The purpose of this project was to gain a strong understanding of Six Sigma management philosophy, concepts, and practices and to apply this knowledge to creating a Six Sigma academic course or training program. This was done through three main methods: preliminary research and data collection, the creation of a design model for Six Sigma academic course program establishment, and the creation of a Six Sigma academic course program syllabus. The preliminary research consisted of conducting a Six Sigma knowledge survey with the students of Worcester Polytechnic Institute, interviewing a Six Sigma expert, and examining current Six Sigma educational programs in other universities, businesses, and organizations. As a result of our observations, we determined that Six Sigma has become a large part of many companies and should be implemented into more engineering programs at universities nation-wide, including Worcester Polytechnic Institute. This can be done through a project based course, as well as more Six Sigma based Interactive and Major Qualifying Projects.
IRJET- Application of Lean Six Sigma PrinciplesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the application of Lean Six Sigma principles to improve the dip-spin anti-rust coating process at Aum Dacro Pvt. Ltd. The author conducted the project using the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) approach. In the Define phase, the problem and objectives were defined. In the Measure phase, comprehensive process data was collected. In the Analyze phase, possible causes for defects were identified using a cause-and-effect diagram and the most significant causes were analyzed. In the Improve phase, solutions to address the key causes were developed. The Control phase of ongoing monitoring was outside the scope of this project. Design-Expert statistical software was used
Applicability and results of lean six sigma implementation in various industries like automotives, continuous process plants, manufacturing, engineering parts, textiles, Information technology, telecom and R&D to name a few. Also deals with the advantage levered by a six sigma trained student or professional.
One of the most valued skill sets a project manager can develop is the ability to predict an outcome. Whether it is the outcome of a test, a process, a service, a product or all of the above – there are a few foundational concepts within Lean Six Sigma that will improve your ability to predict project outcomes.
This session will demonstrate how the concept of variation applies to problem solving, and why management by fact is not just a luxury – it's a necessity. It will also demonstrate that while it is good to expect workers to do things right the first time, it is smart to make it impossible for them to do things wrong the first time.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Six sigma methodology :R. S. Reosekar & D. Pohekar(2014)sadia butt
This document summarizes a literature review of 179 research articles on Six Sigma published between 1995 and 2011. The review finds that empirical research on Six Sigma has increased over time but more is needed. There is also a need for more collaboration between academics and industry and integrated research that combines Six Sigma with other methodologies. While frameworks and models of Six Sigma implementation have been proposed, no model fully addresses the relationships between constructs or the effects of one element on another. The review identifies gaps in the research including the need for studies in non-manufacturing sectors and more globally diverse authorship.
This document provides an overview of Six Sigma at Ericsson. It discusses the history and concepts of Six Sigma, how it has been implemented organically at Ericsson since 1996, and its deployment structure which includes Champions, Black Belts, Green Belts, and other roles. Six Sigma is presented as a systematic and focused approach using statistical tools to fulfill business objectives by reducing variation and costs. The importance of change management is also emphasized for successful Six Sigma performance and deployment.
Six sigma is a statistical concept that measures quality in terms of defects. Achieving six sigma means processes deliver only 3.4 defects per million opportunities. It was developed by Motorola to improve quality by reducing defects and variability. Six sigma seeks measurable financial returns through projects following DMAIC or DMADV methodologies. Successful implementation requires executive leadership, champions, master black belts, black belts, and green belts filling clearly defined roles and working together.
Six Sigma is a set of techniques and tools for process improvement that aims to reduce defects to 3.4 defects per million opportunities. It was pioneered by Motorola and General Electric in manufacturing to improve quality and reliability. The key aspects of Six Sigma are specifying quality from the customer's perspective, defining defects, ensuring process capability, reducing variation, achieving stable operations, and designing for Six Sigma. Communication is important for successful implementation to address resistance to change. Benefits include reduced costs and waste, improved understanding of customer needs, and more robust products and processes. Many companies have successfully implemented Six Sigma including Motorola, 3M, and General Cable.
IRJET- Application of Lean Six Sigma PrinciplesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the application of Lean Six Sigma principles to improve the dip-spin anti-rust coating process at Aum Dacro Pvt. Ltd. The author conducted the project using the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) approach. In the Define phase, the problem and objectives were defined. In the Measure phase, comprehensive process data was collected. In the Analyze phase, possible causes for defects were identified using a cause-and-effect diagram and the most significant causes were analyzed. In the Improve phase, solutions to address the key causes were developed. The Control phase of ongoing monitoring was outside the scope of this project. Design-Expert statistical software was used
Applicability and results of lean six sigma implementation in various industries like automotives, continuous process plants, manufacturing, engineering parts, textiles, Information technology, telecom and R&D to name a few. Also deals with the advantage levered by a six sigma trained student or professional.
One of the most valued skill sets a project manager can develop is the ability to predict an outcome. Whether it is the outcome of a test, a process, a service, a product or all of the above – there are a few foundational concepts within Lean Six Sigma that will improve your ability to predict project outcomes.
This session will demonstrate how the concept of variation applies to problem solving, and why management by fact is not just a luxury – it's a necessity. It will also demonstrate that while it is good to expect workers to do things right the first time, it is smart to make it impossible for them to do things wrong the first time.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Six sigma methodology :R. S. Reosekar & D. Pohekar(2014)sadia butt
This document summarizes a literature review of 179 research articles on Six Sigma published between 1995 and 2011. The review finds that empirical research on Six Sigma has increased over time but more is needed. There is also a need for more collaboration between academics and industry and integrated research that combines Six Sigma with other methodologies. While frameworks and models of Six Sigma implementation have been proposed, no model fully addresses the relationships between constructs or the effects of one element on another. The review identifies gaps in the research including the need for studies in non-manufacturing sectors and more globally diverse authorship.
This document provides an overview of Six Sigma at Ericsson. It discusses the history and concepts of Six Sigma, how it has been implemented organically at Ericsson since 1996, and its deployment structure which includes Champions, Black Belts, Green Belts, and other roles. Six Sigma is presented as a systematic and focused approach using statistical tools to fulfill business objectives by reducing variation and costs. The importance of change management is also emphasized for successful Six Sigma performance and deployment.
Six sigma is a statistical concept that measures quality in terms of defects. Achieving six sigma means processes deliver only 3.4 defects per million opportunities. It was developed by Motorola to improve quality by reducing defects and variability. Six sigma seeks measurable financial returns through projects following DMAIC or DMADV methodologies. Successful implementation requires executive leadership, champions, master black belts, black belts, and green belts filling clearly defined roles and working together.
Six Sigma is a set of techniques and tools for process improvement that aims to reduce defects to 3.4 defects per million opportunities. It was pioneered by Motorola and General Electric in manufacturing to improve quality and reliability. The key aspects of Six Sigma are specifying quality from the customer's perspective, defining defects, ensuring process capability, reducing variation, achieving stable operations, and designing for Six Sigma. Communication is important for successful implementation to address resistance to change. Benefits include reduced costs and waste, improved understanding of customer needs, and more robust products and processes. Many companies have successfully implemented Six Sigma including Motorola, 3M, and General Cable.
The document discusses Six Sigma, a statistical approach to process improvement. It was developed by Motorola in the 1970s to improve quality by identifying and removing defects. Six Sigma aims to reduce variation and prevent deficiencies through techniques like DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) and DMADV (Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify). It utilizes belts, champions, masters belts, and executives for implementation. Case studies show how Samsung adopted Six Sigma to remedy defects, reduce costs, improve cycle time, and increase customer satisfaction.
Six Sigma as a Quality and Continuous Improvement Strategyvivatechijri
As Global competition hikes, Quality become the highest priority in today manufacturing world.
Competitiveness, innovation and performance are the key words that best define the goals of this business
environment. Under the given circumstance concepts like quality and continuous improvement become important
actors in achieving these goals. These programs were instituted within the 1980s and early 1990s as response to
the “economic growth and manufacturing dominance of Japanese industries”. Most of these programs, are “Justin-Time (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM), KAIZEN, Poka-yoke” were based partly on the tenets and
results of the Toyota Production System (TPS) that was established in an evolutionary manner since the 1950s
through the work of W. Edwards Deming and Taiichi Ohno. for many years, TQM has been a dominant
management concept for improving competitiveness and financial results. In recent years, however TQM seems
to have lost variety of its nimbus with other concepts and approaches like Lean Enterprise and Six sigma launched
and increasingly stylish. These aims of this paper is to clarify that sigma could also be alternative for its
predecessor i.e. TQM and their similarities and differences to sort out whether the two ideas truly are various
dishes or contain the indistinguishable fixings in various.
Improve performance through Lean - Six Sigma managementGhinea Rodica
First steps for improving the performance of companies using Lean Six Sigma methodology, starting with manufacturing and supply chain departments (partial presentation).
A Review: Six Sigma Implementation Practice in Manufacturing IndustriesIJERA Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that reviews the practice of Six Sigma implementation in manufacturing industries. It discusses the key steps of the DMAIC methodology used in Six Sigma projects. Case studies from nine industries are presented that implemented Six Sigma through DMAIC to improve processes and reduce defects. Common tools used at each DMAIC phase are identified, such as Pareto charts, cause-and-effect diagrams, and control charts. The case studies achieved benefits like cost savings, reduced defects, and improved process cycle times through Six Sigma.
The document discusses the importance of customer focus and satisfaction for organizations. It states that customer needs should drive production and service systems in order to create satisfied, loyal customers. It also describes tools for identifying and segmenting customer groups and collecting customer feedback, such as listening posts and surveys. Additionally, it discusses the need for organizations to link customer input to their design, production and service delivery processes in order to meet and exceed customer expectations.
This document introduces the DMAIC methodology for improvement projects and problem solving at NCE. DMAIC will be the single methodology used across the company, focusing initially on manufacturing. It describes the key roles in DMAIC projects like Belts, Champions, and Sponsors. Coaching models are outlined to train Green Belts, with remote or joint sessions depending on feasibility. The goals are to build DMAIC capability over time and sustain improvements to support business growth.
This document provides an overview of Six Sigma, including:
1) Six Sigma aims to reduce defects and improve quality by measuring and reducing process variation. It targets a defect rate of 3.4 defects per million opportunities.
2) Six Sigma was pioneered by Motorola in the 1980s and focuses on being customer-centric, producing major returns on investment, and changing management operations.
3) Implementing Six Sigma involves extensive training and aims to achieve near-perfect quality levels by targeting six sigma, which is a defect rate of 0.0002%
Six Sigma is a data-driven approach and methodology for process improvement originally developed by Motorola. It aims to reduce defects and variation in manufacturing and business processes. The document discusses the history and key aspects of Six Sigma such as the DMAIC approach, tools used in each phase like process mapping, root cause analysis, and improvement techniques like 5S, poka-yoke, and FMEA. Implementing Six Sigma through the DMAIC approach can help organizations optimize processes and improve quality, productivity, and customer satisfaction.
Industrial Examples - Concept of Six Sigma in Total Quality Management Dr.Raja R
Industrial Examples - Concept of Six Sigma in Total Quality Management, How Six Sigma is Used in Different Industries., Healthcare, Software, Oil and Gas, Government,
Six Sigma Deployement Plan: A Case StudyAyat A. Saleh
The purpose of this case study is to present a Six Sigma Deployment Plan in a company. This case study was submitted as a part of the 'Quality, Reliability and Maintenance' course in the University of Warwick, United Kingdom, 2015. For more information, you can check this blog post: https://ayatsaleh.com/2017/01/15/six-sigma-journey/
Six Sigma is a data-driven methodology for process improvement originally developed by Motorola in 1986. It aims to reduce defects to 3.4 per million opportunities. General Electric adopted Six Sigma in the 1990s and achieved significant cost savings. The third generation combines Lean techniques with Six Sigma. Companies use the DMAIC framework involving Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control phases. Six Sigma projects have helped many companies realize hundreds of millions of dollars in savings through eliminating waste and reducing defects.
This document is a seminar report on Six Sigma methodology presented by Alan Kurien Punnose to the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Amal Jyothi College of Engineering in September 2011. The report provides background on the development of Six Sigma, from its origins at Motorola in the 1980s to its adoption by other large companies. It discusses the objectives and scope of Six Sigma, which has expanded beyond manufacturing to many other industries. The report also outlines the Six Sigma methodology, including the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) process.
This document discusses the implementation of Six Sigma in construction projects. It begins by defining Six Sigma as a statistical concept that measures process quality in terms of defects per million opportunities, with six sigma meaning 3.4 defects. It then explains the DMAIC methodology, which includes five phases - Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control - used to enhance existing processes. The document provides details on each DMAIC phase and how they can be applied to construction projects to reduce defects, costs, and improve quality and efficiency.
Six Sigma is a set of techniques and tools for process improvement. It was developed by Motorola in the 1980s to reduce defects but aims for near perfect processes. The goal of Six Sigma is to reduce process variation and defects to 3.4 defects per million opportunities. It uses methodologies like DMAIC for improvement and DMADV for new process design. Key benefits include increased profits by eliminating defects and accelerating improvement rates. Common roles include Champions, Master Black Belts, Black Belts, and Green Belts. Tools include control charts, Pareto charts, and design of experiments. Many major companies worldwide have implemented Six Sigma.
Six Sigma is a data-driven methodology for eliminating defects in manufacturing and business processes. It aims to reduce variation and errors through statistical methods. Key aspects include defining critical quality attributes, measuring defects and process capability, analyzing sources of variation, improving processes through design changes, and controlling processes through statistical process control methods. The DMAIC and DMADV methodologies provide frameworks for improving existing processes and designing new defect-free processes. Six Sigma has been widely adopted by major companies and yielded significant cost savings and quality improvements.
Lean six sigma and process excellence helps organisations to improve their productivity and reduce waste in the activities of management and operations. Here you can find out and learn about lean six sigma and its important aspects. Anexas Consultancy helps entrepreneurs and professional to grow their business and career in right direction. You can find more information here:http://www.leansixsigma.co.in/readmore.php?Service_Details&id=1
This document provides an introduction and overview of Six Sigma. It begins with a brief history of Six Sigma, noting its origins at Motorola in 1981 in response to Japanese competition. It then discusses some key Six Sigma concepts, including that it is a highly disciplined process to develop near-perfect products and services, it aims for 3.4 defects per million opportunities, and that it is a philosophy, statistical measurement, business strategy, and project management framework. The document then covers some differences between Six Sigma and traditional business excellence approaches. It also provides definitions of some common Six Sigma terms. Finally, it discusses the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control project framework and causes and effects analysis tools used in Six Sigma
Process Improvement Through Use Of Lean Six Sigma Methods 110609maedog
Saint Luke's Hospital and Missouri Enterprise are collaborating to improve processes at Saint Luke's using Lean Six Sigma methods. Saint Luke's is a large non-profit hospital that has participated in over 10 Lean Six Sigma projects through a partnership with Missouri Enterprise, a consulting firm specialized in process improvement. These projects have reduced waste, defects, and costs while improving safety, communication, and leadership awareness of processes. The presentation introduces common Lean and Six Sigma tools and provides an example of mapping a process's suppliers, inputs, outputs, customers, and requirements.
Six sigma,SIPOC, Fact based decison makingsadia butt
This document provides an overview of Six Sigma, including its origins at Motorola in 1986 and how it is used today in various industries. It discusses the Six Sigma methodology, which involves defining, measuring, analyzing, improving, and controlling processes to minimize defects. Key aspects of Six Sigma covered include the DMAIC and DMADV methodologies, quality management tools used, benefits, and applications in large and small organizations. The document also discusses analytical approaches to decision making, including collecting and analyzing data factually before making logical conclusions.
A LEAN SIX-SIGMA MANUFACTURING PROCESS CASE STUDYLinda Garcia
This document summarizes a case study on applying Lean Six Sigma principles to improve a manufacturing process. It discusses how Lean Six Sigma (LSS) was introduced to reduce defects and improve quality in manufacturing. The case study aims to identify issues in implementing LSS and apply its principles to eliminate waste in a production process. Data was collected through interviews and surveys to identify sources of waste. A new value stream map was then created to redesign the process and eliminate root causes of waste using LSS tools and methodology. The results showed benefits of applying LSS include reduced lead time, work in process, and variations in production.
Six Sigma is a process improvement methodology that seeks to reduce defects and variability in manufacturing and business processes. It was originally developed by Motorola in 1986 and was later adopted by other companies like General Electric. The textile industry is well-suited for Six Sigma given the variability in its processes. Key aspects of Six Sigma include defining, measuring, analyzing, improving, and controlling quality to reduce defects. It utilizes statistical tools and creates roles like Champions, Black Belts, Green Belts to lead projects. The document outlines potential areas for Six Sigma application in the textile industry and how it has been used successfully by companies like DuPont to improve productivity and quality.
The document discusses Six Sigma, a statistical approach to process improvement. It was developed by Motorola in the 1970s to improve quality by identifying and removing defects. Six Sigma aims to reduce variation and prevent deficiencies through techniques like DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) and DMADV (Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify). It utilizes belts, champions, masters belts, and executives for implementation. Case studies show how Samsung adopted Six Sigma to remedy defects, reduce costs, improve cycle time, and increase customer satisfaction.
Six Sigma as a Quality and Continuous Improvement Strategyvivatechijri
As Global competition hikes, Quality become the highest priority in today manufacturing world.
Competitiveness, innovation and performance are the key words that best define the goals of this business
environment. Under the given circumstance concepts like quality and continuous improvement become important
actors in achieving these goals. These programs were instituted within the 1980s and early 1990s as response to
the “economic growth and manufacturing dominance of Japanese industries”. Most of these programs, are “Justin-Time (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM), KAIZEN, Poka-yoke” were based partly on the tenets and
results of the Toyota Production System (TPS) that was established in an evolutionary manner since the 1950s
through the work of W. Edwards Deming and Taiichi Ohno. for many years, TQM has been a dominant
management concept for improving competitiveness and financial results. In recent years, however TQM seems
to have lost variety of its nimbus with other concepts and approaches like Lean Enterprise and Six sigma launched
and increasingly stylish. These aims of this paper is to clarify that sigma could also be alternative for its
predecessor i.e. TQM and their similarities and differences to sort out whether the two ideas truly are various
dishes or contain the indistinguishable fixings in various.
Improve performance through Lean - Six Sigma managementGhinea Rodica
First steps for improving the performance of companies using Lean Six Sigma methodology, starting with manufacturing and supply chain departments (partial presentation).
A Review: Six Sigma Implementation Practice in Manufacturing IndustriesIJERA Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that reviews the practice of Six Sigma implementation in manufacturing industries. It discusses the key steps of the DMAIC methodology used in Six Sigma projects. Case studies from nine industries are presented that implemented Six Sigma through DMAIC to improve processes and reduce defects. Common tools used at each DMAIC phase are identified, such as Pareto charts, cause-and-effect diagrams, and control charts. The case studies achieved benefits like cost savings, reduced defects, and improved process cycle times through Six Sigma.
The document discusses the importance of customer focus and satisfaction for organizations. It states that customer needs should drive production and service systems in order to create satisfied, loyal customers. It also describes tools for identifying and segmenting customer groups and collecting customer feedback, such as listening posts and surveys. Additionally, it discusses the need for organizations to link customer input to their design, production and service delivery processes in order to meet and exceed customer expectations.
This document introduces the DMAIC methodology for improvement projects and problem solving at NCE. DMAIC will be the single methodology used across the company, focusing initially on manufacturing. It describes the key roles in DMAIC projects like Belts, Champions, and Sponsors. Coaching models are outlined to train Green Belts, with remote or joint sessions depending on feasibility. The goals are to build DMAIC capability over time and sustain improvements to support business growth.
This document provides an overview of Six Sigma, including:
1) Six Sigma aims to reduce defects and improve quality by measuring and reducing process variation. It targets a defect rate of 3.4 defects per million opportunities.
2) Six Sigma was pioneered by Motorola in the 1980s and focuses on being customer-centric, producing major returns on investment, and changing management operations.
3) Implementing Six Sigma involves extensive training and aims to achieve near-perfect quality levels by targeting six sigma, which is a defect rate of 0.0002%
Six Sigma is a data-driven approach and methodology for process improvement originally developed by Motorola. It aims to reduce defects and variation in manufacturing and business processes. The document discusses the history and key aspects of Six Sigma such as the DMAIC approach, tools used in each phase like process mapping, root cause analysis, and improvement techniques like 5S, poka-yoke, and FMEA. Implementing Six Sigma through the DMAIC approach can help organizations optimize processes and improve quality, productivity, and customer satisfaction.
Industrial Examples - Concept of Six Sigma in Total Quality Management Dr.Raja R
Industrial Examples - Concept of Six Sigma in Total Quality Management, How Six Sigma is Used in Different Industries., Healthcare, Software, Oil and Gas, Government,
Six Sigma Deployement Plan: A Case StudyAyat A. Saleh
The purpose of this case study is to present a Six Sigma Deployment Plan in a company. This case study was submitted as a part of the 'Quality, Reliability and Maintenance' course in the University of Warwick, United Kingdom, 2015. For more information, you can check this blog post: https://ayatsaleh.com/2017/01/15/six-sigma-journey/
Six Sigma is a data-driven methodology for process improvement originally developed by Motorola in 1986. It aims to reduce defects to 3.4 per million opportunities. General Electric adopted Six Sigma in the 1990s and achieved significant cost savings. The third generation combines Lean techniques with Six Sigma. Companies use the DMAIC framework involving Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control phases. Six Sigma projects have helped many companies realize hundreds of millions of dollars in savings through eliminating waste and reducing defects.
This document is a seminar report on Six Sigma methodology presented by Alan Kurien Punnose to the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Amal Jyothi College of Engineering in September 2011. The report provides background on the development of Six Sigma, from its origins at Motorola in the 1980s to its adoption by other large companies. It discusses the objectives and scope of Six Sigma, which has expanded beyond manufacturing to many other industries. The report also outlines the Six Sigma methodology, including the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) process.
This document discusses the implementation of Six Sigma in construction projects. It begins by defining Six Sigma as a statistical concept that measures process quality in terms of defects per million opportunities, with six sigma meaning 3.4 defects. It then explains the DMAIC methodology, which includes five phases - Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control - used to enhance existing processes. The document provides details on each DMAIC phase and how they can be applied to construction projects to reduce defects, costs, and improve quality and efficiency.
Six Sigma is a set of techniques and tools for process improvement. It was developed by Motorola in the 1980s to reduce defects but aims for near perfect processes. The goal of Six Sigma is to reduce process variation and defects to 3.4 defects per million opportunities. It uses methodologies like DMAIC for improvement and DMADV for new process design. Key benefits include increased profits by eliminating defects and accelerating improvement rates. Common roles include Champions, Master Black Belts, Black Belts, and Green Belts. Tools include control charts, Pareto charts, and design of experiments. Many major companies worldwide have implemented Six Sigma.
Six Sigma is a data-driven methodology for eliminating defects in manufacturing and business processes. It aims to reduce variation and errors through statistical methods. Key aspects include defining critical quality attributes, measuring defects and process capability, analyzing sources of variation, improving processes through design changes, and controlling processes through statistical process control methods. The DMAIC and DMADV methodologies provide frameworks for improving existing processes and designing new defect-free processes. Six Sigma has been widely adopted by major companies and yielded significant cost savings and quality improvements.
Lean six sigma and process excellence helps organisations to improve their productivity and reduce waste in the activities of management and operations. Here you can find out and learn about lean six sigma and its important aspects. Anexas Consultancy helps entrepreneurs and professional to grow their business and career in right direction. You can find more information here:http://www.leansixsigma.co.in/readmore.php?Service_Details&id=1
This document provides an introduction and overview of Six Sigma. It begins with a brief history of Six Sigma, noting its origins at Motorola in 1981 in response to Japanese competition. It then discusses some key Six Sigma concepts, including that it is a highly disciplined process to develop near-perfect products and services, it aims for 3.4 defects per million opportunities, and that it is a philosophy, statistical measurement, business strategy, and project management framework. The document then covers some differences between Six Sigma and traditional business excellence approaches. It also provides definitions of some common Six Sigma terms. Finally, it discusses the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control project framework and causes and effects analysis tools used in Six Sigma
Process Improvement Through Use Of Lean Six Sigma Methods 110609maedog
Saint Luke's Hospital and Missouri Enterprise are collaborating to improve processes at Saint Luke's using Lean Six Sigma methods. Saint Luke's is a large non-profit hospital that has participated in over 10 Lean Six Sigma projects through a partnership with Missouri Enterprise, a consulting firm specialized in process improvement. These projects have reduced waste, defects, and costs while improving safety, communication, and leadership awareness of processes. The presentation introduces common Lean and Six Sigma tools and provides an example of mapping a process's suppliers, inputs, outputs, customers, and requirements.
Six sigma,SIPOC, Fact based decison makingsadia butt
This document provides an overview of Six Sigma, including its origins at Motorola in 1986 and how it is used today in various industries. It discusses the Six Sigma methodology, which involves defining, measuring, analyzing, improving, and controlling processes to minimize defects. Key aspects of Six Sigma covered include the DMAIC and DMADV methodologies, quality management tools used, benefits, and applications in large and small organizations. The document also discusses analytical approaches to decision making, including collecting and analyzing data factually before making logical conclusions.
A LEAN SIX-SIGMA MANUFACTURING PROCESS CASE STUDYLinda Garcia
This document summarizes a case study on applying Lean Six Sigma principles to improve a manufacturing process. It discusses how Lean Six Sigma (LSS) was introduced to reduce defects and improve quality in manufacturing. The case study aims to identify issues in implementing LSS and apply its principles to eliminate waste in a production process. Data was collected through interviews and surveys to identify sources of waste. A new value stream map was then created to redesign the process and eliminate root causes of waste using LSS tools and methodology. The results showed benefits of applying LSS include reduced lead time, work in process, and variations in production.
Six Sigma is a process improvement methodology that seeks to reduce defects and variability in manufacturing and business processes. It was originally developed by Motorola in 1986 and was later adopted by other companies like General Electric. The textile industry is well-suited for Six Sigma given the variability in its processes. Key aspects of Six Sigma include defining, measuring, analyzing, improving, and controlling quality to reduce defects. It utilizes statistical tools and creates roles like Champions, Black Belts, Green Belts to lead projects. The document outlines potential areas for Six Sigma application in the textile industry and how it has been used successfully by companies like DuPont to improve productivity and quality.
This is complete research and study on the Six sigma and its methodology with case studies of Motorola and GE etc. This will help you a lot in understanding Six Sigma in Detail.
Quality Improvement in Low Pressure Die Casting Of Automobile Cylinder Head U...paperpublications3
Abstract: Six Sigma is one of the best developing methodologies for quality confirmation and administration in Automobile parts manufacturing. In this research, Quality management tools such as Data Analysis, Pareto charts, Cause and Effect diagrams, Process capability study, Failure Mode Effect Analysis(FMEA), Design of Experiments(DOE), Visual and Control charts etc. are used in characterizing the problems to discover the underlying drivers for the problems and doing tests so as to propose improvements, through which the organization could acquire quality and soundness all the while. The project will be focused on the quality improvement of major defect in cylinder head which were produced by low pressure die casting machines in an Auto mobile manufacturing company. In this project the main defect cause this rejection is “Misrun” which is observed in low pressure die casting of cylinder head. Using the Six Sigma method the DPMO reduces from 16400 to 7800. Further improvement in the rejection is expected in the long run after the continous implementation of all the solutions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
This document provides a review of Six Sigma, which is a statistical process used to improve quality in manufacturing. It discusses Six Sigma as both a metric and methodology. The document outlines the origins and development of Six Sigma since it was created by Motorola in 1981. It describes the DMAIC and DFSS phases used in Six Sigma. It also discusses key factors for successful Six Sigma implementation, such as management commitment, understanding the methodology, linking it to business strategy, training, and cultural change. The conclusion states that Six Sigma helps assure quality and satisfy customers by aiming to reduce defects per million opportunities to 3.4 or less.
Impact on integration of Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma in various applicat...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Lean Manufacturing is a concept of improving the speed and efficiency of an organization by
eliminating waste. On the other hand Six Sigma is a continuous improvement plan that is proposed to reduce
variability. This paper presents the concept of integrating Lean manufacturing and six sigma, and the approach
how the two concepts are merged in industries to increase the product through put and to improve the quality of
the product by reducing the process variability. An approach to L6σ is also reviewed along with its Application.
Keywords - Lean Manufacturing, Six Sigma, L6
Adoption Of Six Sigma DMAIC To Reduce Cost Of Poor QualitySabrina Baloi
The document describes a case study where a company adopted Six Sigma DMAIC methodology to address the chronic problem of failure of cooling fan assemblies during repair. The company defined the problem, measured failure rates, analyzed root causes through tools like Pareto analysis, and improved processes by designing new software and equipment. These recommendations are estimated to save $34 lacs annually by reducing costs from rework. The case demonstrates how Six Sigma DMAIC can successfully reduce costs from poor quality during repair and maintenance.
Six Sigma is a methodology for continuous improvement and creating high-quality products and processes. It involves using statistical tools and a DMAIC or DMADV approach. Motorola developed Six Sigma in the 1980s and saw over $17 billion in savings from 1986-2004 by reducing defects. General Electric widely adopted Six Sigma in the late 1990s and realized billions in annual savings. The document describes how Catalent Pharma Solutions applied Six Sigma processes like control charts to improve efficiency and prevent losses worth $50,000 on a proprietary product.
This document provides an introduction to the concepts and methodology of Six Sigma. It discusses how Six Sigma originated from efforts to improve quality at Motorola and other companies in the 1980s-1990s. Six Sigma aims to reduce defects to 3.4 per million opportunities through a data-driven approach to process improvement. The DMAIC methodology involves defining a process problem, measuring key aspects, analyzing sources of variation, improving the process, and controlling changes. Wide adoption of Six Sigma led to significant financial benefits and quality improvements for early adopters like Motorola, GE, and Allied Signal.
The document provides an overview of Six Sigma, including:
1) Six Sigma is a data-driven approach to process improvement that aims to reduce defects. It uses statistical tools and methodology applied to projects selected for high impact.
2) Major companies like GE and Motorola have successfully adopted Six Sigma, achieving significant cost savings and quality improvements.
3) Six Sigma aims for near-perfect processes, with less than 3.4 defects per million opportunities. Achieving six sigma quality levels can have substantial financial benefits for companies.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
The document discusses the history and methodology of Six Sigma. It began at Motorola in the 1980s to reduce defects in manufacturing processes. General Electric popularized it further in the 1990s. Six Sigma uses statistical methods and aims for near-zero defect rates. It certifies practitioners as Yellow Belts, Green Belts, Black Belts and Master Black Belts. Common project methodologies are DMAIC for improvement and DMADV for new product design. The document also provides case studies of Six Sigma implementation at Samsung and LG Electronics which achieved significant quality and cost improvements.
Six Sigma Implementation to reduce rejection rate of Pump Casings at local Ma...IOSR Journals
Six Sigma is being Implemented all over the World as a successful Quality Improvement
Methodology. This article provides a description of Six Sigma Project implemented at Local manufacturing
Company. The Company Manufactures Pump Casings where it was receiving high nonconformance rate that
resulted in to Rejection of Product. This study deals with Six Sigma DMAIC methodology implementation and
gives a frame work of how the non-conformance rate was first monitored and then brought in to acceptance
limits. A complete Coverage of the statistical analysis performed during the study is given and results are
shown to describe that how Six Sigma helped the Project members to Improve Quality of Pump casings at
manufacturing facility.
1) Six Sigma is a data-driven methodology originally developed by Motorola in 1986 to improve business processes and minimize defects. It aims for nearly flawless process performance.
2) The methodology uses statistical methods and creates special infrastructure to identify and remove causes of defects. Projects follow the DMAIC or DMADV process to either improve existing processes or design new ones.
3) Six Sigma has been adopted by many organizations and evolved over time to not just be about reducing defects but also achieving high customer satisfaction through stable and consistent business processes. It is now a popular management system and industry.
IRJET- Quality Audit of Public Building Project by using Six Sigma TechniquesIRJET Journal
This document discusses using Six Sigma techniques to improve the quality of public building projects. It begins with an abstract that introduces Six Sigma as a data-driven approach to reducing defects. The document then provides background on Six Sigma, including its DMAIC methodology of Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control. It discusses applying Six Sigma principles like DMAIC to a case study of a public sector construction project to improve quality and meet standards. The document also reviews literature on applying Six Sigma in construction and defines key aspects of Six Sigma, such as its metrics and belt system. Overall, the document examines how Six Sigma techniques can help construction projects reduce defects and variability to enhance quality.
This document provides an overview of Six Sigma, including:
1) It discusses the historical development and evolution of Six Sigma from its origins at Motorola to address quality issues, to its adoption more broadly by companies to improve business performance.
2) It describes the key aspects of Six Sigma including the belt system for trained personnel, the DMAIC problem-solving approach, and strategies for deploying Six Sigma company-wide.
3) It explains how statistical methods play a central role in Six Sigma for reducing variability, removing defects, and eliminating waste to improve quality and business results.
This document provides an overview of Six Sigma, a quality improvement program. It defines Six Sigma as a statistical measure that aims for 3.4 defects per million opportunities. The document outlines the DMAIC methodology used in Six Sigma, which stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. It is used to improve existing business processes. The DMADV methodology is also introduced, which is used for new product or process design. In conclusion, Six Sigma is a data-driven approach that systematically works to reduce defects and variability, improving quality and profitability through removing the causes of defects in processes.
The advancement & effect of six sigma approach in a modernIAEME Publication
This document summarizes research on the advancement and effects of Six Sigma approaches in modern industries. It finds that Six Sigma has been successfully applied in manufacturing industries to improve processes using DMAIC methodology. Some large corporations have integrated Six Sigma so well into their culture that it has become the foundation of the company. The document also examines key factors for successful Six Sigma implementation, such as management commitment, understanding of Six Sigma tools and techniques, linking Six Sigma to business strategy and customers, project selection and tracking, organizational infrastructure, and cultural change. Overall, the research finds that Six Sigma activities can contribute to process management refreshment, quality improvement, and increased corporate competitiveness.
Similar to Elimination of rework in V Cap by Using Six Sigma Methodology (20)
A Novel Method for Prevention of Bandwidth Distributed Denial of Service AttacksIJERD Editor
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks became a massive threat to the Internet. Traditional
Architecture of internet is vulnerable to the attacks like DDoS. Attacker primarily acquire his army of Zombies,
then that army will be instructed by the Attacker that when to start an attack and on whom the attack should be
done. In this paper, different techniques which are used to perform DDoS Attacks, Tools that were used to
perform Attacks and Countermeasures in order to detect the attackers and eliminate the Bandwidth Distributed
Denial of Service attacks (B-DDoS) are reviewed. DDoS Attacks were done by using various Flooding
techniques which are used in DDoS attack.
The main purpose of this paper is to design an architecture which can reduce the Bandwidth
Distributed Denial of service Attack and make the victim site or server available for the normal users by
eliminating the zombie machines. Our Primary focus of this paper is to dispute how normal machines are
turning into zombies (Bots), how attack is been initiated, DDoS attack procedure and how an organization can
save their server from being a DDoS victim. In order to present this we implemented a simulated environment
with Cisco switches, Routers, Firewall, some virtual machines and some Attack tools to display a real DDoS
attack. By using Time scheduling, Resource Limiting, System log, Access Control List and some Modular
policy Framework we stopped the attack and identified the Attacker (Bot) machines
Hearing loss is one of the most common human impairments. It is estimated that by year 2015 more
than 700 million people will suffer mild deafness. Most can be helped by hearing aid devices depending on the
severity of their hearing loss. This paper describes the implementation and characterization details of a dual
channel transmitter front end (TFE) for digital hearing aid (DHA) applications that use novel micro
electromechanical- systems (MEMS) audio transducers and ultra-low power-scalable analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs), which enable a very-low form factor, energy-efficient implementation for next-generation
DHA. The contribution of the design is the implementation of the dual channel MEMS microphones and powerscalable
ADC system.
Influence of tensile behaviour of slab on the structural Behaviour of shear c...IJERD Editor
-A composite beam is composed of a steel beam and a slab connected by means of shear connectors
like studs installed on the top flange of the steel beam to form a structure behaving monolithically. This study
analyzes the effects of the tensile behavior of the slab on the structural behavior of the shear connection like slip
stiffness and maximum shear force in composite beams subjected to hogging moment. The results show that the
shear studs located in the crack-concentration zones due to large hogging moments sustain significantly smaller
shear force and slip stiffness than the other zones. Moreover, the reduction of the slip stiffness in the shear
connection appears also to be closely related to the change in the tensile strain of rebar according to the increase
of the load. Further experimental and analytical studies shall be conducted considering variables such as the
reinforcement ratio and the arrangement of shear connectors to achieve efficient design of the shear connection
in composite beams subjected to hogging moment.
Gold prospecting using Remote Sensing ‘A case study of Sudan’IJERD Editor
Gold has been extracted from northeast Africa for more than 5000 years, and this may be the first
place where the metal was extracted. The Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) is an exposure of Precambrian
crystalline rocks on the flanks of the Red Sea. The crystalline rocks are mostly Neoproterozoic in age. ANS
includes the nations of Israel, Jordan. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Yemen, and Somalia.
Arabian Nubian Shield Consists of juvenile continental crest that formed between 900 550 Ma, when intra
oceanic arc welded together along ophiolite decorated arc. Primary Au mineralization probably developed in
association with the growth of intra oceanic arc and evolution of back arc. Multiple episodes of deformation
have obscured the primary metallogenic setting, but at least some of the deposits preserve evidence that they
originate as sea floor massive sulphide deposits.
The Red Sea Hills Region is a vast span of rugged, harsh and inhospitable sector of the Earth with
inimical moon-like terrain, nevertheless since ancient times it is famed to be an abode of gold and was a major
source of wealth for the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt. The Pharaohs old workings have been periodically
rediscovered through time. Recent endeavours by the Geological Research Authority of Sudan led to the
discovery of a score of occurrences with gold and massive sulphide mineralizations. In the nineties of the
previous century the Geological Research Authority of Sudan (GRAS) in cooperation with BRGM utilized
satellite data of Landsat TM using spectral ratio technique to map possible mineralized zones in the Red Sea
Hills of Sudan. The outcome of the study mapped a gossan type gold mineralization. Band ratio technique was
applied to Arbaat area and a signature of alteration zone was detected. The alteration zones are commonly
associated with mineralization. The alteration zones are commonly associated with mineralization. A filed check
confirmed the existence of stock work of gold bearing quartz in the alteration zone. Another type of gold
mineralization that was discovered using remote sensing is the gold associated with metachert in the Atmur
Desert.
Reducing Corrosion Rate by Welding DesignIJERD Editor
This document summarizes a study on reducing corrosion rates in steel through welding design. The researchers tested different welding groove designs (X, V, 1/2X, 1/2V) and preheating temperatures (400°C, 500°C, 600°C) on ferritic malleable iron samples. Testing found that X and V groove designs with 500°C and 600°C preheating had corrosion rates of 0.5-0.69% weight loss after 14 days, compared to 0.57-0.76% for 400°C preheating. Higher preheating reduced residual stresses which decreased corrosion. Residual stresses were 1.7 MPa for optimal X groove and 600°C
Router 1X3 – RTL Design and VerificationIJERD Editor
Routing is the process of moving a packet of data from source to destination and enables messages
to pass from one computer to another and eventually reach the target machine. A router is a networking device
that forwards data packets between computer networks. It is connected to two or more data lines from different
networks (as opposed to a network switch, which connects data lines from one single network). This paper,
mainly emphasizes upon the study of router device, it‟s top level architecture, and how various sub-modules of
router i.e. Register, FIFO, FSM and Synchronizer are synthesized, and simulated and finally connected to its top
module.
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
Mitigation of Voltage Sag/Swell with Fuzzy Control Reduced Rating DVRIJERD Editor
Power quality has been an issue that is becoming increasingly pivotal in industrial electricity
consumers point of view in recent times. Modern industries employ Sensitive power electronic equipments,
control devices and non-linear loads as part of automated processes to increase energy efficiency and
productivity. Voltage disturbances are the most common power quality problem due to this the use of a large
numbers of sophisticated and sensitive electronic equipment in industrial systems is increased. This paper
discusses the design and simulation of dynamic voltage restorer for improvement of power quality and
reduce the harmonics distortion of sensitive loads. Power quality problem is occurring at non-standard
voltage, current and frequency. Electronic devices are very sensitive loads. In power system voltage sag,
swell, flicker and harmonics are some of the problem to the sensitive load. The compensation capability
of a DVR depends primarily on the maximum voltage injection ability and the amount of stored
energy available within the restorer. This device is connected in series with the distribution feeder at
medium voltage. A fuzzy logic control is used to produce the gate pulses for control circuit of DVR and the
circuit is simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Study on the Fused Deposition Modelling In Additive ManufacturingIJERD Editor
Additive manufacturing process, also popularly known as 3-D printing, is a process where a product
is created in a succession of layers. It is based on a novel materials incremental manufacturing philosophy.
Unlike conventional manufacturing processes where material is removed from a given work price to derive the
final shape of a product, 3-D printing develops the product from scratch thus obviating the necessity to cut away
materials. This prevents wastage of raw materials. Commonly used raw materials for the process are ABS
plastic, PLA and nylon. Recently the use of gold, bronze and wood has also been implemented. The complexity
factor of this process is 0% as in any object of any shape and size can be manufactured.
Spyware triggering system by particular string valueIJERD Editor
This computer programme can be used for good and bad purpose in hacking or in any general
purpose. We can say it is next step for hacking techniques such as keylogger and spyware. Once in this system if
user or hacker store particular string as a input after that software continually compare typing activity of user
with that stored string and if it is match then launch spyware programme.
A Blind Steganalysis on JPEG Gray Level Image Based on Statistical Features a...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a blind steganalysis technique to effectively attack the JPEG steganographic
schemes i.e. Jsteg, F5, Outguess and DWT Based. The proposed method exploits the correlations between
block-DCTcoefficients from intra-block and inter-block relation and the statistical moments of characteristic
functions of the test image is selected as features. The features are extracted from the BDCT JPEG 2-array.
Support Vector Machine with cross-validation is implemented for the classification.The proposed scheme gives
improved outcome in attacking.
Secure Image Transmission for Cloud Storage System Using Hybrid SchemeIJERD Editor
- Data over the cloud is transferred or transmitted between servers and users. Privacy of that
data is very important as it belongs to personal information. If data get hacked by the hacker, can be
used to defame a person’s social data. Sometimes delay are held during data transmission. i.e. Mobile
communication, bandwidth is low. Hence compression algorithms are proposed for fast and efficient
transmission, encryption is used for security purposes and blurring is used by providing additional
layers of security. These algorithms are hybridized for having a robust and efficient security and
transmission over cloud storage system.
Application of Buckley-Leverett Equation in Modeling the Radius of Invasion i...IJERD Editor
A thorough review of existing literature indicates that the Buckley-Leverett equation only analyzes
waterflood practices directly without any adjustments on real reservoir scenarios. By doing so, quite a number
of errors are introduced into these analyses. Also, for most waterflood scenarios, a radial investigation is more
appropriate than a simplified linear system. This study investigates the adoption of the Buckley-Leverett
equation to estimate the radius invasion of the displacing fluid during waterflooding. The model is also adopted
for a Microbial flood and a comparative analysis is conducted for both waterflooding and microbial flooding.
Results shown from the analysis doesn’t only records a success in determining the radial distance of the leading
edge of water during the flooding process, but also gives a clearer understanding of the applicability of
microbes to enhance oil production through in-situ production of bio-products like bio surfactans, biogenic
gases, bio acids etc.
Gesture Gaming on the World Wide Web Using an Ordinary Web CameraIJERD Editor
- Gesture gaming is a method by which users having a laptop/pc/x-box play games using natural or
bodily gestures. This paper presents a way of playing free flash games on the internet using an ordinary webcam
with the help of open source technologies. Emphasis in human activity recognition is given on the pose
estimation and the consistency in the pose of the player. These are estimated with the help of an ordinary web
camera having different resolutions from VGA to 20mps. Our work involved giving a 10 second documentary to
the user on how to play a particular game using gestures and what are the various kinds of gestures that can be
performed in front of the system. The initial inputs of the RGB values for the gesture component is obtained by
instructing the user to place his component in a red box in about 10 seconds after the short documentary before
the game is finished. Later the system opens the concerned game on the internet on popular flash game sites like
miniclip, games arcade, GameStop etc and loads the game clicking at various places and brings the state to a
place where the user is to perform only gestures to start playing the game. At any point of time the user can call
off the game by hitting the esc key and the program will release all of the controls and return to the desktop. It
was noted that the results obtained using an ordinary webcam matched that of the Kinect and the users could
relive the gaming experience of the free flash games on the net. Therefore effective in game advertising could
also be achieved thus resulting in a disruptive growth to the advertising firms.
Hardware Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Isolated Circuits And...IJERD Editor
-LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region[5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits.
Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Different Tank Circu...IJERD Editor
LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region [5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits. The supported simulation
is done through PSIM 6.0 software tool
Amateurs Radio operator, also known as HAM communicates with other HAMs through Radio
waves. Wireless communication in which Moon is used as natural satellite is called Moon-bounce or EME
(Earth -Moon-Earth) technique. Long distance communication (DXing) using Very High Frequency (VHF)
operated amateur HAM radio was difficult. Even with the modest setup having good transceiver, power
amplifier and high gain antenna with high directivity, VHF DXing is possible. Generally 2X11 YAGI antenna
along with rotor to set horizontal and vertical angle is used. Moon tracking software gives exact location,
visibility of Moon at both the stations and other vital data to acquire real time position of moon.
“MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to Extract Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chrom...IJERD Editor
Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR), also known as Microsatellites, have been extensively used as
molecular markers due to their abundance and high degree of polymorphism. The nucleotide sequences of
polymorphic forms of the same gene should be 99.9% identical. So, Microsatellites extraction from the Gene is
crucial. However, Microsatellites repeat count is compared, if they differ largely, he has some disorder. The Y
chromosome likely contains 50 to 60 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. Because only males
have the Y chromosome, the genes on this chromosome tend to be involved in male sex determination and
development. Several Microsatellite Extractors exist and they fail to extract microsatellites on large data sets of
giga bytes and tera bytes in size. The proposed tool “MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to extract
Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chromosome” can extract both Perfect as well as Imperfect Microsatellites from large
data sets of human genome „Y‟. The proposed system uses string matching with sliding window approach to
locate Microsatellites and extracts them.
Importance of Measurements in Smart GridIJERD Editor
- The need to get reliable supply, independence from fossil fuels, and capability to provide clean
energy at a fixed and lower cost, the existing power grid structure is transforming into Smart Grid. The
development of a smart energy distribution grid is a current goal of many nations. A Smart Grid should have
new capabilities such as self-healing, high reliability, energy management, and real-time pricing. This new era
of smart future grid will lead to major changes in existing technologies at generation, transmission and
distribution levels. The incorporation of renewable energy resources and distribution generators in the existing
grid will increase the complexity, optimization problems and instability of the system. This will lead to a
paradigm shift in the instrumentation and control requirements for Smart Grids for high quality, stable and
reliable electricity supply of power. The monitoring of the grid system state and stability relies on the
availability of reliable measurement of data. In this paper the measurement areas that highlight new
measurement challenges, development of the Smart Meters and the critical parameters of electric energy to be
monitored for improving the reliability of power systems has been discussed.
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
The document summarizes a study on the use of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and limestone powder to replace cement in self-compacting concrete (SCC). Tests were conducted on SCC mixes with 0-50% replacement of cement with GGBS and 0-20% replacement with limestone powder. The results showed that replacing 30% of cement with GGBS and 15% with limestone powder produced SCC with the highest compressive strength of 46MPa, meeting fresh property requirements. The study concluded that this ternary blend of cement, GGBS and limestone powder can improve SCC properties while reducing costs.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Elimination of rework in V Cap by Using Six Sigma Methodology
1. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com
Volume 11, Issue 01 (January 2015), PP.57-62
57
Elimination of rework in V Cap by Using Six Sigma Methodology
Vaishali Kachru Avhad, Hemant Nandkishor Chinchole,
Mahesh Shivaji Gambhire, Amol Keru Ghuge, Prof. Firoj Umraobhai Pathan
Sandip Institute of Technology and Research Center, Mahiravani, Nashik.
Abstract:- The purpose of this project was to gain a strong understanding of Six Sigma management
philosophy, concepts, and practices and to apply this knowledge to creating a Six Sigma academic course or
training program. This was done through three main methods: preliminary research and data collection, the
creation of a design model for Six Sigma academic course program establishment, and the creation of a Six
Sigma academic course program syllabus. The preliminary research consisted of conducting a Six Sigma
knowledge survey with the students of Worcester Polytechnic Institute, interviewing a Six Sigma expert, and
examining current Six Sigma educational programs in other universities, businesses, and organizations. As a
result of our observations, we determined that Six Sigma has become a large part of many companies and should
be implemented into more engineering programs at universities nation-wide, including Worcester Polytechnic
Institute. This can be done through a project based course, as well as more Six Sigma based Interactive and
Major Qualifying Projects.
I. INTRODUCTION
Quality management has been an important management strategy for achieving competitive advantages
and improvements. Traditional quality concepts like Statistical Quality Control1, Statistical Process Control,
Zero Defects and Total Quality Management3, have been key players for many years; While Six Sigma is a
more recent initiative quality improvement to gain popularity and acceptance in many industries across the
world (Hendry and Nonthaleerak, 2005). The basic elements of Six Sigma like, Statistical Process Control,
Failure Mode Effect Analysis4, Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility and other tools that have been on
reduction of
1 - SQC
2 - SPC
3 - TQM
4 - FMEA
rejects and enhancing the quality. Six Sigma provides a framework in which all these tools can be performed
with management support.
II. SIX SIGMA METHODOLOGY
1.1 Six sigma Definition
The six sigma define as business process that allows companies to drastically improve their bottom line
by designing and monitoring everyday business activities in ways that minimize waste and resources while
increasing customer satisfaction by some of its proponents.(Andersson, etal 2006).
The term “Six Sigma” refers to a statistical measure of defect rate within a system. supported by statistical
techniques, it presents a structured and systematic approach to process improvement, aiming for a reduced
defect rate of 3.4 defects for-ever million opportunities, or Six Sigma.(Pepper,Spedding,2010)
1.2 Six sigma Hiwstory and Overview
The six-sigma methodology was developed at Motorola in 1987 in response to sub-standard product
quality traced in many cases to decisions made by engineers when designing component parts. Traditionally,
design engineers used the “three-sigma” rule when evaluating whether or not an acceptable proportion of
manufactured components would be supposed to meet tolerances. When a component’s tolerances were
consistent with a spread of six standard deviation units of process variation, about 99.7 percent of the
components for a centered process would be expected to conform to tolerances. That is, only 0.3 percent of parts
would be nonconforming to tolerances, which means that to3,000 defected parts per mil-lion (DPPM),(Arnheiter
and Maleyeff,2005).
The six sigma started by Motorola was the first company to launch a six sigma approach in the mid-
1980sIn 1988, where the Motorola specialized in electronic products, Bill Smith1986 is engineer and statistician
at Motorola, introduce the six sigma concept aiming to attack the existing quality problems in the company.
2. Elimination of rework in V Cap by Using Six Sigma Methodology
58
Motorola received the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, which led to an increased interest of
six sigma in other organizations, see Pyzdek (2001). Today, a number of global organizations have developed
six sigma approach of their own and six sigma is now established in almost every industry. (Andersson, etal
2006).
At Motorola, when studying the relationship between the quality of component and the quality of
finalproduct it was discovered that, from lot-to-lot, a process tended to shift amaximum of 1.5 sigma units
(McFadden, 1993). This concept is shown graphically in next Figure, which shows a centered process and
processes, shifted 1.5 sigma units in bothdirections. Table provides the relationship between component quality
and finalproduct quality, assuming that the full 1.5 sigma shift takes place. In next Table, Sigmalevel is the
standardized process variation (see Figure), OFD quality is the NCPPM if the process shifts a full 1.5 sigma
units, and the probabilities in the table provide the proportion of final products that will be free of defects. For
example, if the company sets a goal for final product quality of 99.7 percent and products include about 1,000
OFDs, then the 3.4 DPPM corresponding to the Six-Sigma methodology would became the standard against
which all decisions were made,(Arnheiter and Maleyeff,2005).
Fig.2 Process average shifting+/-1.5 Sigma units
Tab.1 Final product quality level (percentage conforming)
Six Sigma was started and developed at Motorola by an engineer Bill Smith in the mid-1980s.Six
Sigma is credited with playing a major role in the turnaround Motorola accomplished in their quality at the time
culminating in Motorola winning the 1988 Balding National Quality Award.(Snee, 2010)
Six sigma established the power implementation and Significant deployments lead by the chief
executive officers (CEOs) at Allied Signal and general electric (GE) was the next major step for the approach.
Welchpromoted Six Sigma aggressively inside and outside GE. The initiative established major usage across
business and industry; first in the USA and then globally.Most would agree that the state of “process excellence”
is the ultimate goal of Six Sigma improvement.(Snee, 2010)
1.3 Six sigma successful companies
There are two successful companies in implementing six sigma programs.
The first case is Volvo Cars in Sweden claims that the six sigma program hasdonated with over 55
million euro to the bottom line during 2000 and 2002. And, another company is the Business Unit of
Transmission & Transportation Networks at Ericsson located in Bora°s, Sweden. Ericsson in Bora°s has about
1,100 employees. According to Peter Ha¨yha¨nen, a promoter and educator at Ericsson, they established their six
sigma programme in 1997. At Ericsson, in the first six sigma was used as methodology for solving problems.
Today, they rather see six sigma as a business excellence model for concrete areas and as a methodology in
3. Elimination of rework in V Cap by Using Six Sigma Methodology
59
order to reach business goals. At Ericsson in Bora°s, around 50 Black Belt projects and 200 Yellow Belt projects
have been executed between 1997and 2004, with total savings of approximately 200-300 million euro between
1997 and 2003.(Andersson, etal 2006)
1.4 Six sigma objectives
The six sigma consider as continuous improvement tool and as continuous improvement process for
reducing variation in process which meaning the defected products or defected service, which focuses on
continuous and breakthrough provements. Improvement projects are driven in a wide range of areas and at
different levels of complexity, in order to reduce variation. The main purpose of reducing variation on a product
or a service is to satisfy customers. The goal of six sigma is that only 3.4 of a million customers should be
unsatisfied and this is the six sigma target.(Andersson, etal 2006)
1.5 Six sigma Roadmap
There are two major improvement methodologies in six sigma, one for already existing processes and
one for new processes. The first methodology used to improve an existing process can be divided into five
phases and also we can callsix sigma roadmap. Which clarified in next points? (Andersson, etal 2006)
1. Define phase. In this phase we clarify the process or product that needs improvement. Define the most
suitable team members to work with the improvement. Define the customers of the process which are the
internal or external customers, their needs and requirements, and create a map of the process that should be
improved.
2. Measure phase. Identify the key factors that have the most influence on the process, and decide upon how to
measure them and in this phase we can collect fresh data to clarify the sources of process variation.
3. Analyze phase. Analyse the factors that need improvements and we can reduce the factors of process
variation.
4. Improve phase. Design and implement the most effective solution. Cost-benefit analyses should be used to
identify the best solution and hypothesis test to assure the improvement.
5. Control phase. Verify if the implementation was successful and ensure that the improvement sustains over
time. So we can use control tools such as control plan. (Andersson, etal 2006)
Six Sigma brings structure to process improvement by providing the user with a more detailed outline
of Deming’s plan-do-check-act cycle by guiding the initiative through a five stage cycle of define-measure-
analyze-improve-control (DMAIC); Each stage has a number of corresponding tools and techniques such as
statistical process control, design of experiments and response surface methodology, providing the user with an
extensive tool box of techniques, inorder to measure, analyze and improve critical processes in order to bring the
system under control.(Pepper, Spedding ,2010)
By comparing these four simple but rigorous steps with Motorola’s six steps tosix sigma quality it
seems on the surface as if GE (or Jack Welch) in beginning of their six sigma journey focused only on Step 6 in
Motorola’s roadmap. Later on we-know that the sigma improvement process usually followed the so-called
DMAIC process, which is defined as follows
• Define. Identification of the process or product that needs improvement and identify the voice of the
customers.
• Measure. Identify those characteristics of the product or process that are critical to the customer’s
requirements for quality performance and which contribute to customer satisfaction, in this phase we can
collect the fresh data.
• Analyze. Evaluate the current operation of the process to determine the potential sources of variation for
critical performance parameters.
• Improve. Select those product or process characteristics which must be improved to achieve the goal.
Implement improvements.
• Control. Ensure that the new process conditions are documented and monitored via statistical process
control methods (SPC). Depending on the outcome it may become necessary to revisit one or more of the
preceding phases (Dahlgaard, Park 2006),
The six sigma road map and applying a step-by-step process based road map is a key success factor
(KSF) in implementing any six sigma project regardless of the size or type of the business.Also this clarifying in
the next table.(Nabhani,Shokri2009)
4. Elimination of rework in V Cap by Using Six Sigma Methodology
60
Tab.2 Key steps of six sigma
1.6 Another six sigma roadmap (DMADV)
DMADV roadmapis often used when the existing process-es do not satisfy the external customers or
isn't able to achieve strategic business objectives so we focused on design and verification phases, this
methodology can also be divided into five phases; define measure, analyze, design, verify. (Andersson, etal
2006)
1.7 Six sigma Misconceptions
The Key misconceptions regarding six sigma in three points as below:
1- Six Sigma is that it is the new flavor, pushed by quality consultants in a way similar to the way Deming
Management, TQM, business process reengineering (BPR), and ISO 9000 were pushed in the recent past.
Unfortunately, there will always be consultants who jump onto any bandwagon, take a seminar and proclaim
themselves experts in a program Six Sigma is no exception to this phenomenon.
2- Six Sigma is that the goal of 3.4 NCPPM is absolute and should be applied to every opportunity tolerance and
specification, regardless of its ultimate importance in the customer’s value expression. While the 3.4 NCPPM
was derived at Motorola based on the characteristics of its products.
3- Six Sigma is that it is a quality only program. As described earlier, the concept of Six Sigma “quality” relates
to the entire customer value equation.
Fig.3 High-level DMAIC improvement methodologies.
1.8Criticism of six sigma
The six sigma has the same common features as TQM and that six sigma does not, in principle, contain
anything new. In more detail, they state that six sigma is a highly disciplined, data-oriented, top-down approach,
which typically includes four stages (measure, analyze, improve and control) and the use of statistical decision
tools. The new thing concerning six sigma is the clear linking of the tactical and the strategic, For example,
5. Elimination of rework in V Cap by Using Six Sigma Methodology
61
statistical techniques are used in a systematic way to reduce variation and improve processes, and there is a
strong-er focus on results, including customer needs.(Andersson, et al 2006)
There is a complexity in six sigmaapproach to exceed and achieved the customer’s needs and hence
increase the custom-er satisfaction. So to avoid this problem some companies use voice of the customer tools
(VOC) in their define phase claim that six sigma approach fail to create conditions in order to involve everyone,
which is more emphasized in the TQM.
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM)
2.1 TQM Definition
The TQM define as a continuously evolving management system consisting of values, methodologies
and tools, the aim of which is to increase external and internal customer satisfac-tion with a reduced amount 4.2
The main objectives of TQM, six sigma and lean
The effect and main objectives of TQM, six sigma and lean, the main objective with TQM is to increase
the customer satisfaction, see Hellsten and Klefsjo¨ (2000). Eklo¨f etal. (1999) have also shown that there is a
positive correlation between customer satisfaction and the financial results of companies. Moreover, it has been
shown that organizations that have successfully implemented TQM outperform similar organizations regarding a
number of financial indicators.(Andersson, etal 2006).
Six sigma, the projects are selected in such a way that they are closely tied to the business goals or
objectives. The company’s business goals are normally set in such a way that customers’ needs will be satisfied.
Before starting a six sigma project, one must prove that the improvement will result in economical savings for
the company and we can study the business case, the six sigma does not necessarily improve customer
satisfaction to the same extent as a successful TQM. The reason is that a six sigma primarily emphasizes the
economical savings and secondly the customer satisfaction where the six sigma focused on the variation in the
internal processes or internal failure which led to external failure (customers com-plaint). This view was
supported by Ericsson in Bora°s. (Andersson, etal2006).
2.3 Criticism of TQM
TQM is, a number of failures of organizations trying to implement TQM have been documented. In
more detail, a number of organizations have put a large amount of resources on implementing TQM, but with no
tangible improvements achieved
2.4 Comparison between six sigma and TQM
Six Sigma is a broad long-term decision-making business strategy rather thana narrowly focused
quality management program, (Arnheiter and Maleyeff, 2005)
Six Sigma is a combination of the Six-Sigma statistical metric and TQM, with additional innovations
that improve the program’s effectiveness while expanding its focus. The main components of Six Sigma
maintained from TQM include a focus on the customer, recognition that quality is the responsibility of all
employees, and the emphasis on employee training, (Arnheiter and Maleyeff, 2005).
Six-Sigma methodology is also used, but in an expanded fashion. With Six Sigma, the value of an
organization’s output includes not just quality, but availability, reliability, delivery performance, and after-
market service. Performance within each of the components of the customer’s value equation should be superior.
Hence, the Six-Sigma methodology is implemented in a broad fashion, striving for near perfect performance at
the lowest level of activity. In addition, Six Sigma programs generally create a structure under which training of
employees is formalized and sustained to ensure its effectiveness. All employees involved in activities that
impact custom-er satisfaction would be trained in basic problem solving skills. Other employee's are provided
advanced training and required to act as mentors to others in support of quality improvement projects,(Arnheiter
and Maleyeff,2005).
2.5 The comparison between six sigma and TQM
The process view and approach for the TQM, Six sigma and Lean the improvement projects in a six
sigma methodology are conducted in a wide range of areas and at different levels of complexity in order to
reduce variation, When the project members have reduced the variation in a process, and hence achieved the
business goals, increased the profit or lowered the cost, this improvement is visualized to the top managers at
the company. (Andersson, et al 2006).
Some of the top managers are also involved in the per-formed improvement projects. As a result, the six
sigma approach receives necessary support from the top managers at the company, as the managers recognize
6. Elimination of rework in V Cap by Using Six Sigma Methodology
62
the economical impact of it. This could be one explanation for the documented successes of six sigma compared
with TQM, i.e. six sigma approach Andersson, etal 2006).
2.6 Dissimilarities between six sigma, lean and TQM
Lean is a discipline that focuses on process speed and efficiency to decrease the process shift, or the
flow, in order to increase the customer value; in lean manufacturing, project groups are usually the approach to
perform the necessary improvements. While six sigma and lean focus on performing improvements mainly
through projects to reduce the process variation, TQM has sometimes a different approach. TQM emphasizes the
commitment and involvement of all employees.(Andersson, etal2006).
III. CONCLUSION
It is possible in this proposed research to anticipate the specific and general benefits likely to be
achieved as a result of completion of it. Variable control charts are used to study a process when characteristics
is a measurement, for example, cycle time, processing time, waiting time, highest, area, temperature, cost or
revenue. Control charts detect special causes of variation, measures and monitors common causes of variation,
know when to look for problems and adjust or when to keep hands off know when to make a fundamental
change. The control limits obtained after the remedial actions taken lie within specification and the control
limits.
The thicknesses of all the components obtained have been located very close to the process mean. As
all these results are found positive, it may conclude that the process is under control. The process capability (Cp)
is increased to considerable value showing that implementation of SPC technique is proved to be successful in
improving the performance of a process thereby making it more capable of producing the products with right
dimensions. Capability Ratio (CR) been reduced to lowest value meaning that the process spread occupy
minimum of the tolerance. It is believed that the lower is the CR the more is capable the process.
These all conclusions become possible to understand with the successful implementation of an SPC
technique. Since this work is done in a process industry as a whole, similar work may be done in other areas of
industries country wide.
REFERENCES
[1]. Six Sigma Analysis: The Design and Implementation Submitted to the faculty of Worcester Polytechnic
Institute In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science.
[2]. Fundamental elements for the successful performance of Six Sigma projects in service industries
[3]. Roy Andersson, Henrik Eriksson, Håkan Torstensson, (2006),"Similarities and differences between
TQM, six sigma and lean", The TQM Magazine, Vol. 18 Iss: 3 pp. 282 - 296
[4]. Hellsten, U. and Klefsjo¨, B. (2000), “TQM as a management system consisting of values, techniques
and tools”, TQM Magazine, Vol. 12 No. 4, pp. 238-44.
[5]. Magnusson, K., Kroslid, D. and Bergman, B. (2003), Six Sigma – The Pragmatic Approach, Lund,
Student litterateur.
[6]. NIST (2000), Principles of Lean Manufacturing with Live Simulation, Manufacturing Extension
Partnership, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD.
[7]. Rancour, T. and McCracken, M. (2000), “Applying six sigma methods for breakthrough safety
performance”, American Society of Safety Engineers, October, pp. 31-4
[8]. Pyzdek, T. (2001), The Six Sigma Revolution, Quality America, Tuscon, AZ, available at:
www.Qualityamerica.com /Knowledge Cen-tre/articles/pyzdeksixrev.htm (accessed 6 October 2004)
[9]. Eckes, G. (2001), the Six Sigma Revolution, Wiley, New York, NY
[10]. Klefsjo¨, B., Wiklund, H. and Edgeman, R.L. (2001), “Six sigma seen as a methodology for total
quality management”, Measuring Business Excellence, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 31-5.
[11]. McCurry, L. and McIvor, R.T. (2001), “Agile manufacturing: 21st century strategy for manufacturing
on the periphery?”, Conference Proceedings, Irish Academy of Management Conference, University of
Ulster, September.
[12]. Dove, R. (1999), “Knowledge management, response ability and the agile enterprise”, Journal of
Knowledge Management, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 18-35.
[13]. Cusumano, M.A. (1994), “The limits of lean”, Sloan Management Review, Vol. 35 No. 4, pp. 27-32.
[14]. George, M., Rowlands, D. and Kastle, B. (2003), what is Lean Six Sigma?, McGraw-Hill Companies,
New York, NY.
[15]. Hellsten, U. and Klefsjo¨, B. (2000), “TQM as a management system consisting of values, techniques
and tools”, TQM Magazine, Vol. 12 No. 4, pp. 238-44