryption. The aim
of this paper would be to provide two levels of security. First level comprises of plaintext using as security key compressed block to
encrypt text based ECC technique and the second level comprises of scrambling method with compression using 2D Cellular rules. In
particular, we propose an efficient encryption algorithm based ECC using Cellular automata and it is termed as Elliptic Curve
Cryptosystem based Cellular Automata (ECCCA). This paper presents the implementation of ECCCA for communication over
insecure channel. The results are provided to show the encryption performance of the proposed method.
This document provides an overview of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). It discusses how ECC provides stronger security than RSA with smaller key sizes. The document describes the mathematical foundations of elliptic curves over finite fields. It explains scalar multiplication, which involves adding a point on the elliptic curve to itself multiple times, as the core operation in ECC. Finally, it discusses implementations of ECC and applications for encryption and digital signatures.
IRJET- Secure Data on Multi-Cloud using Homomorphic EncryptionIRJET Journal
This document discusses secure data storage on multi-cloud systems using homomorphic encryption. It begins by introducing homomorphic encryption and its uses for secure computation on encrypted data. It then describes different types of homomorphic encryption schemes, including partially homomorphic (e.g. RSA, Paillier) and fully homomorphic encryption. The document proposes a multi-cloud architecture using several distributed servers to partition and store encrypted data in a way that aims to achieve the capabilities of fully homomorphic encryption.
This document is a worksheet for a cryptography and network security course. It contains definitions of key terms like cryptography, encryption, decryption, and types of attacks. It also outlines classical encryption techniques like the Caesar cipher, Playfair cipher, Hill cipher, Vigenere cipher, and transposition techniques. Finally, it covers number theory topics such as prime numbers, factorization, Fermat's theorem, Euler's theorem, and primitive roots as they relate to cryptography.
Data Security Using Elliptic Curve CryptographyIJCERT
Cryptography technique is used to provide data security. In existing cryptography technique the key generation takes place randomly. Key generation require shared key. If shared key is access by unauthorized user then security becomes disoriented. Hence existing problems are alleviated to give more security to data. In proposed system a algorithm called as Elliptic Curve Cryptography is used. The ECC generates the key by using the point on the curve. The ECC is used for generating the key by using point on the curve and encryption and decryption operation takes place through curve. In the proposed system the encryption and key generation process takes place rapidly.
Similar to Image Encryption Using Advanced Hill Cipher Algorithm (20)
Power System State Estimation - A ReviewIDES Editor
This document provides a review of power system state estimation techniques. It discusses both static and dynamic state estimation algorithms. For static state estimation, it covers weighted least squares, decoupled, and robust estimation methods. Weighted least squares is commonly used but can have numerical instability issues. Decoupled state estimation approximates the gain matrix for faster computation. Robust estimation uses M-estimators and other techniques to handle outliers and bad data. Dynamic state estimation applies Kalman filtering, leapfrog algorithms, and other methods to continuously monitor system states over time.
Artificial Intelligence Technique based Reactive Power Planning Incorporating...IDES Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using artificial intelligence techniques and FACTS controllers for reactive power planning in real-time power transmission systems. The paper formulates the reactive power planning problem and incorporates flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices like static VAR compensators (SVC), thyristor controlled series capacitors (TCSC), and unified power flow controllers (UPFC). Evolutionary algorithms like evolutionary programming (EP) and differential evolution (DE) are applied to find the optimal locations and settings of the FACTS controllers to minimize losses and costs. Simulation results on IEEE 30-bus and 72-bus Indian test systems show that UPFC performs best in reducing losses compared to SVC and TCSC.
Design and Performance Analysis of Genetic based PID-PSS with SVC in a Multi-...IDES Editor
Damping of power system oscillations with the help
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Optimal Placement of DG for Loss Reduction and Voltage Sag Mitigation in Radi...IDES Editor
This paper presents the need to operate the power
system economically and with optimum levels of voltages has
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distribution systems to reduce the real power losses and to
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loss reduction is important factor for utility companies because
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Line Losses in the 14-Bus Power System Network using UPFCIDES Editor
Controlling power flow in modern power systems
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power systems. Essentially the performance depends on proper
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program. This paper presents a reliable method to meet the
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Study of Structural Behaviour of Gravity Dam with Various Features of Gallery...IDES Editor
The size and shape of opening in dam causes the
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Stress concentration inside the dam increases with the opening
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Assessing Uncertainty of Pushover Analysis to Geometric ModelingIDES Editor
Pushover Analysis a popular tool for seismic
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to material model adopted, geometric model adopted, location
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analyzer. In this paper attempt has been made to assess
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Secure Multi-Party Negotiation: An Analysis for Electronic Payments in Mobile...IDES Editor
This document summarizes and analyzes secure multi-party negotiation protocols for electronic payments in mobile computing. It presents a framework for secure multi-party decision protocols using lightweight implementations. The main focus is on synchronizing security features to avoid agreement manipulation and reduce user traffic. The paper describes negotiation between an auctioneer and bidders, showing multiparty security is better than existing systems. It analyzes the performance of encryption algorithms like ECC, XTR, and RSA for use in the multiparty negotiation protocols.
Selfish Node Isolation & Incentivation using Progressive ThresholdsIDES Editor
The problems associated with selfish nodes in
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to detect such selfish nodes. In this paper we follow an approach
of collaborative watchdog which reduces the detection
time for selfish nodes and also involves the removal of such
selfish nodes based on some progressively assessed thresholds.
The threshold gives the nodes a chance to stop misbehaving
before it is permanently deleted from the network.
The node passes through several isolation processes before it
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Various OSI Layer Attacks and Countermeasure to Enhance the Performance of WS...IDES Editor
Wireless sensor networks are networks having non
wired infrastructure and dynamic topology. In OSI model each
layer is prone to various attacks, which halts the performance
of a network .In this paper several attacks on four layers of
OSI model are discussed and security mechanism is described
to prevent attack in network layer i.e wormhole attack. In
Wormhole attack two or more malicious nodes makes a covert
channel which attracts the traffic towards itself by depicting a
low latency link and then start dropping and replaying packets
in the multi-path route. This paper proposes promiscuous mode
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wormhole attack by using Ad-hoc on demand distance vector
routing protocol (AODV) with omnidirectional antenna. The
methodology implemented notifies that the nodes which are
not participating in multi-path routing generates an alarm
message during delay and then detects and isolate the
malicious node from network. We also notice that not only
the same kind of attacks but also the same kind of
countermeasures can appear in multiple layer. For example,
misbehavior detection techniques can be applied to almost all
the layers we discussed.
Responsive Parameter based an AntiWorm Approach to Prevent Wormhole Attack in...IDES Editor
The recent advancements in the wireless technology
and their wide-spread deployment have made remarkable
enhancements in efficiency in the corporate and industrial
and Military sectors The increasing popularity and usage of
wireless technology is creating a need for more secure wireless
Ad hoc networks. This paper aims researched and developed
a new protocol that prevents wormhole attacks on a ad hoc
network. A few existing protocols detect wormhole attacks but
they require highly specialized equipment not found on most
wireless devices. This paper aims to develop a defense against
wormhole attacks as an Anti-worm protocol which is based on
responsive parameters, that does not require as a significant
amount of specialized equipment, trick clock synchronization,
no GPS dependencies.
Cloud Security and Data Integrity with Client Accountability FrameworkIDES Editor
This document summarizes a proposed cloud security and data integrity framework that provides client accountability. The framework aims to address issues like lack of user control over cloud data, need for data transparency and tracking, and ensuring data integrity. It proposes using JAR (Java Archive) files for data sharing due to benefits like portability. The framework incorporates client-side verification using MD5 hashing, digital signature-based authentication of JAR files, and use of HMAC to ensure data integrity. It also uses password-based encryption of log files to keep them tamper-proof. The framework is intended to provide both accountability and security for data sharing in cloud environments.
Genetic Algorithm based Layered Detection and Defense of HTTP BotnetIDES Editor
A System state in HTTP botnet uses HTTP protocol
for the creation of chain of Botnets thereby compromising
other systems. By using HTTP protocol and port number 80,
attacks can not only be hidden but also pass through the
firewall without being detected. The DPR based detection
leads to better analysis of botnet attacks [3]. However, it
provides only probabilistic detection of the attacker and also
time consuming and error prone. This paper proposes a Genetic
algorithm based layered approach for detecting as well as
preventing botnet attacks. The paper reviews p2p firewall
implementation which forms the basis of filtering.
Performance evaluation is done based on precision, F-value
and probability. Layered approach reduces the computation
and overall time requirement [7]. Genetic algorithm promises
a low false positive rate.
Enhancing Data Storage Security in Cloud Computing Through SteganographyIDES Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method for enhancing data security in cloud computing through steganography. The method hides user data in digital images stored on cloud servers. When data needs to be accessed, it is extracted from the images. The document outlines the cloud architecture and security issues addressed. It then describes the proposed system architecture, security model, and data storage and retrieval process. Data is partitioned and hidden in multiple images to improve security. The goal is to prevent unauthorized access to user data stored on cloud servers.
The main tasks of a Wireless Sensor Network
(WSN) are data collection from its nodes and communication
of this data to the base station (BS). The protocols used for
communication among the WSN nodes and between the WSN
and the BS, must consider the resource constraints of nodes,
battery energy, computational capabilities and memory. The
WSN applications involve unattended operation of the network
over an extended period of time. In order to extend the lifetime
of a WSN, efficient routing protocols need to be adopted. The
proposed low power routing protocol based on tree-based
network structure reliably forwards the measured data towards
the BS using TDMA. An energy consumption analysis of the
WSN making use of this protocol is also carried out. It is
found that the network is energy efficient with an average
duty cycle of 0:7% for the WSN nodes. The OmNET++
simulation platform along with MiXiM framework is made
use of.
Permutation of Pixels within the Shares of Visual Cryptography using KBRP for...IDES Editor
The security of authentication of internet based
co-banking services should not be susceptible to high risks.
The passwords are highly vulnerable to virus attacks due to
the lack of high end embedding of security methods. In order
for the passwords to be more secure, people are generally
compelled to select jumbled up character based passwords
which are not only less memorable but are also equally prone
to insecurity. Multiple use of distributed shares has been
studied to solve the problem of authentication by algorithms
based on thresholding of pixels in image processing and visual
cryptography concepts where the subset of shares is considered
for the recovery of the original image for authentication using
correlation function[1][2].The main disadvantage in the above
study is the plain storage of shares and also one of the shares
is being supplied to the customer, which will lead to the
possibility of misuse by a third party. This paper proposes a
technique for scrambling of pixels by key based random
permutation (KBRP) within the shares before the
authentication has been attempted. Total number of shares to
be created is dependent on the multiplicity of ownership of
the account. By this method the problem of uncertainty among
the customers with regard to security, storage, retrieval of
holding of half of the shares is minimized.
This paper presents a trifocal Rotman Lens Design
approach. The effects of focal ratio and element spacing on
the performance of Rotman Lens are described. A three beam
prototype feeding 4 element antenna array working in L-band
has been simulated using RLD v1.7 software. Simulated
results show that the simulated lens has a return loss of –
12.4dB at 1.8GHz. Beam to array port phase error variation
with change in the focal ratio and element spacing has also
been investigated.
Band Clustering for the Lossless Compression of AVIRIS Hyperspectral ImagesIDES Editor
Hyperspectral images can be efficiently compressed
through a linear predictive model, as for example the one
used in the SLSQ algorithm. In this paper we exploit this
predictive model on the AVIRIS images by individuating,
through an off-line approach, a common subset of bands, which
are not spectrally related with any other bands. These bands
are not useful as prediction reference for the SLSQ 3-D
predictive model and we need to encode them via other
prediction strategies which consider only spatial correlation.
We have obtained this subset by clustering the AVIRIS bands
via the clustering by compression approach. The main result
of this paper is the list of the bands, not related with the
others, for AVIRIS images. The clustering trees obtained for
AVIRIS and the relationship among bands they depict is also
an interesting starting point for future research.
Microelectronic Circuit Analogous to Hydrogen Bonding Network in Active Site ...IDES Editor
A microelectronic circuit of block-elements
functionally analogous to two hydrogen bonding networks is
investigated. The hydrogen bonding networks are extracted
from â-lactamase protein and are formed in its active site.
Each hydrogen bond of the network is described in equivalent
electrical circuit by three or four-terminal block-element.
Each block-element is coded in Matlab. Static and dynamic
analyses are performed. The resultant microelectronic circuit
analogous to the hydrogen bonding network operates as
current mirror, sine pulse source, triangular pulse source as
well as signal modulator.
Texture Unit based Monocular Real-world Scene Classification using SOM and KN...IDES Editor
In this paper a method is proposed to discriminate
real world scenes in to natural and manmade scenes of similar
depth. Global-roughness of a scene image varies as a function
of image-depth. Increase in image depth leads to increase in
roughness in manmade scenes; on the contrary natural scenes
exhibit smooth behavior at higher image depth. This particular
arrangement of pixels in scene structure can be well explained
by local texture information in a pixel and its neighborhood.
Our proposed method analyses local texture information of a
scene image using texture unit matrix. For final classification
we have used both supervised and unsupervised learning using
K-Nearest Neighbor classifier (KNN) and Self Organizing
Map (SOM) respectively. This technique is useful for online
classification due to very less computational complexity.
inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham HillLizaNolte
HERE IS YOUR WEBINAR CONTENT! 'Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr. Graham Hill'. We hope you find the webinar recording both insightful and enjoyable.
In this webinar, we explored essential aspects of Customer Journey Management and personalization. Here’s a summary of the key insights and topics discussed:
Key Takeaways:
Understanding the Customer Journey: Dr. Hill emphasized the importance of mapping and understanding the complete customer journey to identify touchpoints and opportunities for improvement.
Personalization Strategies: We discussed how to leverage data and insights to create personalized experiences that resonate with customers.
Technology Integration: Insights were shared on how inQuba’s advanced technology can streamline customer interactions and drive operational efficiency.
"Scaling RAG Applications to serve millions of users", Kevin GoedeckeFwdays
How we managed to grow and scale a RAG application from zero to thousands of users in 7 months. Lessons from technical challenges around managing high load for LLMs, RAGs and Vector databases.
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Keywords: AI, Containeres, Kubernetes, Cloud Native
Event Link: https://meine.doag.org/events/cloudland/2024/agenda/#agendaId.4211
Introducing BoxLang : A new JVM language for productivity and modularity!Ortus Solutions, Corp
Just like life, our code must adapt to the ever changing world we live in. From one day coding for the web, to the next for our tablets or APIs or for running serverless applications. Multi-runtime development is the future of coding, the future is to be dynamic. Let us introduce you to BoxLang.
Dynamic. Modular. Productive.
BoxLang redefines development with its dynamic nature, empowering developers to craft expressive and functional code effortlessly. Its modular architecture prioritizes flexibility, allowing for seamless integration into existing ecosystems.
Interoperability at its Core
With 100% interoperability with Java, BoxLang seamlessly bridges the gap between traditional and modern development paradigms, unlocking new possibilities for innovation and collaboration.
Multi-Runtime
From the tiny 2m operating system binary to running on our pure Java web server, CommandBox, Jakarta EE, AWS Lambda, Microsoft Functions, Web Assembly, Android and more. BoxLang has been designed to enhance and adapt according to it's runnable runtime.
The Fusion of Modernity and Tradition
Experience the fusion of modern features inspired by CFML, Node, Ruby, Kotlin, Java, and Clojure, combined with the familiarity of Java bytecode compilation, making BoxLang a language of choice for forward-thinking developers.
Empowering Transition with Transpiler Support
Transitioning from CFML to BoxLang is seamless with our JIT transpiler, facilitating smooth migration and preserving existing code investments.
Unlocking Creativity with IDE Tools
Unleash your creativity with powerful IDE tools tailored for BoxLang, providing an intuitive development experience and streamlining your workflow. Join us as we embark on a journey to redefine JVM development. Welcome to the era of BoxLang.
"What does it really mean for your system to be available, or how to define w...Fwdays
We will talk about system monitoring from a few different angles. We will start by covering the basics, then discuss SLOs, how to define them, and why understanding the business well is crucial for success in this exercise.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
ScyllaDB is making a major architecture shift. We’re moving from vNode replication to tablets – fragments of tables that are distributed independently, enabling dynamic data distribution and extreme elasticity. In this keynote, ScyllaDB co-founder and CTO Avi Kivity explains the reason for this shift, provides a look at the implementation and roadmap, and shares how this shift benefits ScyllaDB users.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
Session 1 - Intro to Robotic Process Automation.pdfUiPathCommunity
👉 Check out our full 'Africa Series - Automation Student Developers (EN)' page to register for the full program:
https://bit.ly/Automation_Student_Kickstart
In this session, we shall introduce you to the world of automation, the UiPath Platform, and guide you on how to install and setup UiPath Studio on your Windows PC.
📕 Detailed agenda:
What is RPA? Benefits of RPA?
RPA Applications
The UiPath End-to-End Automation Platform
UiPath Studio CE Installation and Setup
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Introduction to Automation
UiPath Business Automation Platform
Explore automation development with UiPath Studio
👉 Register here for our upcoming Session 2 on June 20: Introduction to UiPath Studio Fundamentals: https://community.uipath.com/events/details/uipath-lagos-presents-session-2-introduction-to-uipath-studio-fundamentals/
This talk will cover ScyllaDB Architecture from the cluster-level view and zoom in on data distribution and internal node architecture. In the process, we will learn the secret sauce used to get ScyllaDB's high availability and superior performance. We will also touch on the upcoming changes to ScyllaDB architecture, moving to strongly consistent metadata and tablets.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.