The CGIAR Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, with the Environmental Change Institute, gave this presentation on enhancing climate resilience of food production in the Greater Mekong.
1. Papua New Guinea has a population of 8.5 million that is growing at 2.7% annually. Agriculture makes up 23% of GDP but productivity is low. 28% of the population lives below the poverty line.
2. Climate change poses serious threats to PNG's agricultural systems through increasing temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and more extreme weather events. Crop suitability is changing, which impacts food security.
3. Responses are needed to help smallholders adapt, including technologies to increase resilience, understanding and responding to changes in pests and diseases, crop diversity, and efficient harvesting and storage. Making transitions requires developing adapted seed varieties and crops, assessing options for intensification, and strengthening local institutions
Building Smallholder Farmer Resilience to Climate Change in Africa: Building ...SIANI
There is a renewed interest in the role of agriculture at the climate change negotiations, as evidenced by a number of interesting side-events during COP 16 in Cancun. The reason is simple: Agriculture and related activities account for a third of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, most of which can be mitigated, an opportunity that policy makers simply cannot afford to miss. What’s more, some of the techniques that sequester carbon have the added advantage of building the water-retention capacity and nutrient content of soils, hence contributing to a triple-win situation where mitigation, adaptation and yield increases are all addressed.
In response to this, SIANI and Sida arranged a one-day workshop on the theme From Source to Sink: How to make Agriculture part of the Solution to Climate Change while contributing to Poverty Alleviation? The main purpose of the workshop was to link the multiple potentials of agriculture to other development goals such as over-all poverty alleviation and food security, with particular reference to the needs of smallholder farmers who make up 70% of the world’s poorest people.
This document discusses pathways for reducing rural poverty in West and Central Africa through agricultural research and development. It outlines that agricultural growth can reduce poverty by raising farm incomes and generating employment. However, challenges remain, including barriers that can prevent the poor from benefitting from increased agricultural productivity. The document argues that multidimensional, multisector partnerships are needed to address the complex and diverse causes of rural poverty in sustainable ways. Agricultural research must work with other sectors and take smallholder farmers' needs into account to promote inclusive rural prosperity.
This document outlines the methodology for assessing seed system programs against the One CGIAR Theory of Change. It describes a 5-step process for program managers and colleagues to assess: 1) the characteristics of the seed system and case boundaries, 2) activities and importance of action areas, 3) impact areas, targets, and indicators and contributions, 4) importance of innovation pathways, and 5) observations. Key aspects include scoring relative importance and contributions across action areas, impact areas, indicators, and innovation pathways. Progress and spheres of control, influence, and interest are also scored for innovation and capacity development examples. The assessment aims to evaluate programs' alignment with CGIAR's Theory of Change.
Barriers to adoption: policy & institutional arrangements to support CSAFAO
www.fao.org/climatechange/epic
This presentation was prepared to as background to the Scientific conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture held in Montpellier, France, on 16-18 March 2015.
The document provides an overview of the 2018 Global Food Policy Report (GFPR). It summarizes several sections and key findings from the report. The sections discussed include global food security trends, the impacts of trade, investment, migration, knowledge and data, developed country policies, and regional developments. For each area, the document extracts highlights and recommendations from the GFPR.
HOW CAN AFRICAN
AGRICULTURE ADAPT TO
CLIMATE CHANGE?
INSIGHTS FROM ETHIOPIA AND SOUTH AFRICA
Edited by Claudia Ringler, Elizabeth Bryan, Rashid M. Hassan,
Tekie Alemu, and Marya Hillesland
Presentation by Philip Thornton, Theme Leader, CCAFS, at the CCAFS Workshop on Institutions and Policies to Scale out Climate Smart Agriculture held between 2-5 December 2013, in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
1. Papua New Guinea has a population of 8.5 million that is growing at 2.7% annually. Agriculture makes up 23% of GDP but productivity is low. 28% of the population lives below the poverty line.
2. Climate change poses serious threats to PNG's agricultural systems through increasing temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and more extreme weather events. Crop suitability is changing, which impacts food security.
3. Responses are needed to help smallholders adapt, including technologies to increase resilience, understanding and responding to changes in pests and diseases, crop diversity, and efficient harvesting and storage. Making transitions requires developing adapted seed varieties and crops, assessing options for intensification, and strengthening local institutions
Building Smallholder Farmer Resilience to Climate Change in Africa: Building ...SIANI
There is a renewed interest in the role of agriculture at the climate change negotiations, as evidenced by a number of interesting side-events during COP 16 in Cancun. The reason is simple: Agriculture and related activities account for a third of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, most of which can be mitigated, an opportunity that policy makers simply cannot afford to miss. What’s more, some of the techniques that sequester carbon have the added advantage of building the water-retention capacity and nutrient content of soils, hence contributing to a triple-win situation where mitigation, adaptation and yield increases are all addressed.
In response to this, SIANI and Sida arranged a one-day workshop on the theme From Source to Sink: How to make Agriculture part of the Solution to Climate Change while contributing to Poverty Alleviation? The main purpose of the workshop was to link the multiple potentials of agriculture to other development goals such as over-all poverty alleviation and food security, with particular reference to the needs of smallholder farmers who make up 70% of the world’s poorest people.
This document discusses pathways for reducing rural poverty in West and Central Africa through agricultural research and development. It outlines that agricultural growth can reduce poverty by raising farm incomes and generating employment. However, challenges remain, including barriers that can prevent the poor from benefitting from increased agricultural productivity. The document argues that multidimensional, multisector partnerships are needed to address the complex and diverse causes of rural poverty in sustainable ways. Agricultural research must work with other sectors and take smallholder farmers' needs into account to promote inclusive rural prosperity.
This document outlines the methodology for assessing seed system programs against the One CGIAR Theory of Change. It describes a 5-step process for program managers and colleagues to assess: 1) the characteristics of the seed system and case boundaries, 2) activities and importance of action areas, 3) impact areas, targets, and indicators and contributions, 4) importance of innovation pathways, and 5) observations. Key aspects include scoring relative importance and contributions across action areas, impact areas, indicators, and innovation pathways. Progress and spheres of control, influence, and interest are also scored for innovation and capacity development examples. The assessment aims to evaluate programs' alignment with CGIAR's Theory of Change.
Barriers to adoption: policy & institutional arrangements to support CSAFAO
www.fao.org/climatechange/epic
This presentation was prepared to as background to the Scientific conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture held in Montpellier, France, on 16-18 March 2015.
The document provides an overview of the 2018 Global Food Policy Report (GFPR). It summarizes several sections and key findings from the report. The sections discussed include global food security trends, the impacts of trade, investment, migration, knowledge and data, developed country policies, and regional developments. For each area, the document extracts highlights and recommendations from the GFPR.
HOW CAN AFRICAN
AGRICULTURE ADAPT TO
CLIMATE CHANGE?
INSIGHTS FROM ETHIOPIA AND SOUTH AFRICA
Edited by Claudia Ringler, Elizabeth Bryan, Rashid M. Hassan,
Tekie Alemu, and Marya Hillesland
Presentation by Philip Thornton, Theme Leader, CCAFS, at the CCAFS Workshop on Institutions and Policies to Scale out Climate Smart Agriculture held between 2-5 December 2013, in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
This document discusses a breakout session on the role of "future crops" in subsistence farming and market-oriented agriculture. It focuses on examples like pearl millet, which tolerates high temperatures, and bambara nut, which grows in sandy soils. These "future crops" provide nutrition, climate resilience, and can be profitable for farmers in certain contexts. The session addressed how opportunities to improve productivity for crops like pulses, millets, tef, fonio, and quinoa have increased incomes in places where they are well-suited to local conditions and diets.
This presentation was made by Dr. Robert B. Zougmoré, CCAFS Africa Program Leader, at the WASCAL Science Symposium, 19-21 June 2018, Tang Palace Hotel, Accra, Ghana
Bo agriculture restructuring (ciat meeting 20-feb2014-hn)CIAT
Vietnam's agriculture sector faces both opportunities and challenges when compared to other ASEAN countries. While Vietnam has a large agricultural workforce and land area devoted to agriculture, its agricultural productivity and GDP per capita from agriculture are relatively low. Climate change also poses a serious threat through impacts like sea level rise, increased temperatures, and more frequent extreme weather events. To address these issues, Vietnam's priorities include improving food security and safety, developing human resources, protecting the environment, and restructuring agricultural production towards higher-value and more processed crops and livestock. The government has set targets for stronger agricultural growth, higher farmer incomes, and reduced poverty and GHG emissions by 2020.
1) Agricultural research is a key factor for agricultural development but is only one of many factors that influence rural prosperity. Understanding rural and territorial development as well as the rural-urban interface is important for rethinking agricultural research pathways.
2) Partnerships are needed for agricultural research to have impact on reducing rural poverty since pathways to impact are long, wide, and involve many other public, private, and civil society actors.
3) Agricultural research must be rethought to engage with national sustainable food systems at the rural-urban interface where many opportunities and challenges exist due to urbanization, diet changes, and food market transformations.
The multilevel CSA monitoring set of standard core uptake and outcome indicators + expanded indicators linked to a rapid and reliable ICT based data collection instrument to systematically
assess and monitor:
- CSA Adoption/ Access to CIS
- CSA effects on food security and livelihoods household level)
- CSA effects on farm performance
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Krystal Crumpler, Climate Change and Agricultural Specialist at FAO, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
This document discusses strategies for sustainable development in agriculture and rural development. It addresses why agriculture is important for poverty reduction and sustainable rural development, as agriculture employs many rural poor. It outlines general principles for sustainable development, including economic sustainability through growth and poverty reduction, and environmental sustainability to protect resources for future generations. The document also discusses principles for effective public interventions and five dimensions of sustainable natural resource management for rural development: reducing land degradation, improving water management, sustainable forestry, sustainable fisheries, and incorporating global warming into development planning.
Lindsay Carman STRINGER "Combating land degradation and desertification and ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
Land degradation and desertification contribute to food insecurity by reducing the productivity of croplands and pasture. Addressing land degradation through sustainable land management practices such as crop rotation and soil fertility management can improve food security by increasing food production. However, fully solving food insecurity requires addressing both supply-side issues like land degradation as well as demand-side issues like reducing post-harvest food waste and unequal food consumption. Integrated solutions that blend supply-side and demand-side approaches across multiple stakeholders are needed.
1) South Asia faces challenges of poverty and malnutrition despite strong economic growth, with over 300 million people living in poverty.
2) Key pathways to reduce poverty through agriculture include diversification, increasing productivity for small farmers, improving gender equality and nutrition, and building climate resilience.
3) Drivers along these pathways include public investments, access to credit and markets, water management technologies, empowering women, and regional cooperation.
Wolrd Farmers´ Organization. Farmletter August 2012Pilar Roman
This document summarizes key points from an article about water management challenges faced by farmers in the Netherlands and efforts to address them through a farmer-led project. It discusses how the farmers' organization LTO Noord worked with scientists and policymakers on identifying risks from climate change like salinization, desiccation and flooding. They developed recommendations through workshops with farmers on sector-specific and thematic issues. This led to research on pests/diseases and drip irrigation. The approach also informed pilots in Uganda and Cambodia where farmers' groups worked with researchers and businesses on climate adaptation. An Agro-Climate Calendar tool combining climate and agronomic data helped farmers assess weather impacts and potential adaptation measures. The project concluded
1. Agriculture is the backbone of India's economy, with two-thirds of the workforce depending on it. However, agricultural growth rates have been lower than planned in the past decade.
2. Small farm sizes, environmental degradation, and unsustainable use of water resources have hindered agricultural productivity.
3. Policies need to shift subsidies towards investment, adopt new technologies, and incentivize sustainable farming practices to boost agricultural growth while protecting the environment.
Soil degradation is a serious threat to developing country food security by 2020. According to recent global studies, agricultural soil quality has declined substantially in 16% of developing world cropland, with almost 75% of Central American and 20% of African agricultural land being seriously degraded. Soil degradation is estimated to have reduced crop yields by 13% over the past 50 years and pastoral land yields by 4%. It also diminishes agricultural income and economic growth, with estimates of annual losses ranging from under 1% to over 9% of agricultural GDP in various countries. Soil degradation is projected to most severely impact food production and incomes in densely populated marginal lands in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia if not adequately addressed through policies and investments
This document summarizes a presentation on steps to climate-smart agriculture given at the Global Science Conference in Wageningen, Netherlands in October 2011. It outlines the global challenges of food security, adaptation to climate change, and reducing agriculture's ecological footprint. It defines climate-smart agriculture as having food security, adaptation, and mitigation benefits. Key steps proposed include developing a UNFCCC work program on agriculture, implementing proven technologies and practices, major investments in learning-by-doing, and realigning research agendas to focus on decision tools, climate risk management, multi-benefit systems, and pro-poor mitigation options.
Agricultural research can contribute to rural prosperity through direct, indirect, and intra-household pathways. A presentation on Ethiopia's experience showed that agricultural growth from factors like intensification of inputs, technical change from research, and complementary investments was a major driver of poverty reduction over the past decade. Key policy considerations for maximizing these pathways include sustained investment in agricultural research across disciplines; ensuring access to land, water, inputs, and markets; complementary public investments in infrastructure and education; and understanding differentiated policy impacts to address equity.
Combined Presentations for climate-smart agriculture (CSA) Tools for Africa w...CANAAFRICA
On 12th October 2015 the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), East Africa through its regional knowledge sharing platform The Climate and Agriculture Network for Africa (CANA) organized a webinar dubbed Climate-Smart Agriculture Tools for Africa.
FAO believes that reconciling food and fuel production is complex with no simple solutions. While some argue that using food crops for fuel is always bad, the reality is more nuanced. Flex crops and integrated food-energy systems could potentially increase both food and fuel production without competition if yields are improved. There is likely enough land for increased biofuel production globally at 5-8% of arable land, but land governance is important, and competition over land use must be carefully managed. Biofuels' impacts on food prices are unclear and depend on local conditions. FAO has developed tools to help assess sustainability at various levels and promote best practices. Overall, FAO argues that sustainably producing both food and fuel is possible but
Climate Smart Agriculture Project: using policy and economic analysis as a ba...FAO
The Climate Smart Agriculture Project aims to build evidence-based agricultural strategies and investment frameworks to sustainably increase productivity and incomes, build resilience to climate change, and seek opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in a way that supports national food security and development goals. The project conducts research in three countries to identify climate-smart agricultural practices and policies that achieve synergies across productivity, resilience, and carbon outcomes. Project outputs include an evidence base on best practices, a strategic framework and policy recommendations, and investment proposals to support the adoption of climate-smart agriculture.
USAID/Cambodia's Feed the Future and Greater Climate Change programs have three integrated components to improve food security and natural resource management in Cambodia:
1) The programs focus on rice, fish, and horticulture sectors, as well as household agriculture, livelihood diversification, post-harvest activities, access to finance, and nutrition education to reduce food insecurity for 100,000 households in rural Tonle Sap.
2) Activities also aim to improve ability to adapt to climate change through agricultural/fisheries management, community-based natural resource management, and building national policy and research capacity.
3) The Tonle Sap region has the highest levels of food insecurity and poverty in
This document presents a multidimensional framework for monitoring climate-smart agriculture (CSA) outcomes at farm and household levels. The framework includes standard indicators to assess CSA adoption, effects on food security and livelihoods, and farm performance. Data will be collected using an integrated ICT-based tool to allow for systematic, rapid and reliable monitoring. The framework and tool aim to provide a cost-effective way to understand CSA adoption trends and synergies or trade-offs across productivity, adaptation, mitigation and other dimensions at multiple levels.
Intensification of maize-legume based systems in the semi-arid areas of Tanza...africa-rising
This document summarizes research being conducted in Tanzania to intensify maize-legume farming systems in semi-arid areas. The research aims to increase farm productivity and improve the farming landscape. Key findings include:
1) Improved varieties of crops like maize, groundnuts, and pigeonpeas have increased yields compared to local varieties.
2) Integrated soil fertility management including fertilizer application has increased maize yields but response to nitrogen was low, indicating other limiting factors.
3) Soil and water conservation techniques like deep tillage and in-situ water harvesting improved yields compared to traditional practices.
4) Aflatoxin contamination was found in many crops sampled, presenting food
Stockholm Environment Institute (Thailand), Sustainable Mekong Research Network (Regional), and Lower Mekong Public Policy Initiative (Vietnam) gave this presentation detailing what Robust Decision Support is.
Stockholm Environment Institute (Thailand), Sustainable Mekong Research Network (Regional), and Lower Mekong Public Policy Initiative (Vietnam), as part of SUMERNET, gave this presentation on ongoing application sof the Robust Decision Support Framework in the Mekong Region.
This document discusses a breakout session on the role of "future crops" in subsistence farming and market-oriented agriculture. It focuses on examples like pearl millet, which tolerates high temperatures, and bambara nut, which grows in sandy soils. These "future crops" provide nutrition, climate resilience, and can be profitable for farmers in certain contexts. The session addressed how opportunities to improve productivity for crops like pulses, millets, tef, fonio, and quinoa have increased incomes in places where they are well-suited to local conditions and diets.
This presentation was made by Dr. Robert B. Zougmoré, CCAFS Africa Program Leader, at the WASCAL Science Symposium, 19-21 June 2018, Tang Palace Hotel, Accra, Ghana
Bo agriculture restructuring (ciat meeting 20-feb2014-hn)CIAT
Vietnam's agriculture sector faces both opportunities and challenges when compared to other ASEAN countries. While Vietnam has a large agricultural workforce and land area devoted to agriculture, its agricultural productivity and GDP per capita from agriculture are relatively low. Climate change also poses a serious threat through impacts like sea level rise, increased temperatures, and more frequent extreme weather events. To address these issues, Vietnam's priorities include improving food security and safety, developing human resources, protecting the environment, and restructuring agricultural production towards higher-value and more processed crops and livestock. The government has set targets for stronger agricultural growth, higher farmer incomes, and reduced poverty and GHG emissions by 2020.
1) Agricultural research is a key factor for agricultural development but is only one of many factors that influence rural prosperity. Understanding rural and territorial development as well as the rural-urban interface is important for rethinking agricultural research pathways.
2) Partnerships are needed for agricultural research to have impact on reducing rural poverty since pathways to impact are long, wide, and involve many other public, private, and civil society actors.
3) Agricultural research must be rethought to engage with national sustainable food systems at the rural-urban interface where many opportunities and challenges exist due to urbanization, diet changes, and food market transformations.
The multilevel CSA monitoring set of standard core uptake and outcome indicators + expanded indicators linked to a rapid and reliable ICT based data collection instrument to systematically
assess and monitor:
- CSA Adoption/ Access to CIS
- CSA effects on food security and livelihoods household level)
- CSA effects on farm performance
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Krystal Crumpler, Climate Change and Agricultural Specialist at FAO, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
This document discusses strategies for sustainable development in agriculture and rural development. It addresses why agriculture is important for poverty reduction and sustainable rural development, as agriculture employs many rural poor. It outlines general principles for sustainable development, including economic sustainability through growth and poverty reduction, and environmental sustainability to protect resources for future generations. The document also discusses principles for effective public interventions and five dimensions of sustainable natural resource management for rural development: reducing land degradation, improving water management, sustainable forestry, sustainable fisheries, and incorporating global warming into development planning.
Lindsay Carman STRINGER "Combating land degradation and desertification and ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
Land degradation and desertification contribute to food insecurity by reducing the productivity of croplands and pasture. Addressing land degradation through sustainable land management practices such as crop rotation and soil fertility management can improve food security by increasing food production. However, fully solving food insecurity requires addressing both supply-side issues like land degradation as well as demand-side issues like reducing post-harvest food waste and unequal food consumption. Integrated solutions that blend supply-side and demand-side approaches across multiple stakeholders are needed.
1) South Asia faces challenges of poverty and malnutrition despite strong economic growth, with over 300 million people living in poverty.
2) Key pathways to reduce poverty through agriculture include diversification, increasing productivity for small farmers, improving gender equality and nutrition, and building climate resilience.
3) Drivers along these pathways include public investments, access to credit and markets, water management technologies, empowering women, and regional cooperation.
Wolrd Farmers´ Organization. Farmletter August 2012Pilar Roman
This document summarizes key points from an article about water management challenges faced by farmers in the Netherlands and efforts to address them through a farmer-led project. It discusses how the farmers' organization LTO Noord worked with scientists and policymakers on identifying risks from climate change like salinization, desiccation and flooding. They developed recommendations through workshops with farmers on sector-specific and thematic issues. This led to research on pests/diseases and drip irrigation. The approach also informed pilots in Uganda and Cambodia where farmers' groups worked with researchers and businesses on climate adaptation. An Agro-Climate Calendar tool combining climate and agronomic data helped farmers assess weather impacts and potential adaptation measures. The project concluded
1. Agriculture is the backbone of India's economy, with two-thirds of the workforce depending on it. However, agricultural growth rates have been lower than planned in the past decade.
2. Small farm sizes, environmental degradation, and unsustainable use of water resources have hindered agricultural productivity.
3. Policies need to shift subsidies towards investment, adopt new technologies, and incentivize sustainable farming practices to boost agricultural growth while protecting the environment.
Soil degradation is a serious threat to developing country food security by 2020. According to recent global studies, agricultural soil quality has declined substantially in 16% of developing world cropland, with almost 75% of Central American and 20% of African agricultural land being seriously degraded. Soil degradation is estimated to have reduced crop yields by 13% over the past 50 years and pastoral land yields by 4%. It also diminishes agricultural income and economic growth, with estimates of annual losses ranging from under 1% to over 9% of agricultural GDP in various countries. Soil degradation is projected to most severely impact food production and incomes in densely populated marginal lands in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia if not adequately addressed through policies and investments
This document summarizes a presentation on steps to climate-smart agriculture given at the Global Science Conference in Wageningen, Netherlands in October 2011. It outlines the global challenges of food security, adaptation to climate change, and reducing agriculture's ecological footprint. It defines climate-smart agriculture as having food security, adaptation, and mitigation benefits. Key steps proposed include developing a UNFCCC work program on agriculture, implementing proven technologies and practices, major investments in learning-by-doing, and realigning research agendas to focus on decision tools, climate risk management, multi-benefit systems, and pro-poor mitigation options.
Agricultural research can contribute to rural prosperity through direct, indirect, and intra-household pathways. A presentation on Ethiopia's experience showed that agricultural growth from factors like intensification of inputs, technical change from research, and complementary investments was a major driver of poverty reduction over the past decade. Key policy considerations for maximizing these pathways include sustained investment in agricultural research across disciplines; ensuring access to land, water, inputs, and markets; complementary public investments in infrastructure and education; and understanding differentiated policy impacts to address equity.
Combined Presentations for climate-smart agriculture (CSA) Tools for Africa w...CANAAFRICA
On 12th October 2015 the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), East Africa through its regional knowledge sharing platform The Climate and Agriculture Network for Africa (CANA) organized a webinar dubbed Climate-Smart Agriculture Tools for Africa.
FAO believes that reconciling food and fuel production is complex with no simple solutions. While some argue that using food crops for fuel is always bad, the reality is more nuanced. Flex crops and integrated food-energy systems could potentially increase both food and fuel production without competition if yields are improved. There is likely enough land for increased biofuel production globally at 5-8% of arable land, but land governance is important, and competition over land use must be carefully managed. Biofuels' impacts on food prices are unclear and depend on local conditions. FAO has developed tools to help assess sustainability at various levels and promote best practices. Overall, FAO argues that sustainably producing both food and fuel is possible but
Climate Smart Agriculture Project: using policy and economic analysis as a ba...FAO
The Climate Smart Agriculture Project aims to build evidence-based agricultural strategies and investment frameworks to sustainably increase productivity and incomes, build resilience to climate change, and seek opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in a way that supports national food security and development goals. The project conducts research in three countries to identify climate-smart agricultural practices and policies that achieve synergies across productivity, resilience, and carbon outcomes. Project outputs include an evidence base on best practices, a strategic framework and policy recommendations, and investment proposals to support the adoption of climate-smart agriculture.
USAID/Cambodia's Feed the Future and Greater Climate Change programs have three integrated components to improve food security and natural resource management in Cambodia:
1) The programs focus on rice, fish, and horticulture sectors, as well as household agriculture, livelihood diversification, post-harvest activities, access to finance, and nutrition education to reduce food insecurity for 100,000 households in rural Tonle Sap.
2) Activities also aim to improve ability to adapt to climate change through agricultural/fisheries management, community-based natural resource management, and building national policy and research capacity.
3) The Tonle Sap region has the highest levels of food insecurity and poverty in
This document presents a multidimensional framework for monitoring climate-smart agriculture (CSA) outcomes at farm and household levels. The framework includes standard indicators to assess CSA adoption, effects on food security and livelihoods, and farm performance. Data will be collected using an integrated ICT-based tool to allow for systematic, rapid and reliable monitoring. The framework and tool aim to provide a cost-effective way to understand CSA adoption trends and synergies or trade-offs across productivity, adaptation, mitigation and other dimensions at multiple levels.
Intensification of maize-legume based systems in the semi-arid areas of Tanza...africa-rising
This document summarizes research being conducted in Tanzania to intensify maize-legume farming systems in semi-arid areas. The research aims to increase farm productivity and improve the farming landscape. Key findings include:
1) Improved varieties of crops like maize, groundnuts, and pigeonpeas have increased yields compared to local varieties.
2) Integrated soil fertility management including fertilizer application has increased maize yields but response to nitrogen was low, indicating other limiting factors.
3) Soil and water conservation techniques like deep tillage and in-situ water harvesting improved yields compared to traditional practices.
4) Aflatoxin contamination was found in many crops sampled, presenting food
Stockholm Environment Institute (Thailand), Sustainable Mekong Research Network (Regional), and Lower Mekong Public Policy Initiative (Vietnam) gave this presentation detailing what Robust Decision Support is.
Stockholm Environment Institute (Thailand), Sustainable Mekong Research Network (Regional), and Lower Mekong Public Policy Initiative (Vietnam), as part of SUMERNET, gave this presentation on ongoing application sof the Robust Decision Support Framework in the Mekong Region.
A representative from the Law School of Yunnan University of Finance & Economics gave a presentation for the legal framework for private participation in the power sector.
Hydrolancang has actively practiced fish protection during hydropower development by establishing fish breeding stations, conducting manual fish transfers across dams, using fish collecting systems and elevators, building fish passages, conducting ecological restoration, implementing stratified water intakes, cooperating with government agencies to establish protected areas, and establishing reservoir operation regulations. Over 6.8 million fish have been bred and released from stations, and 225,200 fish have been helped across dams manually.
The Mekong River Commission gave this presentation on the increased trans-boundary cooperation needed in the face of rising vulnerability to climate change.
A representative from the Network for Sustainable Hydropower Development for Mekong Region with the support of MRC-GIZ Cooperation Programme gave a presentation on hydropower siting, design, and operations in a changing climate.
HydroLancang, Cambodia's Inland Fisheries Research and Development Institute, and Ecofish Research Ltd gave a presentation on what constitutes good practices in fish conservation across regions.
Representatives of the International Rice Research Institute and the CGIAR Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security gave this presentation on applying and scaling up Alternate Wetting and Drying for paddy rice in Vietnam.
Presentation at the Dupont Forum. The panel will look at how investing in technologies is insufficient on its own to enact effective agricultural water management, and will explore the importance of accompanying context appropriate policies and institutions.
The Greater Mekong Sub-region Social Research Center of Ubon Ratchathani University (Thailand), Center for Social Development Studies of Chulalongkorn University (Thailand), and Vietnam Academy of Water Resources (Viet Nam) gave an overview of the two WLE fellowship programs in the Salween and Mekong Basins.
RAF N TAF style the Independent manufacture of Raf N Taf style's Jeans,Shirts,Trousers,T-shirts,Suits and accessories providing products including designer jeans. For more detail call us on 9718292233
The Stockholm Environment Institute (Thailand), Sustainable Mekong Research Network (Regional), and Lower Mekong Public Policy Initiative (Vietnam) gave this presentation on developing robust policies with Robust Decision Support and an XLRM (eXternal factors, policy Levers, Relationships, Metrics) framework.
The document discusses WFP's CLEAR project in Cambodia which aims to 1) identify livelihoods most at risk from climate change impacts like irregular rainfall and drought and 2) inform ongoing and new food security programs. The project analyzed 271 micro livelihood zones across Cambodia to understand their climate sensitivity and resilience. Field visits and meetings with local governments helped identify which zones are most vulnerable to impacts like less uniform rainfall. This analysis then guided community engagement to understand local priorities and needs to help design effective food security programming.
The document discusses the Mekong River Commission (MRC) Procedures, which are tools for multinational cooperation and basin development planning in the Mekong River Basin. It describes the key MRC Procedures, including Procedures for Data Exchange, Water Use Monitoring, Notification of Planned Projects, Maintenance of River Flows, and Water Quality. It highlights examples of implementation, such as water quality monitoring, notification of hydropower projects through the PNPCA, and monitoring of river flows. The document emphasizes that the full and cooperative implementation of all the MRC Procedures by the four member countries can help ensure sustainable and equitable development and management of water resources across the basin.
The Mekong ARCC (Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change) group and USAID Mekong Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change gave a presentation on community climate change adaptation plan in the lower Mekong basin. This presentation gave an overview on the impacts of climate change to the basin, the community process and approach to adaptation, results from the process, and lessons learned.
This looks at the likely economic challenges for sustainable agriculture in Europe and the UK over the next decade or so, and makes suggestions for business approaches and policy which could help the sector to respond positively
Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security CCAFS CIATCIAT
CCAFS aims to help agriculture and food systems adapt to and mitigate climate change through research. It has 4 themes: 1) adaptation to progressive climate change through technologies, practices and policies; 2) adaptation through managing climate risk at farm and food system levels; 3) pro-poor climate change mitigation; and 4) integration for decision making. Research is conducted in 3 focus regions - Indo-Gangetic Plains, West Africa, and East Africa - home to over 1 billion people dependent on agriculture. The goals are to close yield gaps, develop new adaptation strategies, and enable supportive policies and institutions from farm to national levels to strengthen food security under climate change.
Brief On Sustainable Agriculture Precious Finalguest502056
This document discusses sustainable agriculture as an alternative to conventional agriculture. It provides definitions and principles of sustainable agriculture, highlighting its focus on environmental, economic and social sustainability. Evidence shows organic and sustainable methods can produce sufficient global food supply without increasing farmland. However, adoption of sustainable practices faces constraints like lack of biomass, tenure insecurity, and weak institutions. The document recommends policies and further research to promote sustainable agriculture practices and overcome adoption barriers.
Presentation by Pramod Aggarwal at the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpellier.
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4
The document discusses climate smart agriculture as an approach to sustainable development. It describes how climate smart agriculture seeks to preserve natural resources, transition agricultural production systems, enhance food security, mitigate climate change, increase productivity, use inputs efficiently, and increase resilience. It provides examples of climate smart agriculture practices and technologies adopted, as well as challenges and recommendations for the future approach.
This document discusses redefining Africa's agrarian development policies in the face of climate change. It outlines that agricultural productivity in Africa has not kept pace with population growth, with cereal yields stagnating. Climate change impacts agro-ecosystems through changes to the environment and socioeconomics. The challenges include strengthening rural development and governance, improving productivity, and managing natural resources sustainably. Integrated actions are needed across economic growth, sustainable environments, and social equity to help rural communities weather the effects of climate change.
The document outlines the Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) program led by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). It discusses WLE's intermediate development outcomes in contributing to CGIAR's system level outcomes. An example impact pathway for the Volta-Niger focal region is provided, showing how WLE research portfolios and cross-cutting themes contribute to identified development and research outcomes. Monitoring and evaluation methods and targets are described to track outcomes. Highlights are given of emerging outcomes, including CIAT and IITA contributing to the N2Africa program benefiting over 225,000 smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa.
The document outlines the Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE) program, which aims to improve agricultural sustainability and resilience. It discusses WLE's intermediate development outcomes of increasing incomes from sustainable resource management, improving agricultural productivity, and empowering women and marginalized groups. As an example, it describes WLE's impact pathway in the Volta-Niger region, which includes research portfolios on rainfed and irrigated farming systems, resource recovery and reuse, information systems, and basin management to achieve outcomes of increased productivity and reduced land degradation.
Water and Food Security Nexus Regional Gap AnalysisICARDA
This document discusses gaps in policies around the water and food security nexus in dry areas. It identifies three key gaps: (1) the weakness in scaling up successful case studies, (2) incentives that impact water efficiency lie outside the water domain requiring multidisciplinary action, and (3) the absence of explicit food security strategies to guide water interventions given different country pathways. It emphasizes improving competitiveness and inclusiveness for small farmers through access to technology, credit, and markets. Demand management and improving productive and allocative efficiency are also highlighted as important for future policy reforms around agriculture and water scarcity issues.
Water and Food Security Nexus Regional Gap AnalysisICARDA
The document discusses three gaps that provide opportunities for convergence between water and food security:
1) There is a weakness in scaling up successful case studies due to a proliferation of pilots and technologies that do not contribute impact at scale. Scaling up requires factors beyond just technology.
2) Most incentives and disincentives for water inefficiency lie outside the water domain, requiring a multi-disciplinary approach that has not been fully mobilized. Non-water policies impact water use efficiency.
3) There is an absence of explicit food security strategies to guide water interventions, given different pathways countries can take to ensure food security. Water strategies need alignment with food security goals.
Reflection on Key Points from Inception WorkshopSri Lmb
The document summarizes presentations from a workshop on sustainable agriculture intensification, highlighting areas like improving rice production through conservation agriculture and sustainable rice intensification, promoting education for smallholder farmers, and developing monitoring and evaluation systems to understand impact on farmers. Key points included the need to work with natural systems to increase productivity with fewer inputs, empower farmers through participatory research and field schools, and influence policies to support sustainable intensification practices.
1) Agriculture is central to Malawi's economy but is vulnerable to increasing climate hazards like droughts and floods.
2) Analysis found that conservation agriculture techniques like minimum soil disturbance (MSD) increased yields, profits, and resilience compared to conventional tillage, especially in drier areas.
3) However, higher costs of MSD may limit smallholder adoption without incentives. Policy and institutional support can help address barriers to scaling up climate-smart agricultural practices in Malawi.
Climate change and sustainable intensification ILRI
Presented by Fentahun Mengistu (EIAR) at a Consultative Meeting on Strengthening CGIAR - EARS partnerships for effective agricultural transformation in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 4–5 December 2014
What will it take to establish a climate smart agricultural world? Presentation on the problems, solutions and key challenges in Climate Smart Agriculture. Presentation made in the Wayamba Conference in Sri Lanka, August 2014.
This document summarizes a synthesis report on climate change, agriculture, and food security in the COMESA region. It outlines the background and objectives of the study, the current state of climate change knowledge in COMESA, regional adaptation and mitigation initiatives, and a case study of a woodlot management project in Tanzania. The key findings are that climate change poses serious risks to food security in Africa, regional climate models have significant limitations, adaptation has been limited by lack of resources and policy, and initiatives have not been fully informed by science.
Trans-disciplinary science to impact tropical forest landscapes - Jeff Sayer, University of British Columbia. Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research (September 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Three-day virtual workshop co hosted by the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); and SPIA, the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the CGIAR. The workshop took stock of existing and new methodological developments of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment work, and discussed which are suitable to evaluate and assess complex, integrated systems research.
Theory-Based Approaches for Assessing the Impact of Integrated Systems Research - Brian Belcher, Royal Roads University. Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research (September 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Three-day virtual workshop co hosted by the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); and SPIA, the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the CGIAR. The workshop took stock of existing and new methodological developments of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment work, and discussed which are suitable to evaluate and assess complex, integrated systems research.
Challenges and opportunities for using remote sensing data - Kathy Baylis, University of California, Santa Barbara. Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research (September 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Three-day virtual workshop co hosted by the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); and SPIA, the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the CGIAR. The workshop took stock of existing and new methodological developments of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment work, and discussed which are suitable to evaluate and assess complex, integrated systems research.
Reviewing the evidence on implementation and long-term impact of integrated landscape approaches - James Reed, CIFOR. Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research (September 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Three-day virtual workshop co hosted by the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); and SPIA, the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the CGIAR. The workshop took stock of existing and new methodological developments of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment work, and discussed which are suitable to evaluate and assess complex, integrated systems research.
Some musings on evaluating the impacts of integrated systems research - Karl Hughes, PIM. Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research (September 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Three-day virtual workshop co hosted by the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); and SPIA, the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the CGIAR. The workshop took stock of existing and new methodological developments of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment work, and discussed which are suitable to evaluate and assess complex, integrated systems research.
What makes impact research challenging? What have been done so far? Results from CGIAR research - Natalia Estrada Carmona. Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research (September 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Three-day virtual workshop co hosted by the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); and SPIA, the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the CGIAR. The workshop took stock of existing and new methodological developments of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment work, and discussed which are suitable to evaluate and assess complex, integrated systems research.
Use of Qualitative Approaches for Impact Assessments of Integrated Systems Research: Our Experience - Monica Biradavolu, SPIA. Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research (September 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Three-day virtual workshop co hosted by the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); and SPIA, the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the CGIAR. The workshop took stock of existing and new methodological developments of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment work, and discussed which are suitable to evaluate and assess complex, integrated systems research.
FTA’s experience in measuring impacts of research on integrated systems - Vincent Gitz, FTA. Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research (September 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Three-day virtual workshop co hosted by the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); and SPIA, the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the CGIAR. The workshop took stock of existing and new methodological developments of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment work, and discussed which are suitable to evaluate and assess complex, integrated systems research.
Measuring the impact of integrated systems research
Panel Speakers: Vincent Gitz, Natalia Estrada Estrada Carmona, Monica Biradavolu and Karl Hughes. Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research (September 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Three-day virtual workshop co hosted by the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); and SPIA, the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the CGIAR. The workshop took stock of existing and new methodological developments of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment work, and discussed which are suitable to evaluate and assess complex, integrated systems research.
Why does OneCGIAR need Integrated Systems Research? - Holger Meinke, University of Tasmania & ISDC. Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research (September 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Three-day virtual workshop co hosted by the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); and SPIA, the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the CGIAR. The workshop took stock of existing and new methodological developments of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment work, and discussed which are suitable to evaluate and assess complex, integrated systems research.
Agronomic advances for understanding soil health
By Job Kihara, Agronomist, Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT
Innovations in soil health monitoring for nature and people
From Research to Resilience
WLE webinar series
October 28, 2021
Innovations in Soil Health Monitoring: Combining Systematic Field Assessments with Spectroscopy and Earth Observation
By Leigh Ann Winowiecki, WLE/CIFOR-ICRAF
Innovations in soil health monitoring for nature and people
From Research to Resilience
WLE webinar series
October 28, 2021
This document summarizes a presentation on unpacking systemic gender inequality across institutional landscapes in watershed research. The presentation discusses how gender norms and values of institutional stakeholders remain a "black box" in gender research. It notes that while gender is a cross-cutting theme in CGIAR research, organizations and institutional actors who shape policies are less researched. The presentation describes a study that used interviews to understand the perspectives of watershed scientists and development practitioners regarding gender competencies and inclusion in watershed programs and research. It found evidence of "hydropatriarchies" in watershed institutions and a need to better represent local knowledge and marginalized voices.
By Ermias Betemariam, Land Health Scientist, World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
Securing inclusive land restoration
From Research to Resilience
WLE webinar series
October 25, 2021
By Deepa Joshi, Gender, Youth and Inclusion Lead, WLE (IWMI)
Securing inclusive land restoration
From Research to Resilience
WLE webinar series
October 25, 2021
By Fabrice DeClerck, Science Director, EAT Forum & Senior Scientist, Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT
Boosting synergies and managing trade-offs in food systems
From Research to Resilience
WLE webinar series
October 21, 2021
Sustainable management of commons to boost synergies: A case study on India
By Wei Zhang, Senior Research Fellow, International Food Policy Research Institute
Boosting synergies and managing trade-offs in food systems
From Research to Resilience
WLE webinar series
October 21, 2021
Building climate resilience across scales
participatory – farmer-led – community action
By Sander Zwart, IWMI
Managing water for climate adaptation and mitigation
From Research to Resilience
WLE webinar series
October 19, 2021
Lessons learnt towards building pathways for innovation: India
By Apoorve Khandelwal, CEEW India
Innovation investment for impact
From Research to Resilience
WLE webinar series
October 14, 2021
Mining the Gaps: Mapping The Research on Small Farms in the Global South
By Jaron Porciello, Cornell University
Innovation investment for impact
From Research to Resilience
WLE webinar series
October 14, 2021
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
3. ●
What
frightens,
concerns
or
otherwise
worries
you
about
the
future
of
the
Greater
Mekong
region?
●
What
is
the
most
important
driver
of
changes?
●
What
is
the
most
uncertain
factors
about
the
future
of
this
region?
4. Scenarios
for
Climate
Change
and
Agriculture
• The
largest
socio-‐
economic
and
climate
scenarios
Program
in
the
world!
• Stakeholder-‐driven;
quanHfied
through
agricultural
economic
models;
linked
to
IPCC
community’s
Shared
Socio-‐
economic
Pathways
• With
240
partner
organisaJons
6. 1.B
Understanding
the
big
picture
• Increasing
climaHc
unpredictability
exacerbates
all
pressures
on
the
agricultural
producHon
systems
of
countries
in
the
Greater
Mekong.
• Together
with
populaHon
growth,
tensions
over
fresh
water,
energy
challenges,
land
uses
changes,
urbanizaHon,
diversificaHon
of
livelihoods;
the
greater
Mekong
region
is
facing
major
and
unprecedented
challenges.
• There
are
serious
concerns
about
the
capacity
to
ensure
food
security
to
all,
provide
affordable
food
without
hampering
natural
resources
in
the
context
of
populaHon
growth
and
under
climate
change.
7. Adapting Agriculture to
Climate Variability and Change
Technologies, practices, partnerships
and policies for:
1. Adaptation to Progressive
Climate Change
2. Adaptation through Managing
Climate Risk
3. Pro-poor Climate Change
Mitigation
Improved
Environmental
Health Improved
Rural
Livelihoods Improved
Food Security
Enhanced adaptive capacity
in agricultural, natural
resource management, and
food systems
Trade-offs and Synergies
4. Integration for Decision Making
• Linking Knowledge with Action
• Assembling Data and Tools for
Analysis and Planning
• Refining Frameworks for Policy
Analysis
2.
The
CCAFS
Framework
CCAFS
Scenarios
8. 3. What are scenarios?
• Scenarios
are
mulHple,
“what
if?”
stories
about
the
future,
expressed
in
words,
through
simulaHon
models,
in
visuals
–
originally
from
the
private
sector
&
military
• Scenarios
can
be
used
to
explore
different
direcJons
of
change
–
in
climate,
markets,
governance
and
other
key
factors
• Scenarios
are
not
predicHons
• Scenarios
are
a
tool
for
tesJng
strategies,
they
are
not
strategies
themselves
–
they
represent
contexts
• TesHng
plans
at
local,
district,
naHonal
levels
9. 4. Scenarios: why useful?
• Work
with
future
uncertainHes
in
concrete
and
engaging
manner
(Vervoort
et
al.
2012)
• IdenHfy
and
frame
contextual
challenges
• IdenHfy
insHtuHonal
vulnerabiliJes
• Test
and
develop
policies
• Test
innovaJons
• Build
networks
• Public
engagement
and
awareness
raising
10. A
B
C
D
A1
B1
C1
D1
A2
B2
C2
D2
A3
B3
C3
D3
FACTORS,
STATES
COMPATIBILITY
B1
B2
B3
A1
2
0
1
A2
1
1
1
A3
2
0
2
SCENARIOS
(A2,B2,C2,D1)
(A1,B3,C1,D3)
(A3,B3,C2,D3)
100’s
REPRESENTATIVE
SCENARIOS
(A2,B2,C2,D1)
(A1,B3,C1,D3)
(A3,B3,C2,D3)
10000’s
of
ways,
diverse
set
of
4
(A2,B1,C2,D1)
4
regional
Scenarios
MATLAB
program
(OLDFAR)
5.
Methods
11.
12. Aging
popula7on
start
to
be
a
major
problem
2015
2030
2050
SEA
Central
bank
Common
Labor
policy
for
free
movement
High
producHon
and
product
quality
Sustainable
Crops
producHon
Becer
health
system
MigraHon
of
low
income
country/
young
labor
force
Educated
and
environmental
consciousness
Major
posiHve
poliHcal
changes
in
Viet
Nam
and
Laos
PosiHve
PoliHcal
changes
in
Cambodia
More
recreaHonal
faciliHes
in
urban
and
rural
areas
Landscape
planning
Strong
collaboraHon
with
internaHonal
universiHes
Common
currency
Agriculture
represents
less
than
10%of
the
GDP
Lower
rural
populaJon
with
higher
living
standard
Top
local
universiJes-‐
internaJonal
standard
lead
Full
DemocraJc
governments
Improved
and
balanced
landscape
with
more
forests
Cleaner
and
sustainable
ciJes
All
people
have
affordable
access
to
adequate
supplies
of
safe
water
and
food
Adequate
energy
policy
Cleaner
and
safer
water
Regional
Agreement
on
hydropower
power/
dams
management
Laws
on
protecHon
for
river
banks
Improved
and
enforced
land
protecHon
law
Increased
new
technology,
adaptaHon
towards
soil
improvement
ConservaHon
agriculture
pracHces
increased
Land
consolidaHon
and
mechanized
agriculture
Open
Market
Higher
educaHon
demand
EliminaHon
of
trade
barriers
Improved
educaHon
policies
AdaptaHon
innovaHon
driven
by
the
farmers
Fragmented
land,
low
quality
Public,
Private
investment
in
educaHon
Lower
level
of
poverty
absolute
Sustainable
farming
systems
in
sloping
lands
Investment
in
new
products
organic
agriculture
Increased
naHonal
remicance
No
travel
restricHon
Increased
law
enforcement
SEA
Common
cerHfied
quality
product
Social
conflicts
massive
natural
disasters
in
the
region
Regional
bio-‐security
standard
20%
reducHon
of
agriculture
land
Middle
class
empowered
and
educated
Becer
access
to
finance
to
rural
populaHon
agriculture
pracHces
changes
Increased
Infrastructure
investment
ReforestaH
on
of
mountains
areas
Becer
roads,
irrigaHon
systems
in
the
rural
areas
13. 6. Scenarios for socio-economic and climate futures:
Regional and National scales
14. Factors
Markets
Enforcement
capacity
and
regional
collaboraJon
Agricultural
investment
Land
degradaJon
through
land
use
change
Land
of
the
Golden
Mekong
Common
regulated
market
Strong
enforcement
and
strong
regional
collaboraHon
High
public
and
private
Low
Buffalo,
Buffalo
Unregulated
Weak
enforcement
and
weak
regional
collaboraHon
Unbalanced:
high
private
investment
in
business
and
research
High
The
Doreki
Dragon
Common
regulated
market
Strong
enforcement
and
strong
regional
collaboraHon
Unbalanced:
high
private
investment
in
business
and
research
High
Tigers
on
the
Train
ProtecHonism
and
closed
market
Strong
enforcement
and
strong
regional
collaboraHon
Low
public
and
private
Low
Four
scenarios
for
Southeast
Asia
15. In
this
scenario,
the
ASEAN-‐facilitated
development
of
a
regional
market
and
the
increasingly
effec7ve
poli7cal
focus
on
big
business
in
all
sectors,
including
agriculture,
drives
significant
change.
GMOs
become
the
norm
and
are
no
longer
excepNonal
–
it’s
all
just
“food”.
Agricultural
industrialisaNon
develops
to
the
degree
that
agriculture,
while
a
massive
source
of
growth,
is
almost
no
longer
recognizable
as
such.
Smallholder
famers
struggle
more
than
ever,
and
very
oWen
fail,
to
maintain
a
livelihood
–
many
become
workers
on
highly
industrial
farms.
UrbanisaNon
is
high.
Environmental
degradaNon
and
natural
land
conversion
are
extreme.
Food
security
for
the
poor
is
very
low,
though
food
safety
is
stringent.
The
different
societal
classes
are
more
divided
than
ever
in
terms
of
climate
resilience
with
climate
impacts
being
made
significantly
worse
due
to
large-‐scale
manipula7on
of
the
natural
16. In
this
scenario
we
start
out
in
2013
looking
up.
ASEAN
agreements
appear
to
be
going
ahead.
Myanmar
is
starNng
to
produce
more
and
be
more
economically
acNve.
Moving
to
2020
we
start
to
see
more
problems:
there
are
major
corrup7on
scandals
that
greatly
weaken
na7onal
governments.
High
oil
and
food
prices
due
to
global
as
well
as
local
situaNon
and
increased
demand
for
biofuels
increases
pressure
for
private
sector
to
acquire
land
–
increasing
pressure
on
populaNon
that
is
dependent
on
farming
for
their
living.
Logging
concessions
to
private
industry
lead
to
massive
deforesta7on.
Environmental
change
creates
incredible
regional
tensions.
ASEAN
closes
borders
and
coopera7on
between
countries
is
lost.
Food
producNon
is
significantly
decreased
–
migraNon
and
conflicts
increase.2050
sees
a
situaNon
of
unsustainable
agricultural
intensificaNon.
There
is
a
big
plantaNon
sector,
greater
emphasis
on
processed
foods,
but
only
the
rich
people
in
the
country
can
afford
it.
There
is
huge
environmental
degradaNon.
Social
conflict
is
rampant.
Local
governance
and
civil
society
at
Nmes
make
some
progress
in
solving
problems,
but
they
cannot
overcome
the
overall
declining
situaNon.
17. This
scenario
sees
Southeast
Asia
becoming
increasingly
collabora7ve
regionally
but
also
protec7onist
with
regard
to
outside
economic
influences
from
China
and
other
global
actors.
Riding
on
a
Nme
of
high
food
prices
in
the
first
decades
of
the
scenario,
the
region
manages
to
use
investments
in
agriculture
that
are
not
by
themselves
extremely
high
very
effecNvely.
The
highly
controlled
region
develops
its
focus
from
primary
produc7on
more
to
agricultural
processing,
and
eventually
away
from
agriculture
and
toward
industrialisa7on.
ProtecNonist
economic
policies
cause
tensions
with
China
and
the
need
for
conNnued
negoNaNons.
By
2050,
some
deep
issues
with
the
protecNonist
policies
threaten
to
cripple
the
regional
economy.
In
terms
of
climate
resilience,
this
increased
economic
fragility
threatens
food
security
for
the
poorest
who
have
felt
the
consequences
of
the
shiW
away
from
agricultural
development
in
recent
decades.
18. Land of the Golden Mekong
In
this
scenario,
unifica7on
of
Southeast
Asia
in
terms
of
poli7cal,
economic
and
environmental
concerns
slowly
becomes
a
reality.
Though
challenges
around
urbanisaNon
and
migraNon
iniNally
increase,
ulNmately
insNtuNons
become
effecNve
enough
to
enable
improved
development
and
environmental
management.
Aging
populaNons
and
the
lack
of
labour
due
to
egalitarianism
become
a
problem
–
migrants
from
poorer
countries
replace
the
regional
popula7on
in
the
working
class
but
are
shunned
and
abused.
Strength
and
inclusiveness
of
governance
(at
least
for
the
autochthonic
populaNon)
is
the
key
source
of
the
significant
change
in
food
security,
livelihoods
and
environments
that
can
be
observed.
Climate
resilience
is
strong
in
that
respect,
though
biophysical
vulnerabiliNes
remain
significant,
especially
in
the
form
of
extreme
events
that
sNll
someNmes
overwhelm
the
region’s
adapNve
capacity.
The
migrants
become
the
most
vulnerable
groups.
19. Land
of
the
Golden
Mekong
summary
of
quanJtaJve
results:
• As
incomes
increase,
demand
for
agricultural
commodiHes
goes
up.
• Investments
in
yield
increase
producHon
to
respond
to
regional
and
global
demand.
• There
are
strong
pressures
for
land
expansion
due
to
regional
and
global
demand,
so
this
has
to
be
moderated
by
policies
on
land
use.
• Prices
for
rice,
maize
and
beef
drop
due
to
increased
yields
and
agricultural
expansion.
• Calorie
availability
per
capita
increases
on
the
whole;
though
this
may
hide
inequaliHes
between
demographic
groups.
20.
21. Biodiversity:
projected
change
in
suitable
habitat,
2005
-‐ 2050
Ecosystem
Functions:
projected
change
in
provision,
2005
-‐ 2050
Cambodia
Laos
Vietnam
Thailand
Cambodia
Laos
Vietnam
Thailand
Legend
Country boundaries
Watersheds
Change: 2005 - 2050
High decrease
Medium decrease
Low decrease
Increase
Figure
4:
Projected
change
in
suitable
habitat
for
biodiversity
and
ecosystem
funcHon
provision
under
the
Land
of
the
Golden
Mekong
scenario
by
watershed
22. • Under
this
scenario,
there
is
a
significant
increase
in
pasture
area,
parJcularly
to
the
west
of
lake
Tonle
Sap
increasing
already
exisJng
pasture
areas.
The
total
area
of
cropland
remains
roughly
the
same
and
urban
areas
expand
to
nearly
double
the
current
extent.
Only
a
marginal
area
of
forest
is
lost.
• Figure
4
shows
the
resulHng
changes
in
biodiversity
and
ecosystem
funcHon
provision
under
this
scenario
by
watershed.
The
increases
in
pasture
around
Tonle
Sap
cause
a
high
decrease
in
biodiversity
whereas
some
small
gains
are
observed
in
the
adjacent
watershed
to
the
east.
This
is
mostly
the
result
of
former
cropland
being
converted
into
pasture
which
provides
habitat
to
more
species.
Overall
most
watersheds
show
a
loss
in
biodiversity
and
ecosystem
funcHon
provision
with
broadly
similar
spaHal
pacerns.
23. What
does
it
means?
• There
are
mulHple
futures
for
the
Greater
Mekong
• What
will
be
the
future
of
Food
and
Agriculture
in
the
region
in
35
years?
• What
are
the
legal
and
normaHve
frameworks
that
are
protecHng
the
livelihood
of
the
farmers?
The
ecosystem?
• Do
we
understand
the
big
pictures
and
the
impact
on
the
food
system?
Does
Countries
of
the
GM
understand
value
chain
and
food
trading?
• Do
we
have
smart
investments
and
robust
policies?
• It
is
as
much
about
the
producHon
and
the
demand..
Zooming
to
the
consumers!
24. CLIMATE SMART VILLAGE
Knowledge
smart
• Farmer-‐farmer
learning
• Community
seed
and
fodder
banks
• Market
info
• Off-‐farm
risk
management
Nitrogen
smart
• Site
specific
nutrient
management
• Precision
ferHlizers
• Catch
cropping
/
legumes
Carbon
smart
• Agroforestry
• ConservaHon
Hllage
• Land
use
systems
• Livestock
management
Water
smart
• Aquifer
recharge
• Rainwater
harvesHng
• Community
management
of
water
• Laser
leveling
• On-‐farm
water
management
Weather
smart
• Weather
forecasts
• ICT
based
agro-‐
advisories
• Index
based
insurance
• Climate
analogues
Energy
smart
• Biofuels
• Fuel
efficient
engines
• Residue
management
• Minimum
Hllage
Key
IntervenJons
in
a
Climate-‐
Smart
Village
25. EvaluaJng
innovaJons
Look
at
the
technology
soluHons
just
introduced
and
test
them
against
different
scenarios
What
did
you
develop,
noHce,
feel,
or
learn?
So,
what
are
the
implicaHons
for
scenario
based
learning
in
your
own
work?
Now,
what
lingering
uncertainHes,
quesHons
or
curiosiHes
do
you
have?
What
acHons
are
suggested
next
for
you?
Focus
on
how
these
technologies
and
soluJons
provide
adapJve
capability
regardless
of
the
future
scenario
26. ReporJng
on
the
robustness
What
are
the
strengths
and
benefits
of
these
adapHve
measures?
What
opportuniHes
or
possibiliHes
do
you
see
for
implemenHng
and
scaling
these
innovaHons
in
your
own
work?
What
challenges
or
obstacles
do
you
anHcipate
in
spreading
these
technology
soluHons?
(
confronHng
to
mulHple
futures)
What
other
key
technologies,
services,
or
innovaHons
do
you
see
for
increasing
the
robustness
of
the
regional
response
to
these
scenarios?