The document is a survey of dynamic resource allocation strategies in cloud computing, highlighting various techniques and their performance for efficiently distributing cloud resources based on user demands. It discusses approaches to address challenges such as resource contention, fragmentation, and efficiency in different cloud environments. Key topics include virtualization technology, market-driven dynamic adjustments, and priority-based resource allocation models for optimizing resource utilization.

1. International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research
Volume 2– Issue 6, 731 - 737, 2013
Survey on Dynamic Resource Allocation Strategy in
Cloud Computing Environment
N.Krishnaveni
Dept. of CSE
Erode Sengunthar Engineering College
Thudupathi, India
G.Sivakumar
Dept. of CSE
Erode Sengunthar Engineering College
Thudupathi, India
Abstract-Cloud computing becomes quite popular among cloud users by offering a variety of resources. This is an on demand
service because it offers dynamic flexible resource allocation and guaranteed services in pay as-you-use manner to public. In this
paper, we present the several dynamic resource allocation techniques and its performance. This paper provides detailed
description of the dynamic resource allocation technique in cloud for cloud users and comparative study provides the clear detail
about the different techniques.
Keywords: Cloud computing, Dynamic Resource Allocation, Cloud users, Resources, Data center, Virtual machine
1. INTRODUCTION
Virtualization technology
Cloud computing allows customers to scale up and down
their resources based on needs. Cloud computing technology
makes the resources as a single point of access to the client
and cost is pay per usage. Cloud computing is a computing
technology, where a pool of resources are connected in
private and public networks and to provide these
dynamically scalable infrastructure for application. Cloud
computing is not application oriented and this is a service
oriented. It offers the virtualized resources to the cloud
users. Cloud computing provide dynamic provisioning and
thus can allocate machines to store data and add or remove
the machines according to the workload demands. Cloud
computing platforms such as, those provided by Microsoft,
Amazon, Google, IBM. Cloud computing is an environment
for sharing resources without the knowledge of the
infrastructure and can makes it possible to access the
applications and its associated data from anywhere at any
time.
Cloud computing is based on the virtualization technology.
Virtualization technology is used to allocate the data center
resources dynamically based on the application demands.
Cloud environment provide the four types of cloud.

Public cloud

Private cloud

Hybrid cloud

Community cloud
Virtualization having two types,


Virtual machine live migration technology makes it
possible to mapping between the virtual machines (VMs)
and the physical machines (PMs) while applications are
running. Live migration increase the resource utilization
and provide the better performance result.
2. RESOURCE ALLOCATION
In cloud computing, Resource allocation is the process of
assigning available resources to the needed cloud
applications. Cloud resources can be provisioned on demand
in a fine-grained, multiplexed manner. In cloud the resource
allocation is based on the infrastructure as a service (IaaS).In
cloud platforms, resource allocation takes place at two
levels:

Software as a service(Saas)

Platform as a service(Paas)

Infrastructure as a service(IaaS)
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Full virtualization
Live migration
Cloud computing offers three types of services

Para virtualization

when an application is uploaded to the cloud, the
load balancer assigns the requested instances to
physical computers, to balance the computational
load of multiple applications across physical
computers
When an application receives multiple incoming
requests, these requests should be assigned to a
specific application instance to balance the
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2. International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research
Volume 2– Issue 6, 731 - 737, 2013
computational load across a set of instances of the
same application
Resource allocation techniques should satisfy the following
criteria:

Resource contention arises when two applications
try to access the same resource at the same time

Resource fragmentation arises when the resources
are isolated. There would be enough resources but
cannot allocate it to the needed application due to
fragmentation.

Scarcity of resources arises when there are limited
resources and the demand for resources is high

The multiple applications needed different types of
resources such as cpu,memory,I/O devices and the
technique should satisfy that request

Over provisioning of resources arises when the
application gets surplus resources than the
demanded one
Slice handler: It is activated to equally scale the amount of
resources allocated to tasks.
Event handler: It is used for resource redistribution upon the
events of task arrival and completion.
Multi Range Query Protocol:
This algorithm used to locate qualified nodes in the SOC
environment; we design a fully-decentralized range query
protocol, namely pointer-gossiping CAN (PG-CAN), DOPS
to find the qualified resources with minimized contention
among requesters based on task’s demand. It is unique in
that for each task, there is only one query message
propagated in the network during the entire discovery.
Range query protocol proactively diffuses resource
indexes over the network and randomly route query
messages among nodes to locate qualified ones that satisfy
tasks’ minimal demands. To avoid possibly uneven load
distribution and abrupt resource over-utilization caused by
un-coordinated node selection process from autonomous
Participants.
3. RESEARCH ISSUES IN DYNAMIC
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
TECHNIQUES
Dynamic Resource Allocation for Spot
Markets in Clouds
In this paper we have analyzed some of the dynamic
resource allocation techniques in cloud environment
Dynamic Optimization of Multi-Attribute
Resource Allocation in Self-Organizing
Clouds
In Existing system generate the more messages for a single
request. The proposed system using the SOC and it achieves
the maximized resource utilization and it also delivers
optimal execution efficacy.
SOC:
SOC connect a large number of desktop computers on the
internet by P2P network. Each participating computer act as
a resource provider and resource consumer.
SOC having two main issues:

Locating a qualified node to satisfy a user task’s
resource demand with bounded delay

To optimize a task’s execution time by
determining the optimal shares of the multiattribute resources to allocate to the tasks with
various QoS constraints, such as the expected
execution time
Algorithm:

Dynamic optimal proportional share

Multi range query protocol
DOPS:
This algorithm used to redistribute available resources
among running tasks dynamically, such that these tasks
could use up the maximum capacity of each resource in a
node, while each task’s execution time can be further
minimized.
Procedures:
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As a demand of each VM type can fluctuate independently at
run time, it becomes a problem to dynamically allocate data
center resources to each spot market to maximize cloud
provider’s total revenue.
We present a solution to this problem that consists of 2 parts:

Market analysis for forecasting the demand for
each spot market

A dynamic scheduling and consolidation
mechanism that allocate resource to each spot
market to maximize total revenue.
Cloud providers specify a fixed price for each type of VM
offerings.

When total demand is much lower than data center
capacity, the data center becomes under-utilized,
i.e., the cloud provider is to encourage customers
to submit more requests.

When total demand rises over the data center
capacity, it is desirable for the cloud provider to
motivate the customers to reduce their demand.
A promising solution to this problem is to use market
economy to reshape the demand by dynamically adjusting
the price of each VM type.

When total demand is high, the mechanism raises
the price to ensure resources are allocated to users
who value them the most.

When total demand is low, the mechanism lowers
the prices and provides incentive for customers to
increase their demand.
Dynamic resource allocation framework consists of the
following components:
Market Analyzer:

Analyze the market situation and forecast the
future demand and supply level

Predict the future demands use AR(auto regressive
model)
Capacity planner:
Capacity planner decide the expected price of each VM
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3. International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research
Volume 2– Issue 6, 731 - 737, 2013
Different pricing schemes:
In the fixed pricing scheme, price of a VM type does not
vary with the current supply and demand.
In the uniform pricing scheme, the price of a VM type is
adjustable at run-time.
VM scheduler:

Make online scheduling decision for revenue
maximization

Dynamic resource allocation policy has the
multiple machine configuration and this will
amplified when the demand pattern changes over
the time.
Dynamic Resource Allocation Using
Virtual Machines for Cloud Computing
Environment
Cloud computing allows business customers to scale up and
down their resource usage based on needs. In this paper,
using virtualization technology to allocate data center
resources dynamically based on application demands and
support green computing by optimizing the number of
servers in use
Technique:
1.
Virtualization technology
2.
Skewness
3. Design a load prediction algorithm that can capture the
future resource usages of applications accurately without
looking inside the VMs.
Load prediction algorithm:
Exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA): Predict
the CPU load and we measure the load every minute and
predict the load in the next minute.
Heterogeneity-Aware Resource Allocation
and Scheduling in the Cloud
In cloud computing environment data analytics are the key
applications and it should be account for the heterogeneity of
environments and workloads. In cloud computing
environment does not provide the fairness among jobs when
multiple jobs share the cluster. In Proposed, Resource
allocation on a data analytics system in the cloud to hold the
heterogeneity of the underlying platforms and workloads and
the architecture shows how to allocate resources to a data
analytics cluster in the cloud.
Technique:
Data analytic cluster: Data analytics workloads have
heterogeneous resource demands because some workloads
may be CPU whereas others are I/O-intensive. In cloud
various resource demands of data analytics workloads, we
scale the cluster according to demands.
Goals:
For scaling process the resource allocation strategy having
two levels
Overload avoidance: The capacity of a PM should be
sufficient to satisfy the resource needs of all VMs running on
it.
(1) Divides machines into two pools - core nodes and
accelerator nodes
Green computing: The number of PMs used should be
minimized as long as they can still satisfy the needs of all
VMs. Idle PMs can be turned off to save energy.
Virtualization technology: This technology used to allocate
datacenter resources based on the application demands.
Skewness: This is used to measure the unevenness
multidimensional resource utilization of a server. To
minimizing skewness, we can combine different types of
workloads.
Skewness can be measured based on,
Hot spot: If the utilization of any of its resources is above a
hot threshold. This indicates that the server is overloaded
and hence some VMs running on it should be migrated
away.
Cold spot: If the utilizations of all its resources are below a
cold threshold. This indicates that the server is mostly idle
and a potential candidate to turn off to save energy.
Achieve the goals to make the following contributions,
1. Develop a resource allocation system that can avoid
overload in the system
2. skewness to measure the uneven utilization of a server.
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(2) Dynamically adjusts the size of each pool to reduce cost
or improve utilization.
Data analytic cloud contains the components are,
Core nodes: Host the data and computations
Accelerator nodes: This is added to the cluster temporarily
when additional computing power needed.
Analytic engine:Runs the application both the pools
Cloud driver:

This manages the nodes allocated to the analytic
cloud and decides when to add/remove what type
of nodes to/from which pool.

The user submits the job to the cloud driver with
the hints about the job.Cloud driver keeps the
history of routinely processed query, this is used to
estimate the submission query and update the hints
provided.

This is also monitor the storage system to estimate
the incoming data rate. This will predict the
resource requirements to process queries and to
store data.

Many productions query are submitted with tight
deadlines, the cloud driver will add the nodes to
the accelerator pool temporarily to handle the job
rather than allocating more core nodes.
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4. International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research
Volume 2– Issue 6, 731 - 737, 2013

When adding nodes, the cloud driver makes the
decision on which resource container to use.
Priority Based Resource Allocation Model
for Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is a model which enables on demand
network access to a shared pool computing resources. A
cloud environment consists of multiple customers requesting
for resources in a dynamic environment with possible
constraints. In existing system cloud computing, allocating
the resource efficiently is a challenging job. The cloud does
not show the Qos, SLA.
This paper proposed allocates resource with
minimum wastage and provides maximum profit. The
developed resource allocation algorithm is based on different
parameters like time, cost, No of processor request etc.
Algorithm:
Priority algorithm:
Priority algorithm that mainly decides priority among
different user request based on many parameters like cost of
resource, time needed to access, task type, number of
processors needed to run the job or task.
Resource Allocation Model:
In this model client send the request to the cloud server. The
cloud service provider runs the task submitted by the client.
The cloud admin decides the priority among the different
users request.
Each request consists of different task and it have the
different parameters such as ,
Time- computation time needed to complete the particular
task,
Processor request- refers to number of processors needed to
run the task. More the number of processor, faster will be the
completion of task.
Importance- refers to how important the user to a cloud
administrator (admin) that is whether the user is old
customer to cloud or new customer.
Price- refers to cost charged by cloud admin to cloud users.
Survey on Resource Allocation Strategies
in Cloud Computing
In cloud computing, the important problem is to manage the
Qos and to maintain the SLA for cloud users that share cloud
resources. In this paper proposed Dynamic resource
allocation can be based on,
1. Topology Aware Resource Allocation (TARA)
2. Linear scheduling strategy
3.Dynamic resource allocation for parallel data processing
Topology Aware Resource Allocation (TARA):
This allocation scheme based on the Iaas cloud systems. IaaS
systems are usually unaware of the hosted application’s
requirements and therefore allocate resources independently
of its needs.
Overcome this problem this method using the prediction
engine and genetic algorithm based search.
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Prediction engine with lightweight simulator to estimate the
performance of the given resource allocation.
Genetic algorithm based search technique that allows TARA
to guide the prediction engine
Linear scheduling strategy:
Linear Scheduling performs tasks and resources scheduling
respectively. Here, a server node is used to establish the IaaS
cloud environment and KVM/Xen virtualization with LSTR
scheduling to allocate resources which maximize the system
throughput and resource utilization.
Dynamic resource allocation for parallel data processing:
This technique used to allocate and deallocate the resources
from a cloud during job execution. Some of the particular
task can be assigned to different types of virtual machines
and these task are automatically instantiated and terminated
during job execution.
Survey on Resource Allocation Strategies
in Cloud Computing (2012)
In cloud computing, the important problem is to manage the
Qos and to maintain the SLA for cloud users that share cloud
resources.
In cloud computing there are many RAS techniques,
Execution time: Estimating the execution time for a job is a
hard task for a user and errors are made very often. This
paper proposed technique is matchmaking strategy and it is
based on Any-Schedulability criteria for assigning jobs to
resources in heterogeneous environment.
Policy: This is based on the two levels: security and
processor.
Security policy proposed a decentralized user and
virtualized resource management for IaaS by adding a new
layer called domain in between the user and the virtualized
resources. Based on role based access control (RBAC),
virtualized resources are allocated to users through domain
layer.
Processor policy for resource allocation means the job is
allocates to the cluter,then the number of processor needed
for the subsequent job allocation. The number of processors
in each cluster is binary compatible. Job migration is
required when load sharing activities occur.
Virtual machine:The dynamic availability of infrastructure
resources and dynamic application demand, a virtual
computation environment is able to automatically relocate
itself across the infrastructure and scale its resources in
cloud environment. This is also based on the load, cost,
speed and the type of application.
Utility function: Dynamically manage VMs in IaaS by
optimizing some objective function such as minimizing cost
function, cost performance function and meeting QoS
objectives. The objective function is defined as Utility
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5. International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research
Volume 2– Issue 6, 731 - 737, 2013
property which is selected based on measures of response
time, number of QoS, targets met and profit.
Hardware Resource Dependency:Improve the hardware
utilization, we propose the Multiple Job Optimization (MJO)
scheduler. Jobs can be classified by hardware-resource
dependency such as CPU, Network I/O, Disk I/O and
memory bound. MJO scheduler can detect the type of jobs
and parallel jobs of different categories. Based on the
categories, resources are allocated.
Auction:In this method the cloud provider collects the user’s
proposals and determines the price. This not provides the
more profit. This achieved by using market based resource
allocation strategy. Dynamically adjust the resources in
single VM according to various resource requirements of
workloads.
SLA:RAS to focusing on SLA has driven user based QoS
parameters to maximize the profit for SaaS providers. The
mappings of customer requests in to infrastructure level
parameters and policies that minimize the cost by optimizing
the resource allocation within a VM.
Idle desktop systems are frequently left powered, often
because of applications that maintain network presence. Idle
PC consumes up to 60% of its peak power desktop VM often
large requiring gigabytes of memory. These VM creates bulk
transfer and utilize server memory inefficiently. In existing
technique using the ballooning method, this not ensures the
quick resume and provides the strain to the network.
Proposed system: Using the partial VM migration
technique. This migrates only the working set of an idle
VM.it allows user applications to maintain the network
presence while the desktop sleeps and to transfer the
execution of an Idle VM and it fetches the VM’s memory
and disk state on –demand.
Partial migration leverages two insights:


A Dynamic Resource Allocation Methods
for Parallel Data Processing
Nephele is the first data processing framework to explicitly
exploit the dynamic and probably heterogeneous. In existing
system the resource overload is high. The proposed system
increases the efficacy of the scheduling algorithm for the
real time cloud computing services. The algorithm utilizes
the turnaround time utility efficiently by differentiating it
into a gain function for a single task.
The algorithm assigns high priority for early
completion task and less priority for abortions/deadlines.
Cloud computing performance can be improved by,
Associate each task with the time utility function
(TUF).this is not important to measure the profit when
completing a job in time but also account the penalty when a
job is aborted or discarded.
In nephele architecture, the client submits the task
job manager. Job manager allocate and deallocate VMs.
VMS can be differentiated based on the instance type. For
example,”m1.small” is a instance type means, it refers 1 cpu
core, 1GB RAM, 128GB disk. The task manager receive
tasks from the job manager at a time and decides how many
and what type of instances job should be executed. The
algorithm proves,

Preemptive scheduling provides the maximum
profit than the non-preemptive scheduling.

Non-Preemptive
scheduling
provides
the
maximum penalty than the preemptive scheduling.
Efficient Idle Desktop Consolidation with
Partial VM Migration
www.ijcat.com
First, the working set of an idle VM is small, often
more than an order of magnitude smaller than the
total memory allocated to the VM.
Second, rather than waiting until all state has been
transferred to the server before going to sleep for
long durations, the desktop can save energy by
micro sleeping early and often, whenever the
remote partial VM has no outstanding on-demand
request for state.
Working set migration: when consolidating a VM from the
desktop to the server, partial VM migration transfers
memory state only as the VM requires for its execution.
State Access Traces
Mean Memory working set was only 165.63 MiB
with standard deviation of 91.38MiB.
The mean size of disk access during idle times was
1.16 MiB with standard deviation of 5.75MiB.
Heuristic Based Resource Allocation Using
Virtual Machine Migration: A Cloud
Computing Perspective
Virtualization and VM migration capabilities enable the data
center to consolidate their computing services and use
minimal number of physical servers.
In previous works, the issue of SLA violation has not
received thorough analysis. In this work, we devise an
algorithm that will keep the migration time minimum as well
as minimizing the number of migrations. This will play a
major role in avoiding the performance degradation
encountered by a migrating VM.
The main aim is to placing the virtual machine using the
technique bin packing algorithm and gradient search
technique. The heuristic based VM migration scenario is
partitioned as follows:

Determining when a physical server is considered
to be overloaded requiring live migration of one or
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6. International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research
Volume 2– Issue 6, 731 - 737, 2013
more VMs from the physical server under
consideration.

Determining when a physical server is considered
as being under loaded hence it becomes a good
candidate for hosting VMs that are being migrated
from overloaded physical servers.

Selection of VMs that should be migrated from an
overloaded physical server. VM selection policy
(algorithm) has to be applied to carry out the
selection process.

Finding a new placement of the VMs selected for
migration from the overload and physical servers
and finding the best physical
This empirical study seeks to achieve the following goals:

Carrying out the live migration of VMs in a
manner that preserves free resources in order to
prevent SLA violations

Optimal utilization of resources

Performing minimal number of migrations to the
extent possible

Efficient server consolidation through VM
migrations
4. COMPARISON OF THE DYNAMIC
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
TECHNIQUE
TITLE
ADVANTAGE
Dynamic
Optimization of
Multi-Attribute
Resource
Allocation
in
Self Organizing
Cloud
Locating
qualify
nodes and optimize
task execution time
Priority Based
Resource
Allocation
Model
for
Cloud
Computing
Resource wastage is
minimized
Dynamic
Resource
Allocation
Using Virtual
Machine
for
Cloud
Computing
Environment
www.ijcat.com
PARAMETE
R RESULT
Throughput
Ratio:
60%
improvement
Server overload
minimized
is
Parameters:
No.of
users,
Time to run,
No.of
processor, job
type, User type
Migration of
VM
for
resource
Requirement
Survey
on
Resource
Allocation
Strategies
in
Cloud
Computing(201
3)
It should maintain the
SLA and also manage
the Qos
Strategies:
Virtual
machine,SLA,u
tility
Heterogeneity
Aware
Resource
Allocation
In
Cloud
Provide the fairness
among jobs when
multiple jobs
are submitted
The result is
based on the
Instance Type
Ex:m1.small
Overload is avoided
Gain utility:
Preemptive>N
on-Preemptive
Penalty:
Non
Preemptive>
preemptive
Efficient
Idle
Desktop
Consolidation
with Partial VM
Migration
This migrates only
working set of an idle
VM
This
can
deliver
the
85%to 104% of
the
energy
saving
compare full
VM migration
Survey
on
Resource
Allocation
in
Cloud
Computing
Heuristic Based
Resource
Allocation
Using Virtual
Machine
Migration:
A
Cloud
Computing
Perspective
Dynamic
Resource
Allocation for
Spot Market in
Cloud
This
avoids
the
resource contention
and
scarcity
of
resources
Technique:
Topology
aware resource
allocation
Less SLA violation
and less performance
degradation
Average:
SLA violation
Is reduced to
17.64 to
16.44
Dynamic
Resource
Allocation for
Parallel
Data
Processing in
cloud
Total
revenue
maximized
is
Income:15173.
28
Loss:1083.63
NetIncome:140
89.65
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Volume 2– Issue 6, 731 - 737, 2013
5. COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE
EVALUATION
7. REFERENCES
[1] Ronak Patel, Sanjay Patel” Survey on Resource
Allocation
Strategies
in
Cloud
Computing”
International Journal of Engineering Research &
Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 2, Feb- 2013
[2] K C Gouda, Radhika T V, Akshatha M,” Priority based
resource allocation model for Cloud computing”
International Journal of Science, Engineering and
Technology Research (IJSETR)Volume 2, Issue 1,
January 2013.
[3] Gunho Leey, Byung-Gon Chunz, Randy H. Katzy,”
Heterogeneity-Aware Resource Allocation and
Scheduling in the Cloud”, IJERT-2012.
[4] Nilton Bilay, Eyal de Laray, Kaustubh Joshi_, H.
Andr´es Lagar-Cavilla ,Matti Hiltunen_ and Mahadev
Satyanarayananz,” Efficient Idle Desktop Consolidation
with Partial VM Migration”, Journal of computer
application-2012.
Fig.1 Overload of the server
[5] Venkatesa Kumar, V. And S. Palaniswami,” A
Dynamic Resource Allocation Method for Parallel data
processing in Cloud Computing”, Journal of Computer
Science 8 (5): 780-788, 2012.
[6] Sheng Di and Cho-Li Wang,” Dynamic Optimization of
Multi-Attribute Resource Allocation in Self-Organizing
Clouds”, IEEE Transactions on parallel and distributed
systems, - 2013.
[7] V.Vinothina, Dr.R.Sridaran, Dr.padmavathiganapathi,”
A Survey on Resource Allocation Strategies in Cloud
Computing “International Journal of Advanced
Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 3, No.6,
2012.
[8] Qi Zhang, Eren G¨urses, Raouf Boutaba, Jin Xiao,”
Dynamic Resource Allocation for Spot Markets in
Clouds”, Journal of computer science-2012.
Fig.2 Energy saving based on VM migration
6. CONCLUSION
This paper addresses the theoretic study of various dynamic
resource allocation techniques in cloud environment. The
detail description of the techniques is summarized and also
summarizes the advantages with parameters of the various
techniques in cloud computing environment.
[9] Zhen Xiao, Senior Member, IEEE, Weijia Song, and Qi
Chen,” Dynamic Resource Allocation Using Virtual
Machines for Cloud Computing Environment”, IEEE
Transactions on parallel and distributed systems, vol.
24, no. 6, June 2013.
[10] Ts`epomofolo, R Suchithra,” Heuristic Based Resource
Allocation Using Virtual Machine Migration: A Cloud
Computing Perspective”, International Refereed Journal
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www.ijcat.com
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