Hypothyroidism, a disabling
disorder caused by thyroid
hormone underproduction, has a
negative impact on quality of life.
• It manifests a wide range of
symptoms, the most prevalent of
which are depression, weariness,
weight gain, dry skin, and
bradycardia.
2. TOPIC: HYPOTHYROIDISM
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
PRESENTED BY: TAZEEM FATIMA
ROLL NO: 20M-UOC/ZOL-30
BS ZOOLOGY
SESSION:2020-2024
SUBJECT: ENDOCRINOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR NAME: DR. SYEDA NADIA
AHMED
4. HYPOTHYROIDISM
• Hypothyroidism, a disabling
disorder caused by thyroid
hormone underproduction, has a
negative impact on quality of life.
• It manifests a wide range of
symptoms, the most prevalent of
which are depression, weariness,
weight gain, dry skin, and
bradycardia.(Heim et al., 2022)
5. CAUSES OF HYPOTHYROIDISM
• Hypothyroidism can be caused by either a main or secondary cause.
A major cause is a disease that affects the thyroid directly and causes
it to produce low quantities of thyroid hormones.
• A secondary cause is something that causes the pituitary gland to
malfunction, preventing it from sending thyroid stimulating hormone
(TSH) to the thyroid to balance out the thyroid hormones.
• Hypothyroidism can also be caused by hypothalamic and pituitary
gland dysfunction.(Bereda, 2023)
11. CRITINISM
• Cretinism is a variant of congenital
hypothyroidism, an endocrine
condition caused by insufficient
thyroid hormone synthesis or a
lack of receptors in youngsters.
• Thyroid dysfunction is frequently
caused by genetic disorders.
• Thyroid secretion failure causes
growth retardation in all kinds
(physical, mental, and sexual) in
children. (Huang, 2023)
12. MYXEDEMA
• The phrase "myxedema coma" is
still used to describe severe,
decompensated, or uncontrolled
hypothyroidism.
• A Greek word used to describe the
"doughy" look of the skin.
• Myxedema is caused by a shortage
of thyroxine in adults.
• The main symptoms include
sluggishness, insomnia, a rise in
body weight, hypertension, and
edema.(William, C. 2023)
13. DIAGNOSIS OF HYPOTHYROIDISM
• The first blood test used to diagnose hypothyroidism analyzes
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the blood.
• If it is elevated, the test is repeated, along with a blood test for the
thyroid hormone T-4.
• If the TSH level is high and the T-4 level is low, the diagnosis is
hypothyroidism.
14. MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT
• The thyroid hormone drug levothyroxine
(Levo-T, Synthroid, and others) is commonly
used every day to treat hypothyroidism.
• This medication is used orally.
• It restores hormone levels to normal, hence
removing hypothyroid symptoms(Ettleson,
2022)
15. REFERENCES
• Heim, M., Nixon, I. J., Emmerson, E., & Callanan, A. (2022). From
hormone replacement therapy to regenerative scaffolds: A review of
current and novel primary hypothyroidism therapeutics. Frontiers in
Endocrinology, 13, 997288.
• Bereda, G. (2023). Definition, Causes, Pathophysiology, and Management
of Hypothyroidism. Mathews Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 7(1), 1-
5.
• Huang, J., Wu, H., Zhao, G., Ma, Y., An, Y., Sun, L., ... & Wang, S. (2023).
A Case-Control Study of the Relationship Between Genetic Polymorphism
and Cretinism in Xinjiang. Pharmacogenomics and Personalized
Medicine, 785-794.
• Williams, C. (2023). A delayed diagnosis of myxedema
coma. Cureus, 15(1).
• Ettleson, M. D., & Papaleontiou, M. (2022). Evaluating health outcomes
in the treatment of hypothyroidism. Frontiers in endocrinology, 13,
1026262.