A nested information system
on greenhouse gas emissions
(SIGN SMART)
Belinda Arunarwati Margono

Background
 Green House Gases inventory is required at
 Both national level and sub-national level (province,
district)
 Consist of five sectors:
Non land-based sectors: energy, transportation, and
waste
Land-based sectors: agriculture, and forestry
 Complex data, and bunch of worksheet to complete
 A need to simplify the worksheet
 By improving the efforts in gather and compile the data 
a system

SIGN-SMART
1. It was designed to support the concept of Transparency,
Accuracy, Consistency, Completeness and Compatibility (TACCC)
of GHG inventory
2. Provide advantages such as
 A user-friendly online system (with registered users)
 Data management system: the data that was entered and used
to estimate the GHG emission are stored in an integrated
database
 A quick GHG emission calculation (3-5 minute),
 That would be displayed as a user friendly graph, which was a
compilation of the all available worksheet from 2000-2014.
 Provide a near real time report
 In the same year of data input
 Before it was available as a system, the report would take
some time (it was in n-2)

SIGN SMART
 “SIGN SMART” is web basis software for supporting national and sub-
national GHG inventory activity
 SIGN: Sistem Informasi GRK Nasional (National GHG Information System)
 SMART: Simple, Measurable, Accurate, Reliable, Transparent
 SIGN SMART was developed by SIGN center of the MoEF in 2014
• Direct data input from data providers
(mainly private companies and local governments)
• Data archiving
• Automatic GHG estimation (EFs and
parameters are stored in the software)
• Output (graph, table, crf)
• Comparison among provinces
Main function of SIGN SMART

Approaches
for Development of GHG Inventory
 Two approaches:
• Top-down approach: using national aggregated data with
national ministries/institutions involvement
• Bottom-up approach: using sub-national aggregated data with
involvement of local government units.
 The challenge is to narrow the gap between the two estimates of
total GHG emissions
• Avoiding double counting (trans-boundary problem)
• Consistency in methodology (generating activity data)
• Capturing variability of local emission factors at national level
calculation

Ministries/
National
Agencies(K/L) SIGN
MoE
National
GHG
Inventory
Governor
Provincial Sectoral
Office
Provincial
Sectoral Office
Activity
Data
District/Ci
ty sectoral
Office
District/Ci
ty sectoral
office
BLHD
Kab/Kota
Regional Environmental
Office
GHG
Inventory
Report
GHG
Inventory
Report
Activity
Data
Activity
Data
Activity
Data
Top Down
Approach
Bottomup
Approach
Emission
Factors from
various
agencies

Data Activity
Input
Emission Factor
Input
GHG Emission
Estimation
186 IPCC
Worksheet
EXISTING
Data Activity
Input
GHG Emission
Estimation
SIGN SMART
Simplification of Work Step (for 186 Worksheet and N year inventory)
Storage and Distribution of Electronic Databases
EXISTING
Data base/literature in printed form/hard
copy often not archived well.
For the next inventory year or
recalculation, its difficult to collect
previous data base/literature.
Difficulties in distributing top-down data
to province and city/district.
SIGN SMART
Data base/literature stored in the
system
For the next inventory year or
recalculation, the data matrix can be
called, and we just need to updating the
data.
Top-down data embedded in the
SMART-SIGN system

Architecture of SIGN-SMART

Working Flow
Input of
Activity
Data
Estimation
the
emission
QA/QC
Estimating
the verified
emission
Yes
No

Output SIGN-SMART: Profile GHG Emission
SIGN Smart, Direktorat Inventarisasi GRK & MRV, Ditjen PPI, Kementerian LHK, 2015
Year

Thank You