o Spatially explicit data from various contexts in Indonesia shows that a very specific understanding of drivers of deforestation and recovery of tree cover is needed as they vary from context to context. Specific leverage points can be identified by understanding this interconnectedness and variation amongst the drivers
Using Qualitative Methods to Ground Culture in the Evaluation of Environmental Programs. Presented at the American Evaluation Association's Evaluation 2015 Conference. Credit:
- Cynthia Caron, Clark University and The Cloudburst Group
- Stephanie Fenner, The Cloudburst Group
Learn more: http://bit.ly/TCGcbfp
The Costs of Maintaining (& Not Maintaining) TreesSusan Stafford
What do we really know–and not know–about the costs of performing less than optimal maintenance? How do investments in structural pruning, health care, mulching and even watering maintenance practices stack up against the cost of NOT providing optimal levels of maintenance for urban trees? Analysis of data from the literature review includes risk assessment, pest economics, IPM, costs of removal and tree mortality.
Using Qualitative Methods to Ground Culture in the Evaluation of Environmental Programs. Presented at the American Evaluation Association's Evaluation 2015 Conference. Credit:
- Cynthia Caron, Clark University and The Cloudburst Group
- Stephanie Fenner, The Cloudburst Group
Learn more: http://bit.ly/TCGcbfp
The Costs of Maintaining (& Not Maintaining) TreesSusan Stafford
What do we really know–and not know–about the costs of performing less than optimal maintenance? How do investments in structural pruning, health care, mulching and even watering maintenance practices stack up against the cost of NOT providing optimal levels of maintenance for urban trees? Analysis of data from the literature review includes risk assessment, pest economics, IPM, costs of removal and tree mortality.
Scanning the landscape by Ryan Rosauro for Mindanao Leg of Philippine Press Institute Seminar on Environmental Reporting at Almont Inland Hotel, Butuan City
Expert consultation on methodology for an information system on rural livelihoods and Sustainable Development Goals indicators on smallholder productivity and income 7 - 8 December, FAO headquarters
Zelalem Lema, Beth Cullen, Aberra Adie, Gerba Leta, Elias Damtew
Africa RISING Training Workshop on Innovation Platforms
Addis Ababa, 23-24 January 2014
Presentation by the Foundation for Ecological Security at “Commons tenure for a common future” Discussion Forum on the first day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
Rural Household Assets and Livelihood Options: Insights from Sululta District...Premier Publishers
Rural livelihood activities become increasingly diversified. This study examined the assets and livelihood choices of rural households. Employing mixed research approach, data for this investigation was generated from 215 randomly selected survey respondents, key informants and discussants. Descriptive statistics were used to identify asset endowments and livelihood activities while multinomial logistic regression was employed to examine assets that determine choices of different livelihood options. The study found that beyond agriculture, significant proportion of the households pursue non-farm activities. Survey result shows that about 38 percent of the respondents integrate agricultural and non-farm activities. Some available non-farm activities are associated with employment in factories in the area such as Derba cement. Results of Multinomial logistic regression show that diversification of households is resulted from pushing factors in agriculture than attractive rural non-farm employment. Diminishing farm size, and large dependency ratio necessitated way out of subsistence farming. Rural land poor pursue less rewarding wage employment activities while farmers who have more asset base were found to integrate farming to non-farm sources of income such as trade. Functional literacy, life skill training, access to credit, and access to market were found to positively influence livelihood combinations of respondents. This calls for rural development policies to articulate integrated rural employment and asset development intervention which support rural people to construct viable livelihoods beyond agriculture.
Urbanisation is the challenge of the future. Sustainable cities is the need of the hour. This is useful for the Environmental Studies students of Grade X ICSE.
Chartres CJ (2012) Water, land and ecosystems: improved natural resource management for food security and livelihoods, ACIAR Seminar Series presentation, 25 January 2012, Canberra, Australia.
Poverty and sustainable development impacts of REDD architecture: Experiences...IIED
The presentation of Gorettie Nabanoga and Justine Namaalwa, of Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, to the IIED-hosted Innovations for equity in smallholder PES: bridging research and practice conference.
The presentation, made within the second session on new research to improve understanding of participants' preferences for different PES payment formats, focused on a group-based choice experiment approach to understand the preferences of the Ongo Community in Uganda.
The conference took place at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Edinburgh on 21 March.
Further details of the conference and IIED's work with PES are available via http://www.iied.org/conference-innovations-for-equity-smallholder-pes-highlights, and can be found via the Shaping Sustainable Markets website: http://shapingsustainablemarkets.iied.org/.
A Dominican Republic Case: Demonstrating Sustainable Land Management in the U...Iwl Pcu
The priority agenda: Keep learning how to best manage interlinkages at the operational level, through integrated project approaches. To derive local and global environmental benefits, promote sustainable development, and meet human needs.
Expert consultation on methodology for an information system on rural livelihoods and Sustainable Development Goals indicators on smallholder productivity and income 7 - 8 December, FAO headquarters
Indonesia’s deforestation: Setting reference emission levels and understandin...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation examines the complex issue of determining reference emission levels for REDD+ in Indonesia, including competing historical, modeling and forward-looking approaches.
Scanning the landscape by Ryan Rosauro for Mindanao Leg of Philippine Press Institute Seminar on Environmental Reporting at Almont Inland Hotel, Butuan City
Expert consultation on methodology for an information system on rural livelihoods and Sustainable Development Goals indicators on smallholder productivity and income 7 - 8 December, FAO headquarters
Zelalem Lema, Beth Cullen, Aberra Adie, Gerba Leta, Elias Damtew
Africa RISING Training Workshop on Innovation Platforms
Addis Ababa, 23-24 January 2014
Presentation by the Foundation for Ecological Security at “Commons tenure for a common future” Discussion Forum on the first day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
Rural Household Assets and Livelihood Options: Insights from Sululta District...Premier Publishers
Rural livelihood activities become increasingly diversified. This study examined the assets and livelihood choices of rural households. Employing mixed research approach, data for this investigation was generated from 215 randomly selected survey respondents, key informants and discussants. Descriptive statistics were used to identify asset endowments and livelihood activities while multinomial logistic regression was employed to examine assets that determine choices of different livelihood options. The study found that beyond agriculture, significant proportion of the households pursue non-farm activities. Survey result shows that about 38 percent of the respondents integrate agricultural and non-farm activities. Some available non-farm activities are associated with employment in factories in the area such as Derba cement. Results of Multinomial logistic regression show that diversification of households is resulted from pushing factors in agriculture than attractive rural non-farm employment. Diminishing farm size, and large dependency ratio necessitated way out of subsistence farming. Rural land poor pursue less rewarding wage employment activities while farmers who have more asset base were found to integrate farming to non-farm sources of income such as trade. Functional literacy, life skill training, access to credit, and access to market were found to positively influence livelihood combinations of respondents. This calls for rural development policies to articulate integrated rural employment and asset development intervention which support rural people to construct viable livelihoods beyond agriculture.
Urbanisation is the challenge of the future. Sustainable cities is the need of the hour. This is useful for the Environmental Studies students of Grade X ICSE.
Chartres CJ (2012) Water, land and ecosystems: improved natural resource management for food security and livelihoods, ACIAR Seminar Series presentation, 25 January 2012, Canberra, Australia.
Poverty and sustainable development impacts of REDD architecture: Experiences...IIED
The presentation of Gorettie Nabanoga and Justine Namaalwa, of Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, to the IIED-hosted Innovations for equity in smallholder PES: bridging research and practice conference.
The presentation, made within the second session on new research to improve understanding of participants' preferences for different PES payment formats, focused on a group-based choice experiment approach to understand the preferences of the Ongo Community in Uganda.
The conference took place at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Edinburgh on 21 March.
Further details of the conference and IIED's work with PES are available via http://www.iied.org/conference-innovations-for-equity-smallholder-pes-highlights, and can be found via the Shaping Sustainable Markets website: http://shapingsustainablemarkets.iied.org/.
A Dominican Republic Case: Demonstrating Sustainable Land Management in the U...Iwl Pcu
The priority agenda: Keep learning how to best manage interlinkages at the operational level, through integrated project approaches. To derive local and global environmental benefits, promote sustainable development, and meet human needs.
Expert consultation on methodology for an information system on rural livelihoods and Sustainable Development Goals indicators on smallholder productivity and income 7 - 8 December, FAO headquarters
Indonesia’s deforestation: Setting reference emission levels and understandin...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation examines the complex issue of determining reference emission levels for REDD+ in Indonesia, including competing historical, modeling and forward-looking approaches.
Building Smallholder Farmer Resilience to Climate Change in Africa: Building ...SIANI
There is a renewed interest in the role of agriculture at the climate change negotiations, as evidenced by a number of interesting side-events during COP 16 in Cancun. The reason is simple: Agriculture and related activities account for a third of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, most of which can be mitigated, an opportunity that policy makers simply cannot afford to miss. What’s more, some of the techniques that sequester carbon have the added advantage of building the water-retention capacity and nutrient content of soils, hence contributing to a triple-win situation where mitigation, adaptation and yield increases are all addressed.
In response to this, SIANI and Sida arranged a one-day workshop on the theme From Source to Sink: How to make Agriculture part of the Solution to Climate Change while contributing to Poverty Alleviation? The main purpose of the workshop was to link the multiple potentials of agriculture to other development goals such as over-all poverty alleviation and food security, with particular reference to the needs of smallholder farmers who make up 70% of the world’s poorest people.
Watershed/Landscape Management for Multiple Benefits and Climate Resilience ...CIFOR-ICRAF
Learn how watershed and landscape management can be made climate resilient and be designed for multiple benefits. This presentation by Sally Bunning, Senior Land/Soils officer of the FAO Land and Water Division focuses on the principles of integrated watershed management, experiences, strategy and lessons learned based on the experiences from East Africa.
CIFOR/ICRAF sloping lands in transition (SLANT) projectCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation informs viewers about the CIFOR SLANT project including its objectives and goal, current activities and the structure of the partnership.
Impact of anthropogenic activities on the emergence and spread of zoonotic di...ILRI
Presentation by Enoch Ontiri, Bernard Bett, Johanna Lindahl, Mohammed Y. Said, Shem C Kifugo and Fred Otieno at the EcoHealth 2014 conference, Montreal, Canada, 11-15 August 2014.
This presentation by Daju Pradnja Resosudarmo
focuses on all the benefits forests provide, what problems forests still face, what is causing these problems, how we can strengthen forests in the landscape and what role Sustainable Development Goals could play.
The CGIAR Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, with the Environmental Change Institute, gave this presentation on enhancing climate resilience of food production in the Greater Mekong.
To achieve the goal of restoration/ rehabilitation in landscapes, it is crucial to articulate:
What we want to achieve, what processes are in it, what resources are required.
How we want to do it
Who should be engaged
Why we do it
Four Key Steps for Mainstreaming Climate Change Mitigation into Local Development Plan: Identification of Programs (Tagging); Analysis of historical and Future Emission – Mapping emission risk & priority locations; Gap Analysis for Program Enhancement, and establish synchronization & Synergy of Programs within and across sectors; Setting mechanisms for coordination on programs synergy, synchronization and integration and MRV
“SIGN SMART” is web basis software for supporting national and sub-national GHG inventory activity
SIGN: Sistem Informasi GRK Nasional (National GHG Information System)
SMART: Simple, Measurable, Accurate, Reliable, Transparent
SIGN SMART was developed by SIGN center of the MoEF in 2014
Climate change mitigation action planning and implementation cannot be carried on by local government only. Involvement of local stakeholders, most importantly local community is necessary to ensure the action can be embraced and implemented by all stakeholders;
Climate change issue cannot be addresses in isolation and without integration to development, local livelihoods and other environment issues such as water and biodiversity;
REDD+ - Way forward for Indonesia
Showing leadership in nested approaches to REDD+- RAD-RNK and RAD-RNK. Provincial Strategy and Planning on REDD+ Implementation (Strategi dan Rencana Aksi Propinsi –SRAP).
Bringing in more peatland areas through HKM (Village forest) mechanisms would help more high value forest areas come under protected areas and generate local emission reduction and multiple benefits.
Improving cross-sectoral actions to Readiness speed and effectiveness (would help break path dependency)
For policies and regulations to be effectively implemented especially within multiple levels of government, communication strategy, awareness raising, capacity strengthening programs have to be designed with respecting local wisdoms, contexts and aspirations and in alignment with local visions and missions.
Unique to ASB Partnership
- Diverse scientific portfolio
- Multi-country teams that interact and share experience
- Writeshops for scientific writings
- Comparative studies (e.g. REDD Readiness assessments)
- Diverse groups of people to interact with – CG centers, national institutions, universities, private sector, farmers, development agents, etc.
1. The first theory of change that providing new scientific evidence and improved practices would trigger decrease in deforestation was far too simplistic/naive about how science can influence the rest of the world
2. Interdisciplinary and multi-institutional approaches developed (e.g., ASB matrix) produced relevant and useful results that uni-disciplinary and uni-institutional approaches could not have produced
3. Governance and management structure need to be aligned with science implemented (inclusive, transparent, accountable)
4. To generate new knowledge, IPGs, it is essential to have baseline/benchmark in multiple sites, understanding of processes at play in environment and at spatial-temporal scales before scaling up
5. Flexibility, willingness to learn from mistakes, asking existential questions, re-inventing program are essential to evolve realistic Theories of Change overtime
In the Amazon Basin, Brazil and in the Congo Basin, Cameroon swiddens systems is an acceptable use of the land when conditions are stable, but the systems become degraded with shorter fallow periods and forest encroachment due to pressures such as high population
o In Indonesia, a case study showed that auctions can be used in payment for ecosystem services as an efficient alternative to identify opportunity cost but does not guarantee compliance. Factors for successful implementation include access to information by farmers, identify constraints to compliance, balance between sanctions and incentives
Prevailing Theories of Change(ToC) on ASB Partnership timeline:
ToC -1: Shifting cultivation is a major driver of deforestation, modernizing agriculture saves forests.- before 1993. Intensifying agriculture to obtain higher yields per ha reduces land pressure on forest & deforestation (‘Borlaug hypothesis’) 1993-1995
ToC 2A: Tradeoffs between private and public benefits of land use can be quantified; knowing opportunity costs of environmental services frames policy;
ToC 2B: Landscape mosaics (varying on segregated versus integrated axis) shape multi-scale outcomes; require Negotiation Support for change
ToC 2C: Landscape mosaics require fair + efficient reward mechanisms and/or coinvestment in ES
TOC 3A: Landscape-scale coinvestment in ES supports Reducing Emissions from All Land Uses (REALU as REDD++ alternative)
ToC 3B: Multi-scale, multi-paradigm combi-nation of national com-modification and local coinvestment for land-based NAMA’s/LAAMA’s
ToC 3C:
Idem for Sustainable Development Goals;
There is growing recognition of the potential for jointly achieving climate change mitigation and adaptation through land management. Landscape approaches to enhancing multi-functionality have been identified as a promising pathway to synergies between mitigation and adaptation besides helping achieve other livelihood needs through ecosystem services and functions provision. This presentation explores what is known and gaps in understanding of synergies and trade-offs. It also explores the necessary enabling conditions that help promote synergies in order to realize the benefits of the approach. We build on an ex-post analysis of the Ngitili systems in Tanzania and selected examples from agroforestry practices to inform the discussion.
Agroforestry systems can deliver a multitude of benefits (market and non market) simultaneously Change processes need to empower the people most affected if they are to be sustainable We must embrace complexity and diversity
More from ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins (20)
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Identifying Policy Levers Of Deforestation and Recovery Of Tree Cover From The Driver Analyses: A Case Study From Indonesia
1. IUFRO 2014 Salt Lake City: Session C-02 (193) From Understanding
Drivers To Gaining Leverage At The Tropical Forest Margins: 20 Years of
ASB Partnership
Identifying Policy Levers Of Deforestation
and Recovery Of Tree Cover
From The Driver Analyses:
A Case Study From Indonesia
Sonya Dewi, Andree Ekadinata, Asri Joni
5. Existing driver analysis/studies
Descriptive: quantification of land use and cover
changes and analysis of association of factors influencing
and patterns of LUCC: what, how much, where, when –
empirical studies
Explanatory: process of LUCC driven by proximate
causes, underlying causes: who, how and why,
interdependencies – conceptual framework
Predictive: future LUCC given proximate and underlying
factors – spatial-quantitative up to proximate causes,
econometric with underlying causes
So-what? Recommendation for intervention: policy
levers to change the course toward promoting what
should happen and avoiding what should not happen –
should be specific and effective
6. Drivers
A1. Land use policies, spatial development planning
A2. LU rights (e.g. community forest mngmnt)
Livelihoods, provisioning &
Conse-quences
&
functions
profitability
Biodiversity, Watershed
functions, GHG emissions,
Landscape beauty
Actors/
agents
Land
use/cover
changes
B2. PES and conditional ES incentives
Response/
feedback
options
B1. Incentive structure through policy change (tax, subsidy etc)
Van Noordwijk, M., B. Lusiana, G. Villamor, H. Purnomo, and S. Dewi. 2011. Feedback loops added to four conceptual models linking land change with driving forces and
actors. Ecology and Society 16(1): r1. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol16/iss1/resp1/
7. Implicit assumptions
Deforestation is always bad and all has to be
avoided
Deforestation is the only LUCC that matters
There is no co-variation between deforestation and
other LUCC (completely independent processes of
decision making)
There is no co-variation between causes/factors of
LUCC
11. Needs
Link between descriptive-quantitative pattern and causal
processes and interdependencies among them
Be consistent and comparable with data and analysis
Acknowledge legal and customary norms on top of
biophysical characteristics within zonation
Capture, discuss and use knowledge and perception of
multiple stakeholders
Synthesize local-specific contexts across heterogeneous
larger landscape to allow upscaling
In participatory processes to identify and
negotiate policy levers from drivers at the
planning stage
12.
13. Local Knowledge
on Land Use/Cover Change
• Historic and future land use change
• Criteria and indicators for ‘legitimate’ and ‘illegitimate’
• Factors and causes; interdependencies
2
Network Analysis of drivers of LUCC
•
•Quantify pattern of agent- and zone-specific changes, configuration,
3
Knowledge
•Structural network model of factors, causes, interdependencies
• Identify policy levers at multiple levels
• Formulate recommendation
• Synthesis and comparative analysis
• Policy Network Analysis or Analytic Network Process
• Dissemination, interpretation, iteration
Action
• Discussion and scenario development
• Scenario simulation through what-if tools
such as LUMENS, LUWES
• Negotiate way forward
5
4
Pattern Analysis
of Land Use/Cover Change
• Quantitative descriptive analysis of both side of
the curves: trajectory
• Local variability/heterogeneity
1
14. Network Analysis
Causes and factors (Nodes):
Proximate causes
Underlying causes
Triggering events
Capitals
Interdependencies of factors:
Nature of relationships/interaction: direct
causes, stimulating, deferring, enabling,
prohibiting
Strength: importance of relationships
15.
16.
17.
18. 1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Millions
2000-2005
Total defor
Leg_defor
Illeg_defor
Data issues
77% from 10 provinces
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Millions
2005-2010
Total defor
Leg_defor
Illeg_defor
19. 2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Millions
2000-2005
Total_regrowth
Agroforestation
Reforestation
Tree cropping
72% from 10 provinces
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Millions
2005-2010
Total_regrowth
Agroforestation
Reforestation
Tree cropping
20. South Sumatra
SOUTH SUMATRA
Total area of South Sumatra is 9.1 million
hectare
Permanent in-migration for 2010 is estimated
at 1,01 mil. people while the out-migration is
779,239 people
The population density in 2014 is estimated at
81 ppl/sq.km. Country average is 124
ppl/sq.km. Rate of population increase in
South Sumatra is 1.85%/years.
HDI of South Sumatra has increased from 70.2
in 2005 to 74.3 in 2013 which is higher than
average HDI in Indonesia (73.8) (source:
http://www.bps.go.id/)
21. Papua
PAPUA
Papua is the largest province in Indonesia with
total area of 31.9 million hectares.
The population density in 2010 is estimated at
8 ppl/sq.km. Rate of population increase in
Papua is the highest in Indonesia, which reach
5.39%/years.
Permanent in-migration for 2010 is estimated
at 435,773 people while the out-migration is
87,545 people
Human development index of Papua has
increased from 62.08 in 2005 to 66.25 in 2013
although it is still below average HDI in
Indonesia (73.8)
23. Land Use Trajectories Maps
Land use trajectories in Papua
within the period of 1990-2010
were dominated by loss of
tree cover/forest to logged
over forest, while in South
Sumatra, the most dominant
land use trajectories were
recovery to tree cropping
24. Land Use Trajectories across LU Zones
Recovery to tree cropping
Recovery to forest
Recovery to agroforest
Other
Loss to logged-over forest
Loss to infrastructure
Loss to cropland
Loss to bare land
SOUTH SUMATRA PAPUA
25. Drivers of Forest and Tree cover
loss to Agriculture
(Sumatra Selatan)
Network Analysis
26. Drivers of Forest and Tree cover
loss to Agriculture
(Papua)
DRIVERS OF FOREST AND TREE COVER LOSS
TO AGRICULTURE (PAPUA)
27. Drivers of Recovery of Tree Cover
(Papua)
DRIVERS OF RECOVERY OF TREE COVER
(PAPUA)
28. Drivers of Recovery of Agroforest
(Papua)
DRIVERS OF RECOVERY OF AGROFOREST
(PAPUA)
29. South Sumatra
Food self sufficiency program
Demand for increasing income
Land suitability for agriculture
Transmigration
Need to increase local revenue
Local customs
Demand for local economic growth
Infrastructure development
Demand for food
Population growth
High market price for commodities
Government program for community…
Lack of law enforcement
Cultural changes
Partnerships with investors
Land availibility
Demand for land for housing
Government program for housing
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Papua
Demand for food
Improvement of local livelihood
Local migration
Transmigration
Demand for land for housing
Demand for jobs/employment
Population growth
People's skill
People's environmental awareness
Land suitability for agriculture
0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160
Drivers of Loss to agriculture
SumSel Papua
People's environmental awareness
0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100
Leverage points
30. South Sumatra
Demand for higher hh income
Need to increase local revenue
Rehabilitation program
Land suitability for tree crop
Demand for employment
Partnerships with investors
Easy access to market
Government program for community empowerment
Land availibility
Land grabbing
Cultural changes
People's environmental awareness
Population growth
Information and technology
Wood extraction
Local customs
Demand for wood
Local economic growth
Lack of law enforcement
High market price of tree crop commodities
Demand for NTFP
Demand for improvement of local livelihood
Market demand for tree crop commodity
Privatization
Food self sufficiency program
Transmigration
Forest degradation
Land suitability for agroforest
Conformity to land use plan/ land…
Land suitability for oilpalm
Land titling program
Government program for tree-crop…
Demand for employment
Land availibility
Land procurement by investor
Market demand for tree crop…
Need to increase local revenue
Suitable soil condition
Job shifting
Infrastructure development
Market demand for coffee
Demand for improvement of local…
Local migration
People's environmental awareness
0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100
Demand for poverty alleviation
Simple cultivation technique
Local custom
Papua
0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Drivers of Recovery to tree crop
Cap-financial Cap-natural Cap-physical Cap-social Event-pol Prox-infra Prox-wood Und-cult Und-demo Und-eco Und-pol Und-tech
SumSel Papua
31. South Sumatra
Rehabilitation program
Demand for poverty alleviation
Food self sufficiency program
Transmigration
Partnerships with investors
Need to increase local revenue
Easy access to market
Demand for employment
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Population growth
0.000 0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200
Papua
Food self sufficiency program
Land availibility
Demand for improvement of
local livelihood
Climate suitability for coffee
Land suitability for agroforest
Drivers of Recovery to agroforestry
Cap-financial Cap-natural Cap-physical Prox-infra Und-cult Und-demo Und-eco Und-pol
SumSel Papua
Land suitability for agroforest
0.000 0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200 0.250
Infrastructure development
32. Conclusions
CONCLUSIONS
Drivers are often connected in a graph-like structure rather than
a list or tree or a fish bone
Locally specific leverage points can be identified through
understanding interconnectedness and covariance across
drivers
Comparisons between areas are possible; extrapolation domain
can be found
The process is useful beyond its output; it stimulates multiple
stakeholder to think and discuss the drivers and levers
analytically and iteratively
Options of leverage points can then be further formulated into
scenarios, taken Zoning into account, and simulated in a tool
that allow ex-ante impacts to be analyzed, such as LUMENS
(Land Use Planning for Environmental Services) tool